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Xiao C, Liu Y, Zhao W, Liang Y, Cui C, Yang S, Fang W, Miao L, Yuan Z, Lin Z, Zhai B, Zhao Z, Zhang L, Ma H, Jin H, Cao Y. The comparison of meat yield, quality, and flavor between small-tailed Han sheep and two crossbred sheep and the verification of related candidate genes. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1399390. [PMID: 39149545 PMCID: PMC11324605 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1399390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction In Northeast China, Dorper and Australian White rams are commonly crossbred with small-tailed Han (STH) ewes to improve the offspring's meat yield and quality. However, the differences in traits and the flavor between the crossbred sheep and STH sheep remain unclear. In addition, the candidate genes potentially influencing the meat quality in the three sheep breeds require further verification. Methods A total of 18 2-month-old healthy rams were raised over a period of 5 months, which included 6 STH, 6 Dorper and small-tailed Han crossbred (Do × STH), and 6 Australian white and small-tailed Han crossbred (Au × STH) offspring. The differences in slaughter, meat quality traits, fatty acid and amino acid composition in the muscular longissimus dorsi (MLD), and volatile compounds in the semitendinosus muscle were compared between the sheep breeds. The candidate genes related to intramuscular fat (IMF) content and fatty acids were validated. Results The results of this study revealed that the crossbred sheep had higher body weight, carcass weight, bone weight, net meat weight, and IMF content than the STH sheep (p < 0.05). The Do × STH offspring had a higher pH value (24 h), moisture content, and cooking percentage; they also had redder and brighter meat color. The content of myristate, palmitic, and margaric acids in the crossbred sheep was higher than that in the STH sheep (p < 0.05). The Do × STH offspring had the highest saturated fatty acid content (p < 0.05). The Au × STH offspring had the highest protein content (p < 0.05). The arachidonic acid and amino acid (Asp, Ala, Ile, Leu, Lys, Thr, and essential amino acid) contents were higher in the STH sheep than in the crossbred sheep (p < 0.05). The odor activity value (OAV) analysis showed that most of the aldehydes in the Au × STH offspring had higher values. The PDK4 gene expression was positively associated with the IMF content and was negatively correlated with the linoleic acid content in the Do × STH sheep (p < 0.05). The TMEM273 gene expression was positively associated with linoleic and arachidonic acid contents and was negatively correlated with oleic and palmitic acid contents in the Do × STH sheep (p < 0.05). Discussion The results showed the differences between the crossbred sheep and STH sheep and provided the candidate genes related to meat quality in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xiao
- Institute of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, China
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Dummerstorf, Germany
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Rostock University, Rostock, Germany
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Wenjun Zhao
- Institute of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, China
- College of Agriculture, YanBian University, Yanji, China
| | - Yingjia Liang
- Institute of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Chao Cui
- Institute of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Shaoying Yang
- Institute of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, China
| | - WenWen Fang
- Institute of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Lisheng Miao
- Institute of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Zhiyu Yuan
- Institute of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Zihan Lin
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Zhai
- Institute of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Zhongli Zhao
- Institute of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Lichun Zhang
- Institute of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Huihai Ma
- Institute of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Haiguo Jin
- Institute of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Institute of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, China
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Kumar P, Ahmed MA, Abubakar AA, Hayat MN, Kaka U, Ajat M, Goh YM, Sazili AQ. Improving animal welfare status and meat quality through assessment of stress biomarkers: A critical review. Meat Sci 2023; 197:109048. [PMID: 36469986 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.109048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Stress induces various physiological and biochemical alterations in the animal body, which are used to assess the stress status of animals. Blood profiles, serum hormones, enzymes, and physiological conditions such as body temperature, heart, and breathing rate of animals are the most commonly used stress biomarkers in the livestock sector. Previous exposure, genetics, stress adaptation, intensity, duration, and rearing practices result in wide intra- and inter-animal variations in the expression of various stress biomarkers. The use of meat proteomics by adequately analyzing the expression of various muscle proteins such as heat shock proteins (HSPs), acute phase proteins (APPs), texture, and tenderness biomarkers help predict meat quality and stress in animals before slaughter. Thus, there is a need to identify non-invasive, rapid, and accurate stress biomarkers that can objectively assess stress in animals. The present manuscript critically reviews various aspects of stress biomarkers in animals and their application in mitigating preslaughter stress in meat production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Kumar
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
| | - Muideen Adewale Ahmed
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abubakar Ahmed Abubakar
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Nizam Hayat
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ubedullah Kaka
- Department of Companion Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mokrish Ajat
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yong Meng Goh
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Awis Qurni Sazili
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Putra Infoport, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Marimuthu J, Loudon KMW, Gardner GE. Prediction of lamb carcase C-site fat depth and GR tissue depth using a non-invasive portable microwave system. Meat Sci 2020; 181:108398. [PMID: 33451872 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The experiment evaluated the ability of portable ultra-wide band microwave coupled with a Vivaldi patch antenna to predict carcase C-site fat and GR tissue depth. For C-site, 1070 lambs, across 8 slaughter groups were scanned and for GR, 286 lambs across 2 slaughter groups. Prediction equations for reflected microwave signals were constructed with a partial least squares regression two-components model and a machine learning Ensemble Stacking technique. Models were trained and validated using cross validation methods in actual datasets and then in datasets balanced for tissue depth. The precision and accuracy indicators of microwave predicted C-site fat depth across pooled and balanced datasets were RMSEP 1.53 mm, R2 0.54, and bias of 0.03 mm. The precision and accuracy for GR tissue depth across pooled and balanced datasets were RMSEP 2.57 mm, R2 0.79 and bias of 0.33 mm. Using the AUS-MEAT fat score accreditation framework this device was able to accurately predict GR 92.7% of the time.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Marimuthu
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, WA 6150, Australia; Advanced Livestock Measurement Technologies project, Meat and Livestock Australia, NSW 2060, Australia
| | - K M W Loudon
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, WA 6150, Australia; Advanced Livestock Measurement Technologies project, Meat and Livestock Australia, NSW 2060, Australia.
| | - G E Gardner
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, WA 6150, Australia; Advanced Livestock Measurement Technologies project, Meat and Livestock Australia, NSW 2060, Australia
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Sterza A, Falbo M, Sandini I, Pivatto D. Abate halal com e sem insensibilização em ovinos: implicações sobre o bem-estar animal e a eficiência da sangria. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-11540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as implicações sobre o bem-estar animal e a eficiência da sangria no abate halal com e sem insensibilização em ovinos. Foram avaliados 102 ovinos, em abate comercial, separados randomicamente pelo peso em dois grupos: com insensibilização (CI) e sem insensibilização (SI). Verificou-se que os animais sem insensibilização apresentaram sinais de endireitamento e vocalização após 20 segundos da degola. Houve diferença significativa para hemácias (P<0,01), hemoglobina (P<0,01), leucócitos totais (P<0,001), bem como para os biomarcadores de estresse, como CK (P<0,01) e lactato (P<0,001). Apesar de não apresentarem diferença estatística significativa, o LDH e o cortisol ficaram acima dos valores basais em ambos os grupos. Não foram observadas alterações séricas para glicose e AST. Houve diferença estatística significativa para eficiência da sangria (P<0,01). Os resultados demonstraram que houve estresse no abate halal com e sem insensibilização e melhor eficiência da sangria em animais não insensibilizados.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Sterza
- Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste, Brazil
| | - M.K. Falbo
- Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste, Brazil
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Caballero D, Asensio M, Fernández C, Reina R, García MJ, Noguera JL, Silva A. Effects of genotypes and crossbreeding on the quality parameters of dry-cured shoulders from different Iberian genetic pig lines. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00330-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Loudon KMW, Tarr G, Lean IJ, Polkinghorne R, McGilchrist P, Dunshea FR, Gardner GE, Pethick DW. The Impact of Pre-Slaughter Stress on Beef Eating Quality. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9090612. [PMID: 31461903 PMCID: PMC6769826 DOI: 10.3390/ani9090612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Consumer satisfaction is essential to the beef industry to ensure return protein purchasing. The Meat Standards Australia grading system has been pivotal in regulating the quality and consistency of meat palatability by creating objective measurements such as carcass characteristics, genetics systems, and production systems to predict consumer eating quality. One of the main objective measurements for carcass compliance is the ultimate pH of the longissimus thoracis et lumborum; however, recent research has demonstrated that pre-slaughter stress is eroding beef eating quality in pH compliant carcasses. Pre-slaughter mixing and transport was associated with lower eating quality in certain cuts. A two-week rest period at the abattoir prior to slaughter was beneficial for improving consumer sensory eating quality scores. Further research is required to determine if the muscle damage enzyme creatine kinase could be used commercially as an objective measurement to identify which cattle could benefit from a pre-slaughter rest period to improve beef quality. Abstract The study evaluated the relationship between pre-slaughter stress, plasma biomarkers and consumer-evaluated eating quality of pasture raised beef cattle (n = 488). The design tested steer only, heifer only and mixed sex cattle with a comparison of direct kill versus a 14 day rest period in abattoir holding paddocks prior to slaughter. Experiment One sourced cattle from four farms and tested shipping and road transport. Experiment Two sourced cattle from four farms and tested a commercial saleyard pathway. The impact on treatment on untrained consumer eating quality scores were tested on five muscle groups, m. psoas major, m. longissimus dorsi lumborum, m. biceps femoris, m. semitendinosis, and m. infraspinatus. Across all muscles, a two-week rest period had the biggest improvement in sensory score. Mixed groups scored lower in the outside muscle than non-mixed groups. However, the mixing response was inconsistent in the eye round muscle and not significant in the other muscles. Plasma glucose and L-lactate indicated a marked acute stress response at slaughter with a small detrimental impact on consumer score. The muscle damage enzyme markers creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were strongly associated with a lower meat quality score (MQ4). Neither β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) nor non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were associated with MQ4, suggesting that fat mobilisation does not impact consumer sensory score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M W Loudon
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
| | - Garth Tarr
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | - Rod Polkinghorne
- Birkenwood Pty. Ltd., 431 Timor Rd, Murrurundi, NSW 2338, Australia
| | - Peter McGilchrist
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia
| | - Frank R Dunshea
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Graham E Gardner
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - David W Pethick
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
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