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Mikolajczyk S, Warenik-Bany M, Pajurek M, Marchand P. Perfluoroalkyl substances in the meat of Polish farm animals and game - Occurrence, profiles and dietary intake. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:174071. [PMID: 38897471 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Meat from farm animals (pigs, cattle and poultry) and game (wild boar and deer) was analysed in terms of thirteen perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). Wild boar muscle tissue was statistically significantly more contaminated than muscle tissue from other animals, and the species order of the lower-bound (LB) sum of four (∑4) PFAS (perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorononanoic acid and perfluorohexanesulfonic acid) concentrations was wild boar > cattle > deer > pigs > poultry. None of the samples exceeded the maximum levels set by Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/915. Linear PFOS was the most frequently detected compound (in 21 % of all samples analysed and 100 % of wild boar samples), reaching its highest concentration of 1.87 μg/kg wet weight in wild boar. Dietary intake was estimated on the basis of the average per-serving consumption of pork, beef and poultry, and in the absence of such data for game, a 100 g portion was used for the calculation. Mean LB∑4 PFAS concentrations led to intakes between 0.000 and 1.75 ng/kg body weight (BW) for children and 0.000 and 0.91 ng/kg BW for adults. The potential risk to consumers was assessed in relation to the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 4.4 ng/kg BW established by the European Food Safety Authority in 2020. Exposure associated with the consumption of poultry, pork, beef and venison was negligible, being only <1 % of the TWI for children and adults; higher exposure was found to associate with the consumption of wild boar, being 63 % and 21 % of the TWI for children and adults, respectively. The findings of this research suggest that the intake of PFASs through the consumption of meat from Polish livestock and deer is unlikely to be a health concern. However, frequent consumption of wild boar meat could be a significant source of PFASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szczepan Mikolajczyk
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Radiobiology Department, NRL for halogenated POPs (PCDD/Fs, PCBs and PBDE) in food and feed, 57 Partyzantow Avenue, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
| | - Malgorzata Warenik-Bany
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Radiobiology Department, NRL for halogenated POPs (PCDD/Fs, PCBs and PBDE) in food and feed, 57 Partyzantow Avenue, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Marek Pajurek
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Radiobiology Department, NRL for halogenated POPs (PCDD/Fs, PCBs and PBDE) in food and feed, 57 Partyzantow Avenue, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
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Žele Vengušt D, Krt B, Blagus R, Vengušt G, Bandelj P. Seroprevalence of infectious pathogens of zoonotic and veterinary importance in wild ruminants from Slovenia. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1415304. [PMID: 38915887 PMCID: PMC11194780 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1415304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Wildlife represents an increasingly important source of pathogens of medical and veterinary importance. Surveillance in wildlife offers an insight on current epidemiological status of selected pathogens and help to prevent spillovers to humans and livestock. Material and methods Our study included 312 wild ruminants belonging to five species: Roe deer (n = 134), red deer (n = 113), Alpine chamois (n = 53), European mouflon (n = 10) and Alpine ibex (n = 2). Seven pathogens that may have profound effect on human/livestock health and economic viability of the farms were tested using serological methods. Results Antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Coxiella burnetii, Brucella spp., Chlamydophila abortus, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) and Mycobacterium bovis were detected in 34.62% (108/312), 0.96% (3/312), 2.24% (7/312), 0, 0.96% (3/312), 0, 0.64% (2/312) of animals tested, respectively. Because of low prevalences, risk factors were assessed only for T. gondii. Sex (female>male) and species (roe deer>red deer, roe deer>Alpine chamois) were significantly associated with the T. gondii positive outcome, while age was not. Discussion Adult males had the lowest T. gondii prevalence which offers future research opportunities. The lower seroprevalence of most investigated pathogens suggests game meat, if properly cooked, as being relatively safe for human consumption. This is the first study investigating the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of selected pathogens in wild ruminants in Slovenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Žele Vengušt
- Institute of Pathology, Wild Animals, Fish and Bees, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Brane Krt
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rok Blagus
- Institute for Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Gorazd Vengušt
- Institute of Pathology, Wild Animals, Fish and Bees, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petra Bandelj
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Belant JL, Bennett A, Kellner KF, Mancha-Cisneros MDM. Ecosystem services from wildlife harvests. Bioscience 2024; 74:352-354. [PMID: 39055370 PMCID: PMC11266979 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biae039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jerrold L Belant
- Wild Foods Institute, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States
| | - Abigail Bennett
- Wild Foods Institute, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States
| | - Kenneth F Kellner
- Wild Foods Institute, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States
| | - Maria del Mar Mancha-Cisneros
- Wild Foods Institute, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States
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Altissimi C, Primavilla S, Roila R, Gavaudan S, Morandi B, Di Lullo S, Coppini M, Baldinelli C, Cai D, Branciari R, Valiani A, Paulsen P, Ranucci D. Salmonella in Wild Boar Meat: Prevalence and Risk Assessment in Central Italy (Umbria and Marche Region). Foods 2024; 13:1156. [PMID: 38672829 PMCID: PMC11049437 DOI: 10.3390/foods13081156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A survey was conducted from 2018 to 2023 to assess the presence of Salmonella in 280 hunted wild boar (carcasses after evisceration and skinning, N = 226; liver, N = 258; and fecal samples, N = 174). The overall prevalence was 2.86% (confidence interval 95%, 1.45-5.45%) with five positive samples detected in carcasses, three in the liver, and one in a fecal sample. This prevalence was in line with those found in nearby areas denoting a low number of positive samples. Positive animals were over 24 months of age and weighed, before skinning, 59.00 ± 9.11 Kg and no difference was detected in microbial loads between samples positive and negative for Salmonella (aerobic colony count of 4.59 and 4.66 log CFU/400 cm2, and Enterobacteriaceae count of 2.89 and 2.73 log CFU/400 cm2 (mean values) in positive and negative subjects, respectively). Salmonella Stanleyville was the most frequently isolated serotype. A semiquantitative risk assessment was conducted for the first time in game meat considering two products, meat cuts intended for cooking and fermented dry sausages. Only proper cooking can reduce the risk of ingestion of Salmonella to the minimum for consumers, whereas ready-to-eat dry sausages constitute risk products in terms of foodborne Salmonellosis (risk score of 64 out of 100).
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Altissimi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (C.A.); (M.C.); (R.B.); (D.R.)
| | - Sara Primavilla
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (S.P.); (S.G.); (B.M.); (S.D.L.); (A.V.)
| | - Rossana Roila
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (C.A.); (M.C.); (R.B.); (D.R.)
| | - Stefano Gavaudan
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (S.P.); (S.G.); (B.M.); (S.D.L.); (A.V.)
| | - Benedetto Morandi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (S.P.); (S.G.); (B.M.); (S.D.L.); (A.V.)
| | - Stefania Di Lullo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (S.P.); (S.G.); (B.M.); (S.D.L.); (A.V.)
| | - Marta Coppini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (C.A.); (M.C.); (R.B.); (D.R.)
| | - Chiara Baldinelli
- USLUmbria1—Igiene degli Alimenti di Origine Animale, Distretto Alto Chiascio, 06024 Gubbio, Italy;
| | - Dongjie Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Raffaella Branciari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (C.A.); (M.C.); (R.B.); (D.R.)
| | - Andrea Valiani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (S.P.); (S.G.); (B.M.); (S.D.L.); (A.V.)
| | - Peter Paulsen
- Unit of Food Hygiene and Technology, Centre for Food Science and Veterinary Public Health, Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Food System Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - David Ranucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (C.A.); (M.C.); (R.B.); (D.R.)
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Di Bella S, Branciari R, Haouet NM, Framboas M, Mercuri ML, Codini M, Roila R, Malimpensa A, Ranucci D. Does hunted wild boar meat meet modern consumer nutritional expectations? Ital J Food Saf 2024; 13:11608. [PMID: 38623279 PMCID: PMC11017959 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2024.11608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the nutritional characteristics of hunted wild boar (WB) meat and compare them with those of meat from analogous domestic animals (pigs) reared in two different rearing systems: indoor-intensive (PI) and outdoor-extensive (PO). WB meat showed a lower amount of lipid content compared to pork and a higher antioxidant activity compared to PI and PO. The comparison of the fatty acid composition of WB and domestic pig reveals significant differences in saturated fatty acids (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), with WB having the highest PUFA level and the lowest SFA level. The omega 6/omega 3 (n-6/n-3) PUFA ratio, PUFA/SFA, atherogenic and thrombogenic indices (AI and TI), as well as the hypocholesterolemic/ hypercholesterolemic index (h/H), were calculated. The n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was higher in pork independently of the rearing system. The PUFA/SFA ratio of WB meat was above the minimum ratio of 0.40 recommended to contribute to a reduction in the risk of coronary diseases in pork from both rearing systems. AI and TI were lower in WB meat compared to commercially reared pigs, while h/H was higher in WB in comparison with pork meat. WB meat shows good nutritional quality; therefore, the use of game meat as a food source could be appropriate and could benefit contemporary consumers looking for "green" and high-nutritional products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Di Bella
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Umbria and Marche, Perugia
| | | | - Naceur M. Haouet
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Umbria and Marche, Perugia
| | - Marisa Framboas
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Umbria and Marche, Perugia
| | | | - Michela Codini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Rossana Roila
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia
| | | | - David Ranucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia
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Altissimi C, Roila R, Ranucci D, Branciari R, Cai D, Paulsen P. Preventing Microbial Growth in Game Meat by Applying Polyphenolic Extracts from Olive Mill Vegetation Water. Foods 2024; 13:658. [PMID: 38472771 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
We studied the efficacy of different formulations of polyphenol extracts (mainly containing hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol) from olive mill vegetation water on the microflora on the surfaces of game meat cuts with high or low initial bacterial loads. Meat with a high microbial load (>5 Log cfu/g; mean value = 6.83 ± 0.45 standard deviation) was immersed for 10 or 60 sec into 25% and 10% solutions of microencapsulated freeze-dried and non-encapsulated polyphenolic extracts. Aerobic colony, Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas spp., and lactic acid bacteria counts were determined on treated samples compared to controls after 7 days of storage (in vacuum-packed conditions at +3 °C). Significant differences were registered only for aerobic colony count for a 10% liquid extract treatment (0.64 log reduction). In contrast, the dipping or immersion of game meat with low initial microbial loads (<5 Log cfu/g; mean value = 3.58 ± 0.72 standard deviation) in 10% solutions of the polyphenol extracts effectuated significant reductions in all bacteria counts (p < 0.002) at 7 and 14 days of storage for different extracts, independently from the application methods. The use of the extracts to inhibit bacterial growth in game meat should only be considered if a good hygienic baseline is guaranteed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Altissimi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Rossana Roila
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - David Ranucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Raffaella Branciari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Dongjie Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Peter Paulsen
- Centre for Food Science and Veterinary Public Health, Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Food System Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1012 Vienna, Austria
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He Z, Wang X, Qi Y, Zhu C, Zhao Z, Zhang X, Liu X, Li S, Zhao F, Wang J, Shi B, Hu J. Long-stranded non-coding RNAs temporal-specific expression profiles reveal longissimus dorsi muscle development and intramuscular fat deposition in Tianzhu white yak. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad394. [PMID: 38029315 PMCID: PMC10760506 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of muscle development and intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition is quite complex and controlled by both mRNAs and ncRNAs. Long-stranded non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are involved in various biological processes in mammals while also playing a critical role in muscle development and fat deposition. In the present study, RNA-Seq was used to comprehensively study the expression of lncRNAs and mRNAs during muscle development and intramuscular fat deposition in postnatal Tianzhu white yaks at three stages, including 6 mo of age (calve, n = 6), 30 mo of age (young cattle, n = 6) and 54 mo of age (adult cattle, n = 6). The results indicated that a total of 2,101 lncRNAs and 20,855 mRNAs were screened across the three stages, of which the numbers of differential expression (DE) lncRNAs and DE mRNAs were 289 and 1,339, respectively, and DE lncRNAs were divided into eight different expression patterns based on expression trends. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed that some DE mRNAs overlapped with target genes of lncRNAs, such as NEDD4L, SCN3B, AGT, HDAC4, DES, MYH14, KLF15 (muscle development), ACACB, PCK2, LIPE, PIK3R1, PNPLA2, and MGLL (intramuscular fat deposition). These DE mRNAs were significantly enriched in critical muscle development and IMF deposition-related pathways and GO terms, such as AMPK signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway, etc. In addition, lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network analysis revealed that six lncRNAs (MSTRG.20152.2, MSTRG.20152.3, XR_001351700.1, MSTRG.8190.1, MSTRG.4827.1, and MSTRG.11486.1) may play a major role in Tianzhu white yak muscle development and lipidosis deposition. Therefore, this study enriches the database of yak lncRNAs and could help to further explore the functions and roles of lncRNAs in different stages of muscle development and intramuscular fat deposition in the Tianzhu white yak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohua He
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangyan Wang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Youpeng Qi
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chune Zhu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhidong Zhao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiu Liu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shaobin Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Zhao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiqing Wang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bingang Shi
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiang Hu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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