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Liñán-Atero R, Aghababaei F, García SR, Hasiri Z, Ziogkas D, Moreno A, Hadidi M. Clove Essential Oil: Chemical Profile, Biological Activities, Encapsulation Strategies, and Food Applications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:488. [PMID: 38671935 PMCID: PMC11047511 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants have proven to be important sources for discovering new compounds that are useful in the treatment of various diseases due to their phytoconstituents. Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.), an aromatic plant widely cultivated around the world, has been traditionally used for food preservation and medicinal purposes. In particular, clove essential oil (CEO) has attracted attention for containing various bioactive compounds, such as phenolics (eugenol and eugenol acetate), terpenes (β-caryophyllene and α-humulene), and hydrocarbons. These constituents have found applications in cosmetics, food, and medicine industries due to their bioactivity. Pharmacologically, CEO has been tested against a variety of parasites and pathogenic microorganisms, demonstrating antibacterial and antifungal properties. Additionally, many studies have also demonstrated the analgesic, antioxidant, anticancer, antiseptic, and anti-inflammatory effects of this essential oil. However, CEO could degrade for different reasons, impacting its quality and bioactivity. To address this challenge, encapsulation is viewed as a promising strategy that could prolong the shelf life of CEO, improving its physicochemical stability and application in various areas. This review examines the phytochemical composition and biological activities of CEO and its constituents, as well as extraction methods to obtain it. Moreover, encapsulation strategies for CEO and numerous applications in different food fields are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Liñán-Atero
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (R.L.-A.); (S.R.G.); (D.Z.)
| | | | - Samuel Rodríguez García
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (R.L.-A.); (S.R.G.); (D.Z.)
| | - Zahra Hasiri
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord 88137-33395, Iran;
| | - Dimitrios Ziogkas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (R.L.-A.); (S.R.G.); (D.Z.)
| | - Andres Moreno
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (R.L.-A.); (S.R.G.); (D.Z.)
| | - Milad Hadidi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (R.L.-A.); (S.R.G.); (D.Z.)
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Pan D, Ma J, Diao J, Li J, Chen H. Effects of eugenol on the structure and gelling properties of myofibrillar proteins under hydroxyl radical-induced oxidative stress. Food Chem X 2023; 20:100946. [PMID: 38144764 PMCID: PMC10740110 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of eugenol (EG; 0, 5, 20, and 50 mg/g protein) on the structure and gel properties of pork myofibrillar protein (MPs) under a hydroxyl radical-generating system were explored in this study. The results revealed that the addition of a high concentration of EG (50 mg/g protein) markedly reduced the carbonyl content and enhanced the fluorescence intensity, surface hydrophobicity, and protected the secondary structure of MPs, compared to oxidized MPs. In addition, the high concentration group noticeably increased the storage modulus (G'), gel strength, and water-holding capacity (WHC), and significantly hindered the oxidation-induced transformation of immobilized water of the MPs gel to free water and basically favored the formation of a finer and more homogeneous three-dimensional network structure, This work verified that the adding of EG could effectively improve the gel quality of oxidized MPs and more successfully delay oxidation-induced damage to muscle protein structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyin Pan
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
- Heilongjiang Food and Biotechnology Innovation and Research Center (International Cooperation), Daqing, HeilongJiang 163319, China
| | - Jinming Ma
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
- Heilongjiang Food and Biotechnology Innovation and Research Center (International Cooperation), Daqing, HeilongJiang 163319, China
| | - Jingjing Diao
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
- Heilongjiang Food and Biotechnology Innovation and Research Center (International Cooperation), Daqing, HeilongJiang 163319, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
- Heilongjiang Food and Biotechnology Innovation and Research Center (International Cooperation), Daqing, HeilongJiang 163319, China
| | - Hongsheng Chen
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
- Heilongjiang Food and Biotechnology Innovation and Research Center (International Cooperation), Daqing, HeilongJiang 163319, China
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Webb EC, Hassen A, Olaniyi MO, Pophiwa P. Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Azadirachta indica and Moringa oleifera Leaf Extracts on the Carcass Quality and Fatty Acid Composition of Lambs Fed High Forage Total Mixed Rations. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162039. [PMID: 36009629 PMCID: PMC9404412 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increased interest in the use of medicinal plants as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters and as agents for methane production mitigation. This study investigated the effects of Azadirachta indica and Moringa oleifera feed additives on the carcass and meat quality of lambs. Forty South African Mutton Merino lambs, weighing between 29 and 43 kg, were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (n = 10 lambs/treatment) and fed a basal total mixed ration (TMR) containing soybean meal (17%), yellow maize (28%), Alfalfa hay (20%), Eragrostis curvula hay (22.2%), molasses (6.0%), wheat offal (5%), urea (0.8%) and vitamin premix (0.5%) on a DM basis. The dietary treatments: TMR diet (control); TMR diet with A. indica leaf extract (A. indica leaf extract at a dosage of 50 mg per kg of feed: neem); TMR diet with M. oleifera leaf extract (M. oleifera leaf extract at a dosage of 50 mg per kg DM of feed: moringa); TMR diet with monensin (at a dosage of 50 mg monensin sodium per kg of feed: positive control). After an adaptation period of 10 days to the experimental conditions, the lambs from all treatment groups were fed ad libitum with the experimental diets. The lambs were slaughtered at a live weight of 60−65 kg after a 23 week trial period. The plant extract dietary additives had no significant effects on the carcass characteristics of the lambs. In comparison to monensin, supplementing with moringa leaf extracts resulted in a higher proportion of C18:1n9c (45.0% ± 0.57 vs. 40.5% ± 0.80; p < 0.05), total MUFAs (47.3% ± 0.66 vs. 42.6% ± 0.87; p < 0.05), and UFA:SFA ratio (1.01 ± 0.03 vs. 0.85 ± 0.03; p < 0.05), which may be beneficial for human health. Our results suggest that natural feed additives, such as A. indica and M. oleifera leaf extracts, can be included in lamb diets without compromising meat fatty acid composition. The negative economic impacts of such technologies on animal production and farm profitability should not be expected.
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Alves‐Silva GF, Santos LG, Martins VG, Cortez‐Vega WR. Cassava starch films incorporated with clove essential oil and nanoclay as a strategy to increase the shelf life of strawberries. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.16014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Fernanda Alves‐Silva
- Laboratory of Food Technology, School of Chemistry and Food Federal University of Rio Grande Rio Grande RS 96203‐900 Brazil
| | - Luan Gustavo Santos
- Laboratory of Food Technology, School of Chemistry and Food Federal University of Rio Grande Rio Grande RS 96203‐900 Brazil
| | - Vilásia Guimarães Martins
- Laboratory of Food Technology, School of Chemistry and Food Federal University of Rio Grande Rio Grande RS 96203‐900 Brazil
| | - William Renzo Cortez‐Vega
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineer Federal University of Grande Dourados Dourados MS 79804‐970 Brazil
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A Meta-Analysis of Essential Oils Use for Beef Cattle Feed: Rumen Fermentation, Blood Metabolites, Meat Quality, Performance and, Environmental and Economic Impact. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8060254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to see how dietary supplementation with essential oils (EOs) affected rumen fermentation, blood metabolites, growth performance and meat quality of beef cattle through a meta-analysis. In addition, a simulation analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of EOs on the economic and environmental impact of beef production. Data were extracted from 34 peer-reviewed studies and analyzed using random-effects statistical models to assess the weighted mean difference (WMD) between control and EOs treatments. Dietary supplementation of EOs increased (p < 0.01) dry matter intake (WMD = 0.209 kg/d), final body weight (WMD = 12.843 kg), daily weight gain (WMD = 0.087 kg/d), feed efficiency (WMD = 0.004 kg/kg), hot carcass weight (WMD = 5.45 kg), and Longissimus dorsi muscle area (WMD = 3.48 cm2). Lower (p < 0.05) ruminal concentration of ammonia nitrogen (WMD = −1.18 mg/dL), acetate (WMD = −4.37 mol/100 mol) and total protozoa (WMD = −2.17 × 105/mL), and higher concentration of propionate (WMD = 0.878 mol/100 mol, p < 0.001) were observed in response to EOs supplementation. Serum urea concentration (WMD = −1.35 mg/dL, p = 0.026) and haptoglobin (WMD = −39.67 μg/mL, p = 0.031) were lower in cattle supplemented with EOs. In meat, EOs supplementation reduced (p < 0.001) cooking loss (WMD = −61.765 g/kg), shear force (WMD = −0.211 kgf/cm2), and malondialdehyde content (WMD = −0.040 mg/kg), but did not affect pH, color (L* a* and b*), or chemical composition (p > 0.05). Simulation analysis showed that EOs increased economic income by 1.44% and reduced the environmental footprint by 0.83%. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of EOs improves productive performance and rumen fermentation, while increasing the economic profitability and reducing the environmental impact of beef cattle. In addition, supplementation with EOs improves beef tenderness and oxidative stability.
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Avila VD, Carvalho VM, Bonin E, Moreira LS, Mottin C, Ramos AVG, Meniqueti AB, Baldoqui DC, Comar JF, do Prado IN. Mix of natural extracts to improve the oxidative state and liver activity in bulls finished feedlot. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.104895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Beef from Calves Finished with a Diet Based on Concentrate Rich in Agro-Industrial By-Products: Acceptability and Quality Label Preferences in Spanish Meat Consumers. Animals (Basel) 2021; 12:ani12010006. [PMID: 35011112 PMCID: PMC8749768 DOI: 10.3390/ani12010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjoint analysis was used to estimate the relative importance of some of the main extrinsic attributes and quality labels of beef in three Spanish cities (Córdoba, Marbella, and Santa Pola) in a study performed with 300 individuals. Consumers were segmented according to their frequency of consumption. Willingness to pay for different meats was also calculated from the conjoint analysis results. Consumer liking of beef that had been finished with an alternative concentrate rich in agro-industrial by-products and aged for three different durations as compared to conventionally finished beef was also evaluated using the same consumers. The most important attribute for Spanish consumers was the price (28%), followed by origin (25%), animal welfare certification (19%), protected geographical indication (14%), and organic agriculture certification (14%). Most consumers preferred beef from Spain at the lowest possible price and with the highest number of quality labels. Consumers were willing to pay a premium of 1.49, 3.61, and 5.53 EUR over 14 EUR/kg for organic certification, protected geographical indication, and animal welfare certification, respectively. Sensory analysis revealed that, for regular consumers, beef finished with an alternative concentrate rich in agro-industrial by-products offered several hedonic advantages (color, flavor, and tenderness) when compared to beef finished using a conventional diet, while occasional consumers did not find any difference between the two kinds of meat.
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Xiao Q, Xu M, Xu B, Chen C, Deng J, Li P. Combined Effect of High-Pressure Processing with Spice Extracts on Quality of Low-Salt Sausage during Refrigerated Storage. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112610. [PMID: 34828890 PMCID: PMC8625618 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study evaluated the combined effect of high-pressure processing (HPP) and spice extracts on low-salt sausages during refrigerated storage. Physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of the sausages were determined. HPP treatment increased the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value and the carbonyl content of the samples (p < 0.05), which meant lipid and protein oxidation was accelerated. Adding clove and cinnamon extracts can retard the oxidation caused by HPP (p < 0.05). The pH of the sausages treated with both the spice extracts and HPP maintained a higher pH value during the storage (p > 0.05). Compared with the samples treated with HPP or with the spice extracts alone, the combined treatment observably inhibited the growth of spoilage bacteria (p < 0.05) and improved the microbial community. The results demonstrated that the use of clove and cinnamon extracts in conjunction with HPP improved the storage quality and prolonged the shelf-life of the low-salt sausages. Thus, the combined use of spice extracts and HPP can be developed as a promising way to preserve low-salt meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xiao
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (Q.X.); (B.X.); (C.C.); (J.D.)
| | - Mei Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China;
| | - Baocai Xu
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (Q.X.); (B.X.); (C.C.); (J.D.)
| | - Conggui Chen
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (Q.X.); (B.X.); (C.C.); (J.D.)
| | - Jieying Deng
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (Q.X.); (B.X.); (C.C.); (J.D.)
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China;
| | - Peijun Li
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (Q.X.); (B.X.); (C.C.); (J.D.)
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China;
- Correspondence:
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