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Silva BS, Amorim-Neto DP, Pia AKR, Campagnollo FB, Furtado MM, Carvalho ACBR, Oteiza JM, Sant'Ana AS. The fate of Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes in the pulp of eight native Brazilian and exotic fruits. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 420:110783. [PMID: 38851046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Despite the wide variety of native and exotic fruits in Brazil, there is limited understanding of their ability to support pathogens during storage. This study aimed to evaluate the behavior of Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes inoculated into the pulp of eight fruits native and exotic to Brazil: Jenipapo (Genipa americana L.), Umbu (Spondias tuberosa Arruda), Maná (Solanum sessiliflorum), Cajá-manga (Spondias dulcis), Physalis (Physalis angulata L.), Feijoa (Acca sellowiana), Cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum) (average pH < 3.3) and in a low acidy fruit: Abiu (Pouteria caimito) (pH 6.11). The pathogens were inoculated into the different fruits and stored at 10, 20, 30 and 37 °C for up to 12 h and 6 days, respectively. Among the fruits evaluated, Abiu was the only one that allowed Salmonella growth, showing higher δ-values at 20 and 30 °C (5.6 log CFU/g for both temperatures). For Physalis and Feijoa, there was a small reduction in the pathogen concentration (<1 log-cycle), mainly at 10 and 20 °C, indicating its ability to remain in the matrices. For the other fruits, notable negative δ-values were obtained, indicating a tendency towards microbial inactivation. The survival potential was significantly affected by temperature in Abiu, Maná, Cupuaçu, and Cajá-manga (p < 0.05). The same phenomena regarding δ-value were observed for L. monocytogenes population, with the greatest survival potential observed at 20 °C in Abiu (3.3 log CFU/g). Regarding the exponential growth rates in Abiu, the highest values were observed at 30 and 37 °C, both for Salmonella (4.6 and 4.9 log (CFU/g)/day, respectively) and for L. monocytogenes (2.8 and 2.7 log (CFU/g)/day, respectively), with no significant difference between both temperatures. Regarding microbial inactivation, L. monocytogenes showed greater resistance than Salmonella in practically all matrices. Jenipapo and Umbu were the pulps that, in general, had the greatest effect on reducing the population of pathogens. Furthermore, the increase in storage temperature seems to favor the increase on inactivation rates. In conclusion, Salmonella and L. monocytogenes can grow only in Abiu pulp, although they can survive in some acidic tropical fruits kept at refrigeration and abusive temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz S Silva
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Dionisio P Amorim-Neto
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Arthur K R Pia
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda B Campagnollo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marianna M Furtado
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina B R Carvalho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Juan M Oteiza
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia Técnica a la Industria (CIATI AC), Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Anderson S Sant'Ana
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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2
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Cavalcanti AAC, Limeira CH, Siqueira IND, Lima ACD, Medeiros FJPD, Souza JGD, Medeiros NGDA, Oliveira Filho AAD, Melo MAD. The prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in meat products in Brazil: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Res Vet Sci 2022; 145:169-176. [PMID: 35217271 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes, a foodborne pathogen that causes human listeriosis, is commonly found in meat products. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in a variety of Brazilian meat products, using a meta-analysis of data from the literature. A total of 29 publications from five databases, published between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2019, were included in the study. Estimated by the random-effects model, the combined prevalence of L. monocytogenes was 13%, ranging from 0 to 59%. The combined prevalence of L. monocytogenes was 14% and 11% for raw meat and ready-to-eat (RTE) meat, respectively. The prevalence of L. monocytogenes was higher in the swine species' meat products and the Southeast region of Brazil. Regarding the type of establishment, it was the retail market that presented the highest combined prevalence rate (19%). The most prevalent serotypes of L. monocytogenes were 4b, 1/2a, 1/2b, and 1/2c. The knowledge of differences in the prevalence levels of L. monocytogenes in different meat products can guide in its efficient control by the competent authorities and by industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clécio Henrique Limeira
- Federal University of Campina Grande, Post-Graduate Program in Animal Science and Health, Patos, PB, Brazil
| | - Iara Nunes de Siqueira
- Federal University of Campina Grande, Post-Graduate Program in Animal Science and Health, Patos, PB, Brazil
| | | | | | - Joyce Galvão de Souza
- Federal University of Campina Grande, Post-Graduate Program in Animal Science and Health, Patos, PB, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcia Almeida de Melo
- Federal University of Campina Grande, Post-Graduate Program in Animal Science and Health, Patos, PB, Brazil.
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3
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Ajourloo M, Khanjari A, Misaghi A, Akhondzadeh Basti A, Kamkar A, Yadegar F, Gholami F, Khansavar F, Fallah F. Combined effects of Ziziphora clinopodioides essential oil and lysozyme to extend shelf life and control Listeria monocytogenes in Balkan-style fresh sausage. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:1665-1675. [PMID: 33747477 PMCID: PMC7958551 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was done to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of Ziziphora clinopodioides essential oil (ZCEO) (0, 0.1, and 0.3%) and lysozyme (0 and 400 µg/g) on control of Listeria (L.) monocytogenes and also microbial, chemical, and organoleptic properties of Balkan type fresh sausage under modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) during 13-day storage at refrigerated condition. Results revealed that treated sausages had a slower rate of increase in microbial count than control and sausages containing ZCEO (0.3%) and lysozyme (400 µg/g) possess the lowest microbial count at the end of the storage period. A reduction between 0.90 and 2.05 log CFU/g in L. monocytogenes was recorded for the treated sausage samples in comparison with control samples after 13 days of storage. Based on chemical findings, at the end of the storage, TVB-N value in the control sample gradually increased to 34.30 mg/100 g, whereas TVB-N values of the treated samples with each of the lysozyme and ZCEO alone or in combination were below 25 mg/100 g during the entire storage period. The final TBARS value for the control sample was 0.58 mg malondialdehyde/kg, while the TBARS values for the treated samples remained lower as 0.46 mg malondialdehyde/kg. Regarding sensory attributes, adding ZCEO results in insignificant lower scores in odor and taste than control in the early days of the study (p > .05). It can be argued that ZCEO alone or in combination with lysozyme showed good antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and may have this potential to be used as a preservative in fresh sausage without any significant adverse sensory effects (p > .05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ajourloo
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Ali Khanjari
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Ali Misaghi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Afshin Akhondzadeh Basti
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Abolfazl Kamkar
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Faezeh Yadegar
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Fatemeh Gholami
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | | | - Fazel Fallah
- Research and Development CenterSolico Meat Products CompanyAmolIran
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4
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Kariyawasam KMGMM, Jeewanthi RKC, Lee NK, Paik HD. Characterization of cottage cheese using Weissella cibaria D30: Physicochemical, antioxidant, and antilisterial properties. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:3887-3893. [PMID: 30827567 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the potential of Weissella cibaria D30 as an adjunct culture in cottage cheese, including an assessment of antioxidant, antilisterial, and compositional parameters. Cottage cheese samples were manufactured using a commercial starter culture and probiotic strains Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (GG) or W. cibaria D30 (W) and without probiotic (control). Samples were stored at 4 ± 1°C for 28 d. Bacterial cell counts (log cfu/g) of control, GG, and W samples were counted at 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 d. Counts of W. cibaria D30 in the W samples remained at 6.85 log cfu/g after 28 d. Total solids, fat, protein, ash, and pH were measured and no significant differences were observed in compositional parameters or pH after 28 d of storage in all cheeses except those inoculated to Listeria monocytogenes. To measure the antilisterial effect, Listeria monocytogenes was inoculated into the cottage cheese samples and bacterial cell counts were obtained at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 h. Listeria monocytogenes counts were less than the analytical limit of detection (<10 cfu/g) in the inoculated GG and W samples, whereas the counts of L. monocytogenes in the inoculated control sample remained at 3.0 log cfu/g after 144 h. We used the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] radical scavenging activity assays to assess antioxidant activity: GG and W samples exhibited significant increases in antioxidant activity compared with the control sample. These results indicate that W. cibaria D30 has potential as an adjunct culture in the dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M G M M Kariyawasam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - R K C Jeewanthi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - N-K Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - H-D Paik
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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Camargo AC, Woodward JJ, Call DR, Nero LA. Listeria monocytogenes in Food-Processing Facilities, Food Contamination, and Human Listeriosis: The Brazilian Scenario. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2017; 14:623-636. [PMID: 28767285 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2016.2274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that contaminates food-processing environments and persists within biofilms on equipment, utensils, floors, and drains, ultimately reaching final products by cross-contamination. This pathogen grows even under high salt conditions or refrigeration temperatures, remaining viable in various food products until the end of their shelf life. While the estimated incidence of listeriosis is lower than other enteric illnesses, infections caused by L. monocytogenes are more likely to lead to hospitalizations and fatalities. Despite the description of L. monocytogenes occurrence in Brazilian food-processing facilities and foods, there is a lack of consistent data regarding listeriosis cases and outbreaks directly associated with food consumption. Listeriosis requires rapid treatment with antibiotics and most drugs suitable for Gram-positive bacteria are effective against L. monocytogenes. Only a minority of clinical antibiotic-resistant L. monocytogenes strains have been described so far; whereas many strains recovered from food-processing facilities and foods exhibited resistance to antimicrobials not suitable against listeriosis. L. monocytogenes control in food industries is a challenge, demanding proper cleaning and application of sanitization procedures to eliminate this foodborne pathogen from the food-processing environment and ensure food safety. This review focuses on presenting the L. monocytogenes distribution in food-processing environment, food contamination, and control in the food industry, as well as the consequences of listeriosis to human health, providing a comparison of the current Brazilian situation with the international scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Carlos Camargo
- 1 Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa , Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Douglas Ruben Call
- 3 Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington
| | - Luís Augusto Nero
- 1 Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa , Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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6
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D'Ostuni V, Tristezza M, De Giorgi MG, Rampino P, Grieco F, Perrotta C. Occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. in meat processed products from industrial plants in Southern Italy. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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7
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Growth potential of Listeria monocytogenes in probiotic cottage cheese formulations with reduced sodium content. Food Res Int 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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8
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Dias F, Santos M, Schwan R. Enumeration, identification and safety proprieties of lactic acid bacteria isolated from pork sausage. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-8119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are indigenous microorganisms occurring in pork sausages. The utilization of selected autochthonous LAB may improve the safety of meat products. This study aims to enumerate and identify LAB in pork sausage and to characterize their safety properties, such as antimicrobial susceptibility and antibacterial activity. A total of 189 sealed packages of pork sausages were collected in seven municipalities (27 samples in each city) of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Microbiological analyses were performed to enumerate LAB. Two pre-selection criteria were applied to 567 isolates of LAB: catalase activity and tolerance to pH 2. A total of 32 strains of UFLA SAU were selected, characterized phenotypically and identified through 16S rDNA region sequencing. The susceptibility to antimicrobial and antibacterial activities of isolates was evaluated. The LAB count ranged from 3.079 to 8.987 log10 CFU/g. Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus paracasei were identified in the samples. UFLA SAU 11, 20, 34, 86, 131 and 258 showed a profile of susceptibility to four antimicrobials: erythromycin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol and gentamycin. In the antibacterial activity test, with exception of UFLA SAU 1, all other strains showed efficiency in inhibiting Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhiand Listeria monocytogenes. In the statistical analysis there was interaction among strains of Lactobacillus against the pathogens tested. L. monocytogenes (P=0.05) was more sensitive to Lactobacillus strains and the highest inhibitory activity against this pathogen was achieved by strains UFLA SAU 135, 226, 238 and 258. Thus, UFLA SAU 11, 20, 34, 86, 131, 135, 226, 238 and 258 possess safety characteristics for application in meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- F.S. Dias
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Brasil
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9
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Ristori CA, Rowlands REG, Martins CG, Barbosa ML, Yoshida JT, de Melo Franco BD. Prevalence and Populations ofListeria monocytogenesin Meat Products Retailed in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2014; 11:969-73. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2014.1809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Bernadette D.G. de Melo Franco
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Hadjilouka A, Andritsos ND, Paramithiotis S, Mataragas M, Drosinos EH. Listeria monocytogenes serotype prevalence and biodiversity in diverse food products. J Food Prot 2014; 77:2115-20. [PMID: 25474059 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess serotype prevalence and biodiversity of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from diverse food products, i.e., minced pork, fruits, and vegetables. Three hundred twenty-six samples previously purchased from supermarkets and street markets within the Athens area were studied for L. monocytogenes prevalence. A total of 121 strains were isolated from the 36 samples that were positive for L. monocytogenes. Serotyping was performed with multiplex PCR, and biodiversity was assessed with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) PCR analysis using M13, UBC155, and HLWL85 as primers and with repetitive element palindromic (rep) PCR analysis using (GTG)5 as the primer. The majority (17 of 22) of the contaminated minced pork samples contained strains identified as serotype 1/2a, either alone or in combination with strains belonging to serotypes 1/2b, 4a, 4c, or 4ab. However, all L. monocytogenes isolates from fruits and vegetables belonged to serotype 4b. Rep-PCR provided better differentiation of the isolates than did RAPD PCR and resulted in discrimination of the isolates into a larger number of unique profiles. Complete differentiation was achieved only with the combination of these subtyping techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agni Hadjilouka
- Laboratory of Food Quality Control and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-118 55 Athens, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos D Andritsos
- Laboratory of Food Quality Control and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-118 55 Athens, Greece
| | - Spiros Paramithiotis
- Laboratory of Food Quality Control and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-118 55 Athens, Greece
| | - Marios Mataragas
- Laboratory of Food Quality Control and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-118 55 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftherios H Drosinos
- Laboratory of Food Quality Control and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-118 55 Athens, Greece
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11
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da Silveira SM, Luciano FB, Fronza N, Cunha A, Scheuermann GN, Vieira CRW. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Laurus nobilis essential oil towards foodborne pathogens and its application in fresh Tuscan sausage stored at 7 °C. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Sant'Ana AS, Franco BD, Schaffner DW. Risk of infection with Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes due to consumption of ready-to-eat leafy vegetables in Brazil. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Cetinkaya F, Elal Mus T, Yibar A, Guclu N, Tavsanli H, Cibik R. Prevalence, Serotype Identification by Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of L
isteria Monocytogenes
Isolated from Retail Foods. J Food Saf 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Figen Cetinkaya
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Uludag; Gorukle Campus Bursa 16059 Turkey
| | - Tulay Elal Mus
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Uludag; Gorukle Campus Bursa 16059 Turkey
| | - Artun Yibar
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Uludag; Gorukle Campus Bursa 16059 Turkey
| | - Nedret Guclu
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Uludag; Gorukle Campus Bursa 16059 Turkey
| | - Hakan Tavsanli
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Uludag; Gorukle Campus Bursa 16059 Turkey
| | - Recep Cibik
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Uludag; Gorukle Campus Bursa 16059 Turkey
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El-Shenawy M, El-Shenawy M, Mañes J, Soriano JM. Listeria spp. in Street-Vended Ready-to-Eat Foods. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis 2011; 2011:968031. [PMID: 22194742 PMCID: PMC3238381 DOI: 10.1155/2011/968031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Street-vended ready-to-eat food sold in Egypt, including sandwiches and dishes of traditional food, was examined for the presence of Listeria species. Out of 576 samples, 24% were found to contain Listeria species. L. monocytogenes and L. innocua were isolated from 57% and 39% of the contaminated samples, respectively. Other Listeria spp. were detected with lower frequency. L. monocytogenes of ≥10(3) CFU/g were detected in 7% of the total examined samples, which represent 49% of the contaminated food samples (meat, poultry, seafood, dairy products, and products of plant origin). Most of the samples contaminated by L. monocytogenes had high levels of total viable bacterial counts. The results obtained may help to clarify the epidemiology of listeriosis in the country and draw the attention of the decision makers to issue hygienic regulations for food processing industries as well as street vendors in order to ensure safe street-vended ready-to-eat food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa El-Shenawy
- Department of Food and Environmental Microbiology, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Shenawy
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Al-Anfushy, Alexandria 11695, Egypt
| | - Jordi Mañes
- Observatory of Nutrition and Food Safety in Developing Countries, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot 46100, Spain
| | - Jose M. Soriano
- Observatory of Nutrition and Food Safety in Developing Countries, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot 46100, Spain
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