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Zhu Y, Gu M, Su Y, Li Z, Xiao Z, Lu F, Han C. Recent advances in spoilage mechanisms and preservation technologies in beef quality: A review. Meat Sci 2024; 213:109481. [PMID: 38461675 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2024.109481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Beef is a popular meat product that can spoil and lose quality during postharvest handling and storage. This review examines different preservation methods for beef, from conventional techniques like low-temperature preservation, irradiation, vacuum packing, and chemical preservatives, to novel approaches like bacteriocin, essential oil, and non-thermal technologies. It also discusses how these methods work and affect beef quality. The review shows that beef spoilage is mainly due to enzymatic and microbial activities that impact beef freshness, texture, and quality. Although traditional preservation methods can extend beef shelf life, they have some drawbacks and limitations. Therefore, innovative preservation methods have been created and tested to improve beef quality and safety. These methods have promising results and potential applications in the beef industry. However, more research is needed to overcome the challenges and barriers for their commercialization. This review gives a comprehensive and critical overview of the current and emerging preservation methods for beef and their implications for the beef supply chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Zhu
- College of Grain Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, China
| | - Mengqing Gu
- College of Grain Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, China
| | - Yuhan Su
- College of Grain Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, China
| | - Zhe Li
- College of Grain Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, China; Shenyang Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Deep Processing, Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, China
| | - Zhigang Xiao
- College of Grain Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, China; Shenyang Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Deep Processing, Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, China
| | - Fei Lu
- College of Grain Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, China; Shenyang Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Deep Processing, Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, China.
| | - Chunyang Han
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Health Care Food Science and Technology, Hezhou, Guangxi 542899, China.
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The role of PhoP/PhoQ system in regulating stress adaptation response in Escherichia coli O157:H7. Food Microbiol 2023; 112:104244. [PMID: 36906298 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of acid tolerance response (ATR) as a result of low pH in Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) contaminating beef during processing is considered a major food safety concern. Thus, in order to explore the formation and molecular mechanisms of the tolerance response of E. coli O157:H7 in a simulated beef processing environment, the resistance of a wild-type (WT) strain and its corresponding ΔphoP mutant to acid, heat, and osmotic pressure was evaluated. Strains were pre-adapted under different conditions of pH (5.4 and 7.0), temperature (37 °C and 10 °C), and culture medium (meat extract and Luria-Bertani broth media). In addition, the expression of genes related to stress response and virulence was also investigated among WT and ΔphoP strains under the tested conditions. Pre-acid adaptation increased the resistance of E. coli O157:H7 to acid and heat treatment while resistance to osmotic pressure decreased. Moreover, acid adaptation in meat extract medium simulating slaughter environment increased ATR, whereas pre-adaptation at 10 °C reduced the ATR. Furthermore, it was shown that mildly acidic conditions (pH = 5.4) and the PhoP/PhoQ two-component system (TCS) acted synergistically to enhance acid and heat tolerance in E. coli O157:H7. Additionally, the expression of genes related to arginine and lysine metabolism, heat shock, and invasiveness was up-regulated, which revealed that the mechanism of acid resistance and cross-protection under mildly acidic conditions was mediated by the PhoP/PhoQ TCS. Both acid adaptation and phoP gene knockout reduced the relative expression of stx1 and stx2 genes which were considered as critical pathogenic factors. Collectively, the current findings indicated that ATR could occur in E. coli O157:H7 during beef processing. Thus, there is an increased food safety risk due to the persistence of tolerance response in the following processing conditions. The present study provides a more comprehensive basis for the effective application of hurdle technology in beef processing.
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Han J, Dong P, Holman BWB, Yang H, Chen X, Zhu L, Luo X, Mao Y, Zhang Y. Processing interventions for enhanced microbiological safety of beef carcasses and beef products: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:2105-2129. [PMID: 36148812 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2121258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Chilled beef is inevitably contaminated with microorganisms, starting from the very beginning of the slaughter line. A lot of studies have aimed to improve meat safety and extend the shelf life of chilled beef, of which some have focused on improving the decontamination effects using traditional decontamination interventions, and others have investigated newer technologies and methods, that offer greater energy efficiency, lower environmental impacts, and better assurances for the decontamination of beef carcasses and cuts. To inform industry, there is an urgent need to review these interventions, analyze the merits and demerits of each technology, and provide insight into 'best practice' to preserve microbial safety and beef quality. In this review, the strategies and procedures used to inhibit the growth of microorganisms on beef, from slaughter to storage, have been critiqued. Critical aspects, where there is a lack of data, have been highlighted to help guide future research. It is also acknowledge that different intervention programs for microbiological safety have different applications, dependent on the initial microbial load, the type of infrastructures, and different stages of beef processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Han
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
- National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Pengcheng Dong
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
- National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Benjamin W B Holman
- Centre for Red Meat and Sheep Development, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Cowra, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Huixuan Yang
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
- National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xue Chen
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
- National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Lixian Zhu
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
- National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xin Luo
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
- National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yanwei Mao
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
- National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
- National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, P. R. China
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4
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Effects of low-energy electron beam irradiation on the shelf-life and quality of vacuum-packaged beef steaks during chilled storage. Meat Sci 2022; 193:108932. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.108932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Zhu L, Niu L, Luo X, Dong P. The acid tolerance responses of the Salmonella strains isolated from beef processing plants. Food Microbiol 2022; 104:103977. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.103977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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6
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Bangar SP, Suri S, Trif M, Ozogul F. Organic acids production from lactic acid bacteria: A preservation approach. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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The Use of Organic Acids (Lactic and Acetic) as a Microbial Decontaminant during the Slaughter of Meat Animal Species: A Review. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102293. [PMID: 34681342 PMCID: PMC8534660 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild ungulate species provide a much-needed protein source to many communities in developed and developing countries. Frequently, these game meat animals are slaughtered, and the meat is unknowingly contaminated by microorganisms and released to the unsuspecting public. This review investigates the global usage of organic acids (lactic and acetic acids) as microbial decontamination strategies during slaughter. The results show that there is a more open-minded approach to adopting possible decontamination plans as a tool to improve meat safety during slaughter. Developed countries continue to adopt these strategies, while developing countries are lagging behind. While decontamination of carcasses can lead to a reduction of microbial load on these carcasses, this strategy must not be seen as a replacement of hygiene management during the animals’ slaughter.
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Han J, Liu Y, Zhu L, Liang R, Dong P, Niu L, Hopkins DL, Luo X, Zhang Y. Effects of spraying lactic acid and peroxyacetic acid on the quality and microbial community dynamics of vacuum skin-packaged chilled beef during storage. Food Res Int 2021; 142:110205. [PMID: 33773680 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A long shelf life for fresh meat products is very important both to processors, retailers and consumers. In this work, the effect of repeat acid spraying on the shelf life of vacuum skin-packaged (VSP) chilled beef, as well as the quality and microbial community dynamics was evaluated. Carcasses were sprayed with 300 ppm peroxyacetic acid (PA) or 3% lactic acid (LA) three times during the chilling process, or one more time of LA spray before packaging (LLA). Quality, sensory attributes and microbial load of VSP beef during 32 days of storage at 4 °C were evaluated. The results showed that quality and sensory scores decreased over time for all treatments, but LLA treated samples were still above the rejection threshold at the end of the storage period. Moreover, the total volatile basic nitrogen value and the total viable counts were 15.0 mg/100 g and 7.2 log CFU/g for the control group, while acid treated groups remained below these two values until the end of the storage period. In particular LLA treated beef steaks exhibited the best preservation potential even at the end of storage. This is attributed to the reduction of Proteobacteria in LLA beef steaks shown by the bacterial diversity analysis via high-throughput sequencing, as well as the lower counts of B. thermosphacta and Enterobacteriaceae during storage. This indicates that LLA treatment has the potential to achieve a shelf life extension of VSP steaks without impacting on quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Han
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Yunge Liu
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Lixian Zhu
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Rongrong Liang
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Pengcheng Dong
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Lebao Niu
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - David L Hopkins
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China; Centre for Red Meat and Sheep Development, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Cowra, NSW 2794, Australia
| | - Xin Luo
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, PR China.
| | - Yimin Zhang
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
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Li R, Wang C, Zhou G, Li C, Ye K. The effects of thermal treatment on the bacterial community and quality characteristics of meatballs during storage. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:564-573. [PMID: 33473317 PMCID: PMC7802568 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal treatment is a widely applied food processing technology in the meat industry due to its convenience. However, the interpretation of the changes in the bacterial community and quality properties in the thermal processed meat products have not been well established. Therefore, the effects of thermal treatment on the quality characteristics and bacterial communities in meatballs during storage at 4°C were investigated, which will provide a more comprehensive understanding of the influence of thermal treatment on the meat quality. Thermal treatment (121°C, 15 min) decreased the initial total viable bacterial counts by 2.1 log CFU/g and the diversity of the initial bacterial communities in meatballs. Compared with the thermal treatment group, a significantly more rapidly increasing trend of total volatile basic nitrogen and a decreasing trend of pH were observed in the control group. At the end of storage, the bacterial community was dominated by Streptococcus, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas in the thermal treatment meatballs, whereas Pseudomonas, Pantoea, and Serratia. dominated the bacterial community of the control group. Besides, the predicted metabolic pathways revealed high levels of carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid metabolism in the control group. This finding could contribute to a deep understanding of the influence of thermal treatment on the meat quality. Moreover, these results could provide a theoretical foundation for the development of alternative and novel nonthermal processing technologies for use in the meat industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality ControlMinistry of EducationNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety ControlNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Chong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality ControlMinistry of EducationNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety ControlNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Guanghong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality ControlMinistry of EducationNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety ControlNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Chunbao Li
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality ControlMinistry of EducationNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety ControlNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Keping Ye
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality ControlMinistry of EducationNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety ControlNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
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Castro VS, Mutz YDS, Rosario DKA, Cunha-Neto A, Figueiredo EEDS, Conte-Junior CA. Inactivation of Multi-Drug Resistant Non-Typhoidal Salmonella and Wild-Type Escherichia coli STEC Using Organic Acids: A Potential Alternative to the Food Industry. Pathogens 2020; 9:E849. [PMID: 33081230 PMCID: PMC7602699 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9100849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella and Escherichia coli are the main bacterial species involved in food outbreaks worldwide. Recent reports showed that chemical sanitizers commonly used to control these pathogens could induce antibiotic resistance. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the efficiency of chemical sanitizers and organic acids when inactivating wild and clinical strains of Salmonella and E. coli, targeting a 4-log reduction. To achieve this goal, three methods were applied. (i) Disk-diffusion challenge for organic acids. (ii) Determination of MIC for two acids (acetic and lactic), as well as two sanitizers (quaternary compound and sodium hypochlorite). (iii) The development of inactivation models from the previously defined concentrations. In disk-diffusion, the results indicated that wild strains have higher resistance potential when compared to clinical strains. Regarding the models, quaternary ammonium and lactic acid showed a linear pattern of inactivation, while sodium hypochlorite had a linear pattern with tail dispersion, and acetic acid has Weibull dispersion to E. coli. The concentration to 4-log reduction differed from Salmonella and E. coli in acetic acid and sodium hypochlorite. The use of organic acids is an alternative method for antimicrobial control. Our study indicates the levels of organic acids and sanitizers to be used in the inactivation of emerging foodborne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Silva Castro
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil; (V.S.C.); (Y.d.S.M.); (D.K.A.R.)
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso 78060-900, Brazil;
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso 78060-900, Brazil;
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro 24230-340, Brazil
| | - Yhan da Silva Mutz
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil; (V.S.C.); (Y.d.S.M.); (D.K.A.R.)
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro 24230-340, Brazil
| | - Denes Kaic Alves Rosario
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil; (V.S.C.); (Y.d.S.M.); (D.K.A.R.)
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro 24230-340, Brazil
| | - Adelino Cunha-Neto
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso 78060-900, Brazil;
| | - Eduardo Eustáquio de Souza Figueiredo
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso 78060-900, Brazil;
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso 78060-900, Brazil;
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil; (V.S.C.); (Y.d.S.M.); (D.K.A.R.)
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro 24230-340, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
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Singh M, Novoa Rama E, Kataria J, Leone C, Thippareddi H. Emerging Meat Processing Technologies for Microbiological Safety of Meat and Meat Products. MEAT AND MUSCLE BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.22175/mmb.11180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A consumer trend toward convenient, minimally processed meat products has exerted tremendous pressure on meat processors to ensure the safety of meat and meat products without compromising product quality and the meeting of consumer demands. This has led to challenges in developing and implementing novel processing technologies as the use of newer technologies may affect consumer choices and opinions of meat and meat products. Novel technologies adopted by the meat industry for controlling foodborne pathogens of significant public health implications, gaps in the technologies, and the need for scaling up technologies that have been proven to be successful in research settings or at the pilot scale will be discussed. Novel processing technologies in the meat industry warrant microbiological validation prior to becoming commercially viable options and enacting infrastructural changes. This review presents the advantages and shortcomings of such technologies and provides an overview of technologies that can be successfully implemented and streamlined in existing processing environments.
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