1
|
Lee B, Kim DH, Lee J, Cressman MD, Choi YM, Lee K. Greater numbers and sizes of muscle bundles in the breast and leg muscles of broilers compared to layer chickens. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1285938. [PMID: 37877096 PMCID: PMC10590882 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1285938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Meat-type (broiler) and egg-type (layer) chickens were bred by intensive selection over the years, resulting in more numbers and larger sizes of myofibers. Although the characteristics are important parameters in muscle growth and meat quality, muscle bundle characteristics have not been studied in poultry. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the histological characteristics of myofibers and muscle bundles in muscles between male broiler (Ross broiler breed) chickens and layer (Hy-Line) chickens. Chicken muscles, pectoralis major (PM) and gastrocnemius (GM), were sampled at the age of 49 days and stained to analyze histological characteristics. Expectedly, body weights (BWs) and weights of PM and GM muscles in 49-day-old broilers were significantly heavier than those in layers. Within PM, broilers exhibited greater number and cross-sectional area (CSA) of myofibers than layers (3.3- and 3.3-fold, respectively). The total number and CSA of PM muscle bundles were approximately 1.5 and 6.6 times greater, respectively, in broilers than layers. Moreover, broilers exhibited 2 times greater number of myofibers per bundle of PM muscle than layers. Within GM, myofiber number and CSA were 2.3- and 2.4-fold greater, respectively, in broilers than layers. In addition, the total number of muscle bundles and bundle CSA were 2.5- and 2.1-fold greater, respectively, in broilers than in the layers. The novel findings of the current study provide evidence that greater muscle mass of broilers occurs by both hyperplasia and hypertrophy of muscle bundles and myofibers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boin Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hwan Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Joonbum Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Michael D. Cressman
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Young Min Choi
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kichoon Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cittadini A, Sarriés MV, Domínguez R, Pateiro M, Lorenzo JM. Effect of Breed and Finishing Diet on Chemical Composition and Quality Parameters of Meat from Burguete and Jaca Navarra Foals. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12050568. [PMID: 35268137 PMCID: PMC8908835 DOI: 10.3390/ani12050568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of breed, Jaca Navarra (JN) vs. Burguete (BU), and finishing diet, conventional concentrate and straw, diet 1 (D1), vs. silage and organic feed, diet 2 (D2), on chemical composition and quality parameters of the longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle from forty-six foals. Animals were reared under a semi-extensive system and slaughtered at a mean age of 21 months. The results reported that both studied effects had a significant (p < 0.05) impact on meat quality; however, it was the breed to strongly influence the majority of the parameters evaluated. In particular, BU foals reported the highest amounts of intramuscular fat, positively affecting the meat properties of marbling and texture traits. Moreover, this group presented higher values for L* and b* and the lowest cholesterol contents. As regards the diet, D1 increased the fat content in foals supplemented with this diet, improving the organoleptic properties of this group. On the other hand, the combination of silage and organic feed (D2) had an opposite trend. Thus, both BU and D1 groups presented enhanced quality attributes, such as marbling, juiciness and reduced hardness, which are some of the most demanded by meat consumers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Cittadini
- Instituto de Innovación y Sostenibilidad en la Cadena Agroalimentaria (IS-FOOD), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Campus de Arrosadia, 31006 Pamplona, Spain;
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia No. 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, 32900 San Cibrao das Viñas, Spain; (R.D.); (M.P.)
| | - María V. Sarriés
- Instituto de Innovación y Sostenibilidad en la Cadena Agroalimentaria (IS-FOOD), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Campus de Arrosadia, 31006 Pamplona, Spain;
- Correspondence: (M.V.S.); (J.M.L.); Tel.: +34-948-169-880 (M.V.S.); +34-988-548-277 (J.M.L.)
| | - Rubén Domínguez
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia No. 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, 32900 San Cibrao das Viñas, Spain; (R.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Mirian Pateiro
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia No. 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, 32900 San Cibrao das Viñas, Spain; (R.D.); (M.P.)
| | - José M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia No. 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, 32900 San Cibrao das Viñas, Spain; (R.D.); (M.P.)
- Área de Tecnoloxía dos Alimentos, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.V.S.); (J.M.L.); Tel.: +34-948-169-880 (M.V.S.); +34-988-548-277 (J.M.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee B, Kim JY, Choi YM. Associations of Apoptotic and Anti-Apoptotic Factors with Beef Quality, Histochemical Characteristics, and Palatability of Hanwoo Longissimus thoracis Muscle. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12040467. [PMID: 35203175 PMCID: PMC8868170 DOI: 10.3390/ani12040467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study compared the meat quality, histochemical traits, palatability, and expression levels of apoptotic (cytochrome c and caspases) and anti-apoptotic (small heat shock proteins) factors at 45 min and 24 h post-mortem of Hanwoo Longissimus thoracis muscles in groups categorized by Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBS) values to investigate the association between beef tenderness variation and apoptosis-related molecules. There were no differences in marbling scores, meat quality traits, or histochemical characteristics among the WBS groups (p > 0.05) indicating no significant effect on the tenderness variation in the current study. On the other hand, the low group exhibited higher levels of apoptotic and anti-apoptotic factors (except for αβ-crystallin) at 45 min post-mortem compared to the high WBS group, resulting in higher scores of tenderness attributes (p < 0.05). However, the level of αβ-crystallin at 45 min post-mortem was lower in the low and medium WBS groups compared to the high WBS group (p < 0.0106). At 24 h post-mortem, no significant differences were observed in the expression levels of apoptosis-related factors among the WBS groups (p > 0.05) except for heat shock protein 27 (p < 0.05).
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu L, Huang P, Xie W, Wang J, Li Y, Wang H, Xu H, Bai F, Zhou X, Gao R, Zhao Y. Effect of air fryer frying temperature on the quality attributes of sturgeon steak and comparison of its performance with traditional deep fat frying. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:342-353. [PMID: 35154672 PMCID: PMC8825730 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the influence of air-frying temperature on the physical properties of sturgeon steaks was explored. Meanwhile, the comparison of traditional deep fat frying (TF) and air fryer frying (AFF) methods on the quality, flavor, and digestibility of sturgeon steaks were investigated. The results indicated that along with the increase of temperature (130, 160, and 190℃) for 15 min, the moisture content of AFF sturgeon steak surface decreased dramatically while that of interior was well preserved. The applied texture property analysis exhibited that AFF sturgeon steak showed the enhanced elasticity, low hardness, and soft texture. The results indicated that AFF sturgeon steak contained higher essential amino acid content than TF sturgeon steak. More flavor compounds (aldehydes, alcohols, and esters) were produced after AFF than TF. Although the digestibility of fried sturgeon steaks decreased after frying, AFF sturgeon steaks were digested rapidly in the stomach and intestine. Conclusively, AFF sturgeon steaks exhibited a crispy texture, appealing flavor, and low oil content. This work provides a certain reference for the suitable frying methods in the processing industry of sturgeon products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- College of Food Science and EngineeringOcean University of ChinaQingdaoShandong ProvinceChina
| | - Pan Huang
- College of Food Science and EngineeringOcean University of ChinaQingdaoShandong ProvinceChina
| | - Wei Xie
- College of Food Science and EngineeringOcean University of ChinaQingdaoShandong ProvinceChina
| | - Jinlin Wang
- Hangzhou Qiandaohu Sturgeon Technology Co., Ltd.HangzhouChina
| | - Yujin Li
- College of Food Science and EngineeringOcean University of ChinaQingdaoShandong ProvinceChina
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Hisense (Shandong) Refrigerator Co., LtdChina
| | - He Xu
- Jiangsu Baoyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd.LianyungangChina
| | - Fan Bai
- Hangzhou Qiandaohu Sturgeon Technology Co., Ltd.HangzhouChina
| | | | - Ruichang Gao
- School of Food and BioengineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina
| | - Yuanhui Zhao
- College of Food Science and EngineeringOcean University of ChinaQingdaoShandong ProvinceChina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xu C, Zhang S, Sun B, Xie P, Liu X, Chang L, Lu F, Zhang S. Dietary Supplementation with Microalgae ( Schizochytrium sp.) Improves the Antioxidant Status, Fatty Acids Profiles and Volatile Compounds of Beef. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123517. [PMID: 34944292 PMCID: PMC8697940 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with microalgae (Schizochytrium sp.) containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the antioxidant enzyme activity, physicochemical quality, fatty acid composition and volatile compounds of beef meat. Eighteen male Qaidamford cattle were randomly allocated into three treatments (n = 6): no micro-algae supplementation (Control group, C), 100 g microalgae supplementation per bull per day (FD1), and 200 g microalgae supplementation per bull per day (FD2), and fed for 49 days before slaughter. The results showed that, compared with the C group, the addition of DHA-rich microalgae to the diet could significantly increase the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in meat. In the FD2 group, it was found that the concentration of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was significantly higher than that of the control group (p < 0.05). DHA-rich microalgae supplementation increased polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5 n-6), DHA, EPA + DHA, and n-3 PUFA and reduced n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio. Twenty-four volatile compounds identified in beef were mainly aldehydes, alcohols and ketones from the fingerprints. The contents of short-chain fatty aldehydes, 1-octen-3-ol and 2-pentylfuran, were higher in the FD2 group than in the other two groups. The microalgae diet improved the sensory attribute score of beef. The results demonstrated that dietary supplementation of DHA-rich microalgae improved the antioxidant status, increased the deposition of DHA and enhanced the characteristic flavor of beef.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Xu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (C.X.); (B.S.); (P.X.); (X.L.)
- China Meat Research Center, Beijing Academy of Food Sciences, Beijing 100068, China
| | - Shou Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (S.Z.); (L.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Baozhong Sun
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (C.X.); (B.S.); (P.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Peng Xie
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (C.X.); (B.S.); (P.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaochang Liu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (C.X.); (B.S.); (P.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Lan Chang
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (S.Z.); (L.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Fushan Lu
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (S.Z.); (L.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Songshan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (C.X.); (B.S.); (P.X.); (X.L.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nguyen DV, Nguyen OC, Malau-Aduli AE. Main regulatory factors of marbling level in beef cattle. Vet Anim Sci 2021; 14:100219. [PMID: 34877434 PMCID: PMC8633366 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2021.100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The content of intramuscular fat (IMF), that determines marbling levels is considered as one of the vital factors influencing beef sensory quality including tenderness, juiciness, flavour and colour. The IMF formation in cattle commences around six months after conception, and continuously grows throughout the life of the animal. The accumulation of marbling is remarkably affected by genetic, sexual, nutritional and management factors. In this review, the adipogenesis and lipogenesis process regulated by various factors and genes during fetal and growing stages is briefly presented. We also discuss the findings of recent studies on the effects of breed, gene, heritability and gender on the marbling accumulation. Various research reported that feeding during pregnancy, concentrate to roughage ratios and the supplementation or restriction of vitamin A, C, and D are crucial nutritional factors affecting the formation and development of IMF. Castration and early weaning combined with high energy feeding are effective management strategies for improving the accumulation of IMF. Furthermore, age and weight at slaughter are also reviewed because they have significant effects on marbling levels. The combination of several factors could positively affect the improvement of the IMF deposition. Therefore, advanced strategies that simultaneously apply genetic, sexual, nutritional and management factors to achieve desired IMF content without detrimental impacts on feed efficiency in high-marbling beef production are essential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Don V. Nguyen
- National Institute of Animal Science, Bac Tu Liem, Hanoi 29909, Vietnam
- Faculty of Animal Science, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia Lam, Hanoi 131000, Vietnam
| | - Oanh C. Nguyen
- Faculty of Animal Science, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia Lam, Hanoi 131000, Vietnam
| | - Aduli E.O. Malau-Aduli
- Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kim JY, Lee B, Kim DH, Lee K, Kim EJ, Choi YM. Sensory Quality and Histochemical Characteristics of Longissimus Thoracis Muscles between Hanwoo and Holstein Steers from Different Quality Grades. Food Sci Anim Resour 2021; 41:779-787. [PMID: 34632398 PMCID: PMC8460326 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2021.e35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared the meat quality characteristics, palatability, and
histochemical characteristics of low-marbled Hanwoo and Holstein steers of
different beef quality grades (1, 2, and 3). No differences were observed in
muscle pH24 h and cooking loss between the groups (p>0.05);
however, quality grade 1 of Hanwoo steers (HA1) showed a darker muscle surface
compared to grade 1 of Holstein steers (HO1) (30.9 vs. 33.9, p<0.05). The
HA2 group exhibited a lower value of Warner-Bratzler shear force compared to the
HO1 and HO3 groups (60.8 vs. 69.2 and 87.8 N, p<0.001). For sensory
quality attributes, steaks from the HA1 group showed higher scores of softness,
initial tenderness, and amount of perceptible residue than steaks from the HO1
group (p<0.001). Within the quality grade 2, Hanwoo steers had a higher
score of softness compared to Holstein steers (p<0.001). There were no
differences in juiciness and flavor intensity between Hanwoo and Holstein steers
at the same quality grade (p>0.05). This difference in tenderness
attributes between the breeds within the quality grade was associated with
morphological traits of muscle bundle, and Hanwoo steers had smaller bundle area
(0.37 vs. 0.50 mm2, p<0.05) and higher fiber number per bundle
(88.2 vs. 121, p<0.05) compared to Holstein steers. Therefore, bundle
characteristics of longissimus thoracis muscle can be crucial
for explaining factor for the explanation of tenderness variations between
different breeds at the same beef quality grade or marbling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yeong Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
| | - Boin Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, USA
| | - Kichoon Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, USA
| | - Eun Joong Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
| | - Young Min Choi
- Department of Animal Sciences and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Maskey M, Newman TS. On measuring and employing texture directionality for image classification. Pattern Anal Appl 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10044-021-01013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
9
|
Cho DK, Lee B, Kim SK, Hyeonbin O, Kim YS, Choi YM. Comparison of Quality Characteristics and Palatability between Sous-Vide Cooked Pork Loin Patties with Different Searing Treatments. Food Sci Anim Resour 2021; 41:214-223. [PMID: 33987544 PMCID: PMC8114998 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2020.e90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared the quality, cooking, textural, and palatability
characteristics between sous-vide (SV) cooked pork loin patties with different
searing treatments (ST). Before SV cooking, STs were conducted on each side of
the pork loin patties for 0 (control) to 120 s (ST120), and all patties were
then cooked using an SV cooker at 75°C for 120 min. Noticeable
differences were observed in quality properties between the groups. The seared
SV loin patties exhibited lower lightness and higher browning index values
compared to the unseared SV loin patties (p<0.001). Cooking loss
gradually increased with increasing ST times, and the control group had a lower
percentage compared to the ST60 group (19.5 vs. 25.7%, p<0.001).
Changes in cooking properties were associated with the extent of ST, and the ST
groups exhibited a higher hardness value compared to the control group
(p<0.001). Regarding palatability, loin patties from the control group
scored lower in appearance acceptability compared to patties from the ST groups
(p<0.05) due to extent of browning on the surface. Moreover, the ST
groups did exhibit a higher flavor intensity compared to the control group, but
no differences were observed in tenderness and juiciness scores between the
control and ST60 groups. Due to these results, the ST60 group exhibited a
greater score in overall acceptability compared to the other groups except for
the ST90 group. Therefore, an additional ST before SV cooking can achieve a more
appealing appearance and palatability as well as to enhance the availability of
pork loin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Kook Cho
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.,Department of Culinary, Hotel Lotte, Seoul 04533, Korea
| | - Boin Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
| | - Song Ki Kim
- Department of Culinary, Hotel Lotte, Seoul 04533, Korea
| | - O Hyeonbin
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Young Soon Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Young Min Choi
- Department of Animal Sciences and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Effect of Searing Process on Quality Characteristics and Storage Stability of Sous-Vide Cooked Pork Patties. Foods 2020; 9:foods9081011. [PMID: 32727105 PMCID: PMC7466185 DOI: 10.3390/foods9081011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of searing process before sous-vide (SV) treatment on quality traits, visual attributes, palatability, and storage stability of SV cooked pork patties. Patties were seared on each side by pan-frying for 0 (control), 30 (S30), 60 (S60), 90 (S90), or 120 (S120) s in a stainless-steel pan, and all patties were then vacuum-packed and cooked under thermally controlled conditions at 75 °C for 2 h. Marked differences were observed in quality properties between the control and searing groups, and the S120 group exhibited greater brown surface color and cooking loss compared to the other groups (p < 0.001) due to the additional heating process. Patties from the S60 group showed greater appearance and tenderness acceptability scores compared to patties from the S30 and S120 groups (p < 0.001). On another note, the effects of searing on storage stability were somewhat limited, as they were measured by 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, volatile basic nitrogen, total aerobic bacterial count, and coliforms during 49 d of cold storage. Therefore, searing process before SV treatment can improve the visual attributes and palatability of cooked pork patties, and the optimum searing condition was for 60 s, without impairing the storage stability.
Collapse
|
11
|
Park CH, Lee B, Oh E, Kim YS, Choi YM. Combined effects of sous-vide cooking conditions on meat and sensory quality characteristics of chicken breast meat. Poult Sci 2020; 99:3286-3291. [PMID: 32475464 PMCID: PMC7597729 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the combined effects of cooking temperature and time on the meat and eating quality characteristics of the sous-vide chicken breast. For the control group, chicken breast samples were cooked in a convection oven until the internal temperature reached 71°C. Each sample for sous-vide cooking was vacuum packaged and then cooked under continuous thermocontrolled conditions in a water bath at 6 combinations of cooking temperature (60 and 70°C) and time (1, 2, and 3 h). Sous-vide cooked chicken meat at 60°C for 1 h (SV60-1h) showed lower cooking loss (6.58 vs. 26.5%, P < 0.05), Warner-Bratzler shear force (21.7 vs. 29.1 N, P < 0.05), and hardness (9.40 vs. 17.3 N, P < 0.05) than meat cooked by conventional oven. Similar to the objective tenderness parameters, cooked chicken meat from the SV60 treatments for all cooking times showed higher scores in all the tenderness attributes than the control group (P < 0.05). However, a higher flavor intensity was observed in the SV70-3h and control groups than in the SV60 treatments (P < 0.05). Owing to a lesser developed flavor in chicken meat from the SV60-1h treatment, the SV60-2h and 3h treatments were assigned a higher acceptability rating for overall impression (P < 0.05). Therefore, cooking temperature and time of sous-vide significantly influenced the physicochemical and palatability characteristics of chicken breast. In this study, the optimum conditions for the sous-vide chicken breast are to continuously cook at 60°C for 2 to 3 h to improve sensory quality characteristics without reducing the water-holding capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C H Park
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Hotel and Food Service Culinary Art, Daejeon Health Institute of Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - B Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, South Korea
| | - E Oh
- Department of Animal Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, South Korea
| | - Y S Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Y M Choi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yun Y, Lee B, Kwon K, Kang S, Oh E, Choi YM. Comparison of Beef Palatability Characteristics between Longissimus Thoracis and Vastus Lateralis Muscles from Different Grades during Postmortem Aging. Food Sci Anim Resour 2020; 40:34-43. [PMID: 31970329 PMCID: PMC6957446 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2019.e78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study was to compare palatability changes of the
longissimus thoracis (LT) and vastus
lateralis (VL) muscles of Hanwoo steers from different beef quality
grades (1+ and 1) during 28 d of wet-aging in order to improve
the utilization of the VL muscle as a steak. The VL muscle showed a higher
collagen content and a lower intramuscular fat content than the LT muscle
(p<0.05). As expected, the Warner-Bratzler shear force value was greater
in the LT 1 grade (LT-1) muscle than the LT-1+ muscle
(p<0.05); whereas no difference was observed between the grades in the VL
muscle at 24 h postmortem. Compared to 0 d of aging, tenderness scores
significantly increased after 14 and 21 d of aging in the LT and VL muscles,
respectively (p<0.05). Additionally, there was no difference in
tenderness score between the VL-1+ aged for 21 d and the LT-1
at 24 h postmortem, although tenderness score was greater in the LT than the VL
at each period (p<0.05). Moreover, the VL-1+ steak
exhibited a higher tenderness score than the VL-1 steak at 21 and 28 d of aging
(p<0.05). On the other hand, the effect of aging time on juiciness and
flavor in the VL muscle was somewhat limited unlike the LT muscle. Taken
together, the VL muscle requires a longer aging time than the LT muscle to
improve consumer preference. Considering the tenderness, using a higher quality
grade for aging is more useful in the VL muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeongkwon Yun
- Korea Institute for Animal Products Quality Evaluation, Sejong 30100, Korea
| | - Boin Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
| | - Kimun Kwon
- Korea Institute for Animal Products Quality Evaluation, Sejong 30100, Korea
| | - Sejoo Kang
- Korea Institute for Animal Products Quality Evaluation, Sejong 30100, Korea
| | - Eunmi Oh
- Department of Animal Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
| | - Young Min Choi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Associations of Heat-Shock Protein Expression with Meat Quality and Sensory Quality Characteristics in Highly Marbled Longissimus Thoracis Muscle from Hanwoo Steers Categorized by Warner-Bratzler Shear Force Value. Foods 2019; 8:foods8120638. [PMID: 31817130 PMCID: PMC6963670 DOI: 10.3390/foods8120638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of heat-shock protein (HSP) concentrations at 45 min and 24 h postmortem on meat quality and sensory quality characteristics of longissimus thoracis muscle from highly marbled Hanwoo steers (beef marbling standard grade 6–8) was investigated. Muscle samples were segregated into three groups based on Warner–Bratzler shear force (WBSF) value. The low group exhibited a lower WBSF value compared to the medium and high groups (37.8 vs. 48.9 and 64.3 N, p < 0.001). Muscle pH at 45 min and 24 h postmortem was not different (p > 0.05), and all groups exhibited low ultimate pH value (pH < 5.8). Beef steaks from the low group were significantly easier to pierce and chew, and they left less perceptible residue than the high group (p < 0.05). These differences in tenderness attributes were associated with differences in small HSPs at 45 min postmortem, with the low group exhibiting a lower level of αβ-crystallin and higher levels of HSP20 and HSP27 compared with the high group (p < 0.05). No differences were observed for small HSPs, HSP70, and HSP90 at 24 h postmortem (p > 0.05). Therefore, the expression levels of small HSPs at 45 min postmortem seems to have the potential to be an indicator of tenderness in highly marbled Hanwoo beef with low ultimate pH.
Collapse
|
14
|
Greenwood PL, O’Rourke BA, Brunner J, Johns WH, Arthur PF, Cafe LM. Cellular development in muscle differs between Angus steers from low and high muscle score selection lines1. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:3199-3212. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThis study assessed cellular characteristics of longissimus lumborum (LL) and semitendinosus (ST) muscles in steers genetically selected for low (Low) or high (High) muscling using live muscle scoring, and High steers with 1 copy of the loss-of-function 821 del11 MSTN allele (HighHet). We hypothesized High and HighHet have altered muscle cellular characteristics and mechanisms influencing muscling compared with Low steers. Angus steers 25 mo old comprising 14 High, 19 Low, and 11 HighHet were backgrounded to 20 mo of age, grain finished for 150 d, and then slaughtered. Body and carcass weights did not differ due to muscling line (P = 0.46). Weight of LL was 16% greater (P = 0.004) and total protein in LL was 18% greater (P = 0.012) in HighHet than Low steers. ST weight in HighHet was 10% and 13% greater than in High and Low steers (P = 0.007), respectively, and of total ST protein 12% and 17% greater in HighHet than High or Low (P = 0.002). Cross-sectional area (CSA) of LL was greater in HighHet than in High and greater in High than in Low (85.0 vs. 77.0 vs. 70.4 cm2, P < 0.001). Apparent number of myofibers and myofibers per unit CSA did not differ between the muscling lines in LL (P = 0.14) or ST (P = 0.47). Myofiber CSA was greater in the ST of Low than of High and HighHet for type 1 (36% and 31% respectively, P = 0.005) and 2A (22% and 25%, P < 0.001). HighHet steers had greater area of glycolytic (type 2X) relative to more oxidative myofiber types within LL (P = 0.02; 11% and 43% more than High and Low, respectively) and ST (P < 0.001; 27% and 75%). Concentration of RNA in LL was 13% and 10% greater (P = 0.005) in High than in Low and HighHet, respectively, and total amount of RNA in LL was 22% greater in High and 20% greater in HighHet than in Low (P < 0.001). The LL of High steers had less protein to RNA (P = 0.03; 57.4 vs. 65.6) and more RNA to DNA (P = 0.007; 9.03 vs. 7.83) than Low. HighHet steers had 11% more DNA in ST than High (P = 0.04) and 19% more RNA in ST than Low (P = 0.012). The shift towards glycolytic myofibers was consistent with loadings in a principal component that explained 39% of the variation in LL and 38% in ST. Overall, these findings show that selection for increased muscling using live cattle muscle scoring, and 1 copy of the 821 del11 MSTN allele, results in more glycolytic muscle. They also suggest that increased muscling of the High compared with Low steers may be associated with increased translational capacity in the LL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Greenwood
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Armidale Livestock Industries Centre, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Brendon A O’Rourke
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW, Australia
| | - Joe Brunner
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Armidale Livestock Industries Centre, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - William H Johns
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Armidale Livestock Industries Centre, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul F Arthur
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW, Australia
| | - Linda M Cafe
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Armidale Livestock Industries Centre, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Choi YM, Garcia LG, Lee K. Correlations of Sensory Quality Characteristics with Intramuscular Fat Content and Bundle Characteristics in Bovine Longissimus Thoracis Muscle. Food Sci Anim Resour 2019; 39:197-208. [PMID: 31149662 PMCID: PMC6533393 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2019.e15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the relation of sensory quality traits
of cooked beef to fresh meat quality and histochemical characteristics,
especially muscle bundle traits, in the longissimus thoracis
muscle of Hanwoo steers. Cooking loss negatively correlated with softness,
initial tenderness, chewiness, rate of breakdown (RB), and amount of perceptible
residue (AR) after chewing (p<0.05), and drip loss showed negative
correlation with RB and AR (p<0.05). All the attributes of tenderness
exhibited negative correlation with the Warner-Bratzler shear force value
(p<0.05). Marbling score and the intramuscular fat (IMF) content showed
positive correlation with all the organoleptic characteristics, including
tenderness attributes, juiciness, and flavor (p<0.05). Regarding
histochemical characteristics, muscle fiber size did not have a significant
correlation with all the sensory quality traits, although the area percentage of
type I fiber was related with softness, initial tenderness, and chewiness
(p<0.05). On the contrary, the characteristics of muscle bundle were
related to all the sensory tenderness attributes (p<0.05), and the
sensory tenderness increased with smaller muscle bundle size (p<0.05).
These results suggest that the IMF content and bundle characteristics can be
used as indicators for explaining the variations in sensory tenderness in
well-marbled beef.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Min Choi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
| | | | - Kichoon Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lee B, Choi YM. Correlation of Marbling Characteristics with Meat Quality and Histochemical Characteristics in Longissimus Thoracis Muscle from Hanwoo Steers. Food Sci Anim Resour 2019; 39:151-161. [PMID: 30882083 PMCID: PMC6411248 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2019.e12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the correlations of marbling
characteristics, including marbling score, intramuscular fat (IMF) content, and
fleck traits, with meat quality traits and histochemical characteristics of the
longissimus thoracis muscle from Hanwoo steers. Marbling
fleck characteristics, especially area, number, and fineness (F) index, measured
by computerized image analysis were strongly correlated with marbling score and
IMF content (p<0.05). However, coarseness (C) index and F/C ratio were
somewhat limited relationships with marbling score. In contrast, the IMF content
and the number of smaller white flecks increased with increasing lightness value
(p<0.05). Moreover, beef with higher marbling scores showed lower cooking
loss and Warner-Bratzler shear force value compared to beef with lower marbling
scores (p<0.05). Regarding the muscle bundle traits, as number of bundle
increased, number of marbling flecks increased (p<0.05), although most
marbling characteristics did not have significant correlation with muscle fiber
or bundle characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boin Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
| | - Young Min Choi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lee B, Yoon S, Choi YM. Comparison of marbling fleck characteristics between beef marbling grades and its effect on sensory quality characteristics in high-marbled Hanwoo steer. Meat Sci 2019; 152:109-115. [PMID: 30844620 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the intramuscular fat (IMF) content and marbling fleck characteristics measured by computerized image analysis among the eight grades of Korean beef marbling standard (BMS). Additionally, this study examined the effects of the marbling fleck characteristics on objective tenderness parameters and sensory quality characteristics in high-marbled Hanwoo steers (BMS grades 7 to 9). Marked differences were observed in marbling fleck characteristics among the BMS grades (P < .05), whereas the coarseness was similar in high-marbled beef (P > .05). Due to a greater extent of coarse marbling fleck, coarse marbled steaks from high-marbled cattle were assigned higher scores of tenderness attributes, including softness, initial tenderness, and chewiness, as well as mouth coating, but were assigned lower acceptability ratings for IMF content and overall impression compared to fine marbled steaks (P < .05). Taken together, considering the marbling fleck traits can be an effective tool for improving the accuracy of beef grading systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, Kyungpook National University, South Korea
| | - S Yoon
- Korea Institute for Animal Products Quality Evaluation, South Korea
| | - Y M Choi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Kyungpook National University, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lee B, Yoon S, Lee Y, Oh E, Yun YK, Kim BD, Kuchida K, Oh HK, Choe J, Choi YM. Comparison of Marbling Fleck Characteristics and Objective Tenderness Parameters with Different Marbling Coarseness within Longissimus thoracis Muscle of High-marbled Hanwoo Steer. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2018; 38:606-614. [PMID: 30018503 PMCID: PMC6048382 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2018.38.3.606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is important to understand how marbling traits and tenderness differ among
beef steaks from the carcass grading site and other regions within the
longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle, as these characteristics
are closely associated with consumer acceptability and willingness to purchase.
Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the marbling fleck traits and
objective tenderness parameters in the groups classified by the coarseness index
(CI) of marbling fleck (high and low groups) at the carcass grading site
(13th thoracic vertebra; 13T) and three different locations (13T,
9T, and 6T) within the LT muscle from well-marbled (marbling score 7 to 9)
Hanwoo steer. Image analysis showed that the longitudinal locations had a
significant effect on marbling fleck traits. The total area of large marbling
fleck divided by the total marbling area (coarseness) was higher at the central
region (13T to 12T) compared to the front thoracic region (6T to 5T) in the high
CI group (0.23 vs. 0.17, p<0.05), whereas no significant
differences were observed in the total number of marbling fleck within the LT
muscle in the high or low CI groups (p>0.05). Location effect
on objective tenderness parameters within the LT muscle was somewhat limited,
although the high CI group had a lower Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBS) value
than did the low group (p<0.05). Taken together, the
degree of coarseness of marbling fleck decreased from the carcass grading site
to the front thoracic site, whereas the objective tenderness parameters,
including WBS and hardness, of the grading site did not differ from the other
regions within the LT muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boin Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
| | - Sungho Yoon
- Korea Institute for Animal Products Quality Evaluation, Sejong 30100, Korea
| | - Younkyung Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
| | - Eunmi Oh
- Department of Animal Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Yun
- Korea Institute for Animal Products Quality Evaluation, Sejong 30100, Korea
| | - Byoung Do Kim
- Korea Institute for Animal Products Quality Evaluation, Sejong 30100, Korea
| | - Keigo Kuchida
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro-Shi 080-8555, Japan
| | - Hee Kyung Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Jangan University, Hwaseong 18331, Korea
| | - Jeehwan Choe
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Young Min Choi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
| |
Collapse
|