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Holman BWB, Refshauge G, Newell MT, Hopkins DL, Hayes RC. The carcass characteristics and quality of meat from lambs grazing perennial wheat with different companion legumes (clover, serradella, lucerne) or a mineral supplement. Meat Sci 2024; 216:109549. [PMID: 38878409 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2024.109549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/26/2024]
Abstract
This study compared carcasses as well as the quality and mineral concentration of meat from lambs extensively grazing perennial wheat with clover (PW + C), serradella (PW + S), lucerne (PW + L), or a mineral salt supplement (PW + Min). A split-plot design was used, wherein 3 crossbred ewe lambs (n = 72 in total) (sub-plots) grazed each of 4 forage types (plots), that were replicated across 6 locations (blocks). The feeding study concluded after 96 d, when all the lambs were slaughtered. The left longissimus lumborum muscles (LL) were collected and wet aged for either 5 or 56 d post-mortem. Lambs grazing PW + Min were found to produce carcasses with lower dressing percentage values to those grazing the other forage types (P = 0.037). The LL of lambs grazing PW + L had the lowest crude protein values (P = 0.015). Forage type by ageing period interactions did not affect meat quality. The 56 d ageing period resulted in higher purge loss (P < 0.001) and TVB-N values (P < 0.001) and a decline in shear force (P < 0.001) compared to the 5 d ageing period. The other carcass and meat quality parameters were not affected by forage type; including hot carcass weight, pH decline parameters, eye muscle area, cooking loss, intramuscular fat, sarcomere length, colour stability, and concentrations of calcium, iron, magnesium, sodium, and zinc in the LL. These findings confirm that perennial cereal production systems, that include legume forages with contrasting protein, energy, and micronutrient profiles, can deliver comparable lamb carcasses and meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W B Holman
- Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia.
| | - Gordon Refshauge
- Cowra Agricultural Research and Advisory Station, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Cowra, New South Wales 2794, Australia
| | - Matthew T Newell
- Cowra Agricultural Research and Advisory Station, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Cowra, New South Wales 2794, Australia
| | - David L Hopkins
- Cowra Agricultural Research and Advisory Station, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Cowra, New South Wales 2794, Australia
| | - Richard C Hayes
- Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia
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Iammarino M, Marino R, Nardelli V, Ingegno M, Albenzio M. Red Meat Heating Processes, Toxic Compounds Production and Nutritional Parameters Changes: What about Risk-Benefit? Foods 2024; 13:445. [PMID: 38338580 PMCID: PMC10855356 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The heating process is a crucial step that can lead to the formation of several harmful chemical compounds in red meat such as heterocyclic aromatic amines, N-Nitrosamines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and acrylamide. Meat has high nutritional value, providing essential amino acids, bioactive compounds and several important micronutrients which can also be affected by heating processes. This review aims to provide an updated overview of the effects of different heating processes on both the safety and nutritional parameters of cooked red meat. The most-used heating processes practices were taken into consideration in order to develop a risk-benefit scenario for each type of heating process and red meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Iammarino
- Department of Chemistry, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, 71121 Foggia, Italy; (V.N.); (M.I.)
| | - Rosaria Marino
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Valeria Nardelli
- Department of Chemistry, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, 71121 Foggia, Italy; (V.N.); (M.I.)
| | - Mariateresa Ingegno
- Department of Chemistry, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, 71121 Foggia, Italy; (V.N.); (M.I.)
| | - Marzia Albenzio
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy;
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Zhang Z, Yang T, Wang Y, Liu J, Shi W, Hu H, Meng Y, Meng X, He R. Influence of Multi-Frequency Ultrasound Treatment on Conformational Characteristics of Beef Myofibrillar Proteins with Different Degrees of Doneness. Foods 2023; 12:2926. [PMID: 37569195 PMCID: PMC10417746 DOI: 10.3390/foods12152926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of multi-frequency sonication (20 kHz, 25 kHz, 28 kHz, 40 kHz, 50 kHz) on structural characteristics of beef myofibrillar proteins (MPs) with different degrees of doneness (Rare 52~55 °C, Medium Rare 55~60 °C, Medium 60~65 °C, Medium Well 65~69 °C, Well Down 70~80 °C, and Overcooked 90 °C). The results showed that surface hydrophobicity and sulfhydryl content increased with the increase in degree of doneness. At the same degree of doneness, the sulfhydryl group contents reached the maximum at a frequency of 28 kHz. In addition, the absolute value of ζ-potential was significantly decreased after ultrasonic treatment (p < 0.05). SDS gel electrophoresis showed that the bands of beef MPs were not significantly affected by various ultrasonic frequencies, but the bands became thinner when the degree of doneness reached overcooked. Fourier transform infrared spectrum showed that with the increase of ultrasonic frequency, α-helix content decreased, and random coil content significantly increased (p < 0.05). The results of atomic force microscopy indicated that the surface structure of beef MPs was damaged, and the roughness decreased by sonication, while the roughness significantly increased when the degree of doneness changed from medium to overripe (p < 0.05). In conclusion, multi-ultrasound combined with degree of doneness treatment alters the structural characteristics of beef MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Cuisine Intangible Cultural Heritage Technology Inheritance, College of Tourism and Culinary Science, Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China; (Z.Z.); (T.Y.); (J.L.); (W.S.); (H.H.); (Y.M.)
| | - Tingxuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Cuisine Intangible Cultural Heritage Technology Inheritance, College of Tourism and Culinary Science, Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China; (Z.Z.); (T.Y.); (J.L.); (W.S.); (H.H.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China;
- Cuisine Science Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu 610100, China
| | - Jiarui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Cuisine Intangible Cultural Heritage Technology Inheritance, College of Tourism and Culinary Science, Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China; (Z.Z.); (T.Y.); (J.L.); (W.S.); (H.H.); (Y.M.)
| | - Wangbin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Cuisine Intangible Cultural Heritage Technology Inheritance, College of Tourism and Culinary Science, Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China; (Z.Z.); (T.Y.); (J.L.); (W.S.); (H.H.); (Y.M.)
| | - Haochen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Cuisine Intangible Cultural Heritage Technology Inheritance, College of Tourism and Culinary Science, Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China; (Z.Z.); (T.Y.); (J.L.); (W.S.); (H.H.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yang Meng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Cuisine Intangible Cultural Heritage Technology Inheritance, College of Tourism and Culinary Science, Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China; (Z.Z.); (T.Y.); (J.L.); (W.S.); (H.H.); (Y.M.)
| | - Xiangren Meng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Cuisine Intangible Cultural Heritage Technology Inheritance, College of Tourism and Culinary Science, Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China; (Z.Z.); (T.Y.); (J.L.); (W.S.); (H.H.); (Y.M.)
| | - Ronghai He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
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