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Zhang P, Liu L, Sheng H, Zhang M, Wang T, Chang G, Wang Y, Bai L, Wang X. Antibiotic Resistance and Genomic Analysis of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli from Dairy Cattle, Raw Milk, and Farm Environment in Shaanxi Province, China. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2024. [PMID: 39042484 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the epidemiology of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in dairy cattle, 975 samples (185 feces, 34 silage, 36 cattle drinking water, 360 raw milk, and 360 teat skin swabs) were collected from two dairy farms in Baoji and Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China, and were screened for STEC. Whole-genome sequencing was used to analyze the genomic characteristics and potential transmission of STEC isolates. A total of 32 samples were contaminated with STEC, including 4.0% (19/479) in Farm A and 2.6% (13/496) in Farm B. Compared with adult cows (4.5%), nonadult cows had a higher rate (21.3%) of STEC colonization. A total of 14 serotypes and 11 multilocus sequence typing were identified in 32 STEC isolates, among which O55:H12 (25.0%) and ST101 (31.3%) were the most predominant, respectively. Six stx subtypes/combinations were identified, including stx1a (53.1%), stx2g (15.6%), stx2d, stx2a+stx2d, stx1a+stx2a (6.3%, for each), and stx2a (3.1%). Of 32 STEC isolates, 159 virulence genes and 27 antibiotic resistance genes were detected. Overall, STEC isolates showed low levels of resistance to the 16 antibiotics tested (0-40.6%), with most common resistance to ampicillin (40.6%). The phylogenetic analysis confirmed that STEC in the gut of cattle can be transmitted through feces. The results of this study help to improve our understanding of the epidemiological aspects of STEC in dairy cattle and provide early warning and control of the prevalence and spread of the bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- College of Food Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Lisha Liu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Huanjing Sheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Guanhong Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yeru Wang
- National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Li Bai
- National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Jiang X, Zhang Y, Nychas GJE, Zhu L, Mao Y, Li K, Yang X, Luo X, Dong P. Study of the transfer of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli during the slaughter of cattle using molecular typing combined with epidemiologic data. Meat Sci 2024; 208:109378. [PMID: 37952270 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Investigation on the distribution and biological characteristics of Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) during beef processing is essential for in-plant critical control points and food safety risk assessment. Serogroups and subtypes of stx genes of STEC strains isolated from beef processing lines were first investigated. Identification to cross-contamination among different sampling sites was further conducted by combining multilocus sequence typing (MLST) with the previous distribution and characterization data. The PCR-positive rate for STEC in 435 samples from two slaughter plants in China was 14.3% and the isolation rate for the 62 PCR positive and the entire set of 435 samples were 26% and 3.68% respectively. The existence of serotype O157:H7 (33%) and serogroups O121 (42%) and O26 (21%) as well as the high detection rate of high pathogenic gene stx2a (68%) in these serogroups indicated potential risk to the safety of beef. Traceability analysis showed that hide plays a critical role in cross-contamination between feces, lairage pens and post-washing carcasses from a molecular perspective. Intervening measures revolves around de-hiding should be involved in the in-plant safety control policy according to the tracing analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Jiang
- Laboratory of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- Laboratory of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - George-John E Nychas
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Lixian Zhu
- Laboratory of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Yanwei Mao
- Laboratory of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Ke Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Xiaoyin Yang
- Laboratory of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Xin Luo
- Laboratory of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Pengcheng Dong
- Laboratory of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
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The Effect of High-Pressure Processing on the Survival of Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Steak Tartare: The Good- or Best-Case Scenario? Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020377. [PMID: 36838342 PMCID: PMC9964116 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Samples of steak tartare were artificially contaminated with a cocktail of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O91, O146, O153, and O156 to the level of 3 log and 6 log CFU/g. Immediately after vacuum packing, high-pressure processing (HPP) was performed at 400 or 600 MPa/5 min. Some of the samples not treated with HPP were cooked under conditions of 55 °C for 1, 3, or 6 h. HPP of 400 MPa/5 min resulted in a 1-2 log reduction in the STEC count. In contrast, HPP of 600 MPa/5 min led to the elimination of STEC even when inoculated to 6 log CFU/g. Nevertheless, sub-lethally damaged cells were resuscitated after enrichment, and STEC was observed in all samples regardless of the pressure used. STEC was not detected in the samples cooked in a 55 °C water bath for 6 h, even after enrichment. Unfortunately, the temperature of 55 °C negatively affected the texture of the steak tartare. Further experiments are necessary to find an optimal treatment for steak tartare to assure its food safety while preserving the character and quality of this attractive product.
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Wu J, Zeng H, Qian X, Li Y, Xue F, Ren J, Dai J, Tang F. Pre-treatment with phages achieved greater protection of mice against infection with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli than post-treatment. Res Vet Sci 2022; 150:72-78. [PMID: 35809415 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a group of pathogen that can cause various diseases in both humans and animals, such as watery diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and uremia syndrome. Due to the serious situation of antibiotic resistance, phage therapy is considered to have a great potential in combating bacterial diseases. In this study, three phages (NJ-10, NJ-20, and NJ-38) with strong abilities to lyse virulent STEC strain CVCC193 cells in vitro were isolated. Subsequently, the therapeutic effects of the three phages were investigated in mice infected with CVCC193 cells. The results showed that the survival rates of mice injected with the phages at 3 h after challenge with CVCC193 cells were 40%-50%, while the survival rates of mice injected with the phages at 24 h before challenge were 80%-100%, indicating that pre-treatment with phages had better therapeutic effects than post-treatment. Pathological changes, bacterial loads in different organs, and serum levels of inflammatory factors of the infected mice were also detected. The results showed that the mice injected with the phages at 3 h after or 24 h before challenge with CVCC193 cells had significantly decreased organ lesions, bacterial loads, and serum levels of inflammatory factors as compared to infected mice without phage treatment. These results suggested that phages NJ-10, NJ-20, and NJ-38 can potentially protect against STEC infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoling Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hang Zeng
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinjie Qian
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yihao Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Feng Xue
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jianluan Ren
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jianjun Dai
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fang Tang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Hu B, Yang X, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Jiang D, Jiao H, Yang Y, Xiong Y, Bai X, Hou P. High prevalence and pathogenic potential of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains in raw mutton and beef in Shandong, China. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:1596-1602. [PMID: 36161222 PMCID: PMC9493282 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a foodborne pathogen that can cause severe human diseases such as hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Human STEC infections are frequently caused through consumption of contaminated foods, especially raw meats. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of STEC in raw meats and to characterize the meat-derived STEC strains using whole genome sequencing. Our study showed that 26.6% of raw mutton, and 7.5% of raw beef samples were culture-positive for STEC. Thirteen serotypes were identified in 22 meat-derived isolates in this study, including the virulent serotypes O157:H7 and O26:H11. Seven Shiga toxin (Stx) subtypes were found in 22 isolates, of these, stx1c and stx1c + stx2b were predominant. The recently-reported stx2k subtype was found in three mutton-sourced isolates. A number of other virulence genes such as genes encoding intimin (eae), enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) hemolysin (ehxA), EHEC factor for adherence (efa1), heat-stable enterotoxin 1 (astA), type III secretion system effectors, were detected in meat-derived STEC strains. One mutton-sourced isolate was resistant to three antibiotics, i.e., tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Whole-genome phylogeny indicated the genomic diversity of meat-derived strains in this study. O157:H7 and O26:H11 isolates in this study were phylogenetically grouped together with strains from HUS patients, suggesting their pathogenic potential. To conclude, our study reported high STEC contaminations in retail raw meats, particularly raw mutton, genomic characterization indicated pathogenic potential of meat-derived STEC strains. These findings highlight the critical need for increased monitoring of STEC in retail raw meats in China. High prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) was detected in raw mutton, compared to beef. Virulent serotypes O157:H7 and O26:H11 were found in meat-sourced STEC isolates. Meat-sourced STEC isolates in the same region exhibited genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Xi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yuanqing Zhang
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Deshui Jiang
- Lanling Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanling, 277700, Shandong, China
| | - Hongbo Jiao
- Lanling Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanling, 277700, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Yanwen Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xiangning Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 141 52, Stockholm, Sweden
- Corresponding author. State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Peibin Hou
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
- Corresponding author. Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
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Jiang Y, Ma Y, Liu Q, Li T, Li Y, Guo K, Zhang Y. Tracing Clostridium perfringens strains from beef processing of slaughter house by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and the distribution and toxinotype of isolates in Shaanxi province, China. Food Microbiol 2021; 101:103887. [PMID: 34579847 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2021.103887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution and specify the transmission and cross-contamination of Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) in the beef slaughtering and butchering process. The prevalence of 21.2% (150/708) yielded 208 isolates of C. perfringens, including 80.8% type A and 19.2% type D, 0.4% (3/708) samples carried both type A and D strains, and 72.5% type D isolates carried both cpe and atyp.cpb2 genes. C. perfringens were identified through the whole slaughtering process but no type F (cpe and cpa isolates) was found. 69 isolates were further analyzed and classified into 28 PFGE genotypes and clade I contained 94.2% isolates and 24 PFGE genotypes, which showed the genetic diversity and epidemic correlation. Our study traced C. perfringens contamination along the handling processes and showed a gradually ascending contamination rate during the whole process, revealing widespread cross-contamination from the feces and hides of slaughtered cattle to the carcass in the slaughtering workshop, so as from tools and personnel to meat of the cutting workshops. Strains from different slaughterhouses (regions) have high homology, and type A is the predominant toxinotype. It is necessary to monitor and control several key points of cross-contamination during slaughtering process to reduce a risk of C. perfringens infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfen Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yinghui Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianmei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiming Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kangkang Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yanming Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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Tong P, Zhang L, Xie J, Zhang M, Tang X, Liu Y, Xia L, Su Z. Molecular Characteristics and Virulence Gene Analysis of Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli from Cattle in Xinjiang. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2021; 18:867-872. [PMID: 34415781 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2021.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-O157 Shiga toxin (stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is recognized as an important human diarrheal pathogen. Cattle are the principal reservoirs of STEC, although other animals can be carriers. Humans are mainly infected by consuming contaminated drinking water or food. This study aimed to evaluate the virulence potential of isolated bovine non-O157 STEC to humans in Xinjiang. During 2015-2017, 978 rectal swab samples collected from cattle of 5 farms were screened for the presence of Shiga toxin-encoding genes by polymerase chain reaction. Strains identified as STEC were isolated from rectal swab samples, and were characterized for stx subtype, virulence genes, O serogroup, phylogenetic group, and hemolytic phenotype. Among 125 non-O157 STEC isolates, the prevalence percentages of stx1 and stx2 were 22 and 21, respectively, and 57% of the isolates carried both Shiga toxins. The stx subtypes were mainly found in the combination of stx1a/stx2a (57%), stx2a (20%), stx1a (22%), stx1a/stx2a/stx2c (1%), and stx2a/stx2c (1%). The enterohemolysin (ehxA) gene was found in 94% of the isolates. No intimin (eae) was detected. Hemolysis was observed in 33% of the isolates. Two STEC serogroups O145 (17%) and O113 (2%) were found, which were reported to be associated with outbreaks of human disease. Phylotyping assays showed that most strains largely belong to groups A (91%) and B1 (7%). The results of this study can help improve our understanding of the epidemiological aspects of bovine STEC and devise strategies for protection against it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jinxin Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xuelin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yingyu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Lining Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhanqiang Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
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