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Nose-to-Brain: The Next Step for Stem Cell and Biomaterial Therapy in Neurological Disorders. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193095. [PMID: 36231058 PMCID: PMC9564248 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders are a leading cause of morbidity worldwide, giving rise to a growing need to develop treatments to revert their symptoms. This review highlights the great potential of recent advances in cell therapy for the treatment of neurological disorders. Through the administration of pluripotent or stem cells, this novel therapy may promote neuroprotection, neuroplasticity, and neuroregeneration in lesion areas. The review also addresses the administration of these therapeutic molecules by the intranasal route, a promising, non-conventional route that allows for direct access to the central nervous system without crossing the blood–brain barrier, avoiding potential adverse reactions and enabling the administration of large quantities of therapeutic molecules to the brain. Finally, we focus on the need to use biomaterials, which play an important role as nutrient carriers, scaffolds, and immune modulators in the administration of non-autologous cells. Little research has been conducted into the integration of biomaterials alongside intranasally administered cell therapy, a highly promising approach for the treatment of neurological disorders.
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Ojeda-Hernández DD, Hernández-Sapiéns MA, Reza-Zaldívar EE, Canales-Aguirre A, Matías-Guiu JA, Matías-Guiu J, Mateos-Díaz JC, Gómez-Pinedo U, Sancho-Bielsa F. Exosomes and Biomaterials: In Search of a New Therapeutic Strategy for Multiple Sclerosis. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1417. [PMID: 36143453 PMCID: PMC9504193 DOI: 10.3390/life12091417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Current efforts to find novel treatments that counteract multiple sclerosis (MS) have pointed toward immunomodulation and remyelination. Currently, cell therapy has shown promising potential to achieve this purpose. However, disadvantages such as poor survival, differentiation, and integration into the target tissue have limited its application. A series of recent studies have focused on the cell secretome, showing it to provide the most benefits of cell therapy. Exosomes are a key component of the cell secretome, participating in the transfer of bioactive molecules. These nano-sized vesicles offer many therapeutical advantages, such as the capacity to cross the blood-brain barrier, an enrichable cargo, and a customizable membrane. Moreover, integrating of biomaterials into exosome therapy could lead to new tissue-specific therapeutic strategies. In this work, the use of exosomes and their integration with biomaterials is presented as a novel strategy in the treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doddy Denise Ojeda-Hernández
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC and Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes A. Hernández-Sapiéns
- Preclinical Evaluation Unit, Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Unit, CIATEJ-CONACyT, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico
| | - Edwin E. Reza-Zaldívar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Ave. General Ramón Corona 2514, Zapopan 45201, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Canales-Aguirre
- Preclinical Evaluation Unit, Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Unit, CIATEJ-CONACyT, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico
| | - Jordi A. Matías-Guiu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Matías-Guiu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC and Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ulises Gómez-Pinedo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC and Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sancho-Bielsa
- Área de Fisiología, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, UCLM, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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Intranasal Administration of Undifferentiated Oligodendrocyte Lineage Cells as a Potential Approach to Deliver Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells into Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910738. [PMID: 34639079 PMCID: PMC8509516 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) migration is a mechanism involved in remyelination; these cells migrate from niches in the adult CNS. However, age and disease reduce the pool of OPCs; as a result, the remyelination capacity of the CNS decreases over time. Several experimental studies have introduced OPCs to the brain via direct injection or intrathecal administration. In this study, we used the nose-to brain pathway to deliver oligodendrocyte lineage cells (human oligodendroglioma (HOG) cells), which behave similarly to OPCs in vitro. To this end, we administered GFP-labelled HOG cells intranasally to experimental animals, which were subsequently euthanised at 30 or 60 days. Our results show that the intranasal route is a viable route to the CNS and that HOG cells administered intranasally migrate preferentially to niches of OPCs (clusters created during embryonic development and adult life). Our study provides evidence, albeit limited, that HOG cells either form clusters or adhere to clusters of OPCs in the brains of experimental animals.
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Gómez-Pinedo U, García-Ávila Y, Gallego-Villarejo L, Matías-Guiu JA, Benito-Martín MS, Esteban-García N, Sanclemente-Alamán I, Pytel V, Moreno-Jiménez L, Sancho-Bielsa F, Vidorreta-Ballesteros L, Montero-Escribano P, Matías-Guiu J. Sera from Patients with NMOSD Reduce the Differentiation Capacity of Precursor Cells in the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5192. [PMID: 34068922 PMCID: PMC8155872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AQP4 (aquaporin-4)-immunoglobulin G (IgG)-mediated neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease that affects the central nervous system, particularly the spinal cord and optic nerve; remyelination capacity in neuromyelitis optica is yet to be determined, as is the role of AQP4-IgG in cell differentiation. MATERIAL AND METHODS We included three groups-a group of patients with AQP4-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica, a healthy group, and a sham group. We analyzed differentiation capacity in cultures of neurospheres from the subventricular zone of mice by adding serum at two different times: early and advanced stages of differentiation. We also analyzed differentiation into different cell lines. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The effect of sera from patients with NMOSD on precursor cells differs according to the degree of differentiation, and probably affects oligodendrocyte progenitor cells from NG2 cells to a lesser extent than cells from the subventricular zone; however, the resulting oligodendrocytes may be compromised in terms of maturation and possibly limited in their ability to generate myelin. Furthermore, these cells decrease in number with age. It is very unlikely that the use of drugs favoring the migration and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in multiple sclerosis would be effective in the context of neuromyelitis optica, but cell therapy with oligodendrocyte progenitor cells seems to be a potential alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulises Gómez-Pinedo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, San Carlos Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.G.-Á.); (L.G.-V.); (J.A.M.-G.); (M.S.B.-M.); (N.E.-G.); (I.S.-A.); (V.P.); (L.M.-J.); (L.V.-B.); (P.M.-E.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Yolanda García-Ávila
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, San Carlos Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.G.-Á.); (L.G.-V.); (J.A.M.-G.); (M.S.B.-M.); (N.E.-G.); (I.S.-A.); (V.P.); (L.M.-J.); (L.V.-B.); (P.M.-E.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Lucía Gallego-Villarejo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, San Carlos Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.G.-Á.); (L.G.-V.); (J.A.M.-G.); (M.S.B.-M.); (N.E.-G.); (I.S.-A.); (V.P.); (L.M.-J.); (L.V.-B.); (P.M.-E.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Jordi A. Matías-Guiu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, San Carlos Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.G.-Á.); (L.G.-V.); (J.A.M.-G.); (M.S.B.-M.); (N.E.-G.); (I.S.-A.); (V.P.); (L.M.-J.); (L.V.-B.); (P.M.-E.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - María Soledad Benito-Martín
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, San Carlos Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.G.-Á.); (L.G.-V.); (J.A.M.-G.); (M.S.B.-M.); (N.E.-G.); (I.S.-A.); (V.P.); (L.M.-J.); (L.V.-B.); (P.M.-E.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Noelia Esteban-García
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, San Carlos Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.G.-Á.); (L.G.-V.); (J.A.M.-G.); (M.S.B.-M.); (N.E.-G.); (I.S.-A.); (V.P.); (L.M.-J.); (L.V.-B.); (P.M.-E.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Inmaculada Sanclemente-Alamán
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, San Carlos Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.G.-Á.); (L.G.-V.); (J.A.M.-G.); (M.S.B.-M.); (N.E.-G.); (I.S.-A.); (V.P.); (L.M.-J.); (L.V.-B.); (P.M.-E.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Vanesa Pytel
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, San Carlos Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.G.-Á.); (L.G.-V.); (J.A.M.-G.); (M.S.B.-M.); (N.E.-G.); (I.S.-A.); (V.P.); (L.M.-J.); (L.V.-B.); (P.M.-E.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Lidia Moreno-Jiménez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, San Carlos Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.G.-Á.); (L.G.-V.); (J.A.M.-G.); (M.S.B.-M.); (N.E.-G.); (I.S.-A.); (V.P.); (L.M.-J.); (L.V.-B.); (P.M.-E.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Francisco Sancho-Bielsa
- Department of Physiology, Ciudad Real School of Medicine, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13001 Ciudad Real, Spain;
| | - Lucía Vidorreta-Ballesteros
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, San Carlos Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.G.-Á.); (L.G.-V.); (J.A.M.-G.); (M.S.B.-M.); (N.E.-G.); (I.S.-A.); (V.P.); (L.M.-J.); (L.V.-B.); (P.M.-E.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Paloma Montero-Escribano
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, San Carlos Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.G.-Á.); (L.G.-V.); (J.A.M.-G.); (M.S.B.-M.); (N.E.-G.); (I.S.-A.); (V.P.); (L.M.-J.); (L.V.-B.); (P.M.-E.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Jorge Matías-Guiu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, San Carlos Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.G.-Á.); (L.G.-V.); (J.A.M.-G.); (M.S.B.-M.); (N.E.-G.); (I.S.-A.); (V.P.); (L.M.-J.); (L.V.-B.); (P.M.-E.); (J.M.-G.)
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Matías-Guiu J, Matías-Guiu JA, Montero-Escribano P, Barcia JA, Canales-Aguirre AA, Mateos-Diaz JC, Gómez-Pinedo U. Particles Containing Cells as a Strategy to Promote Remyelination in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2020; 11:638. [PMID: 32733364 PMCID: PMC7358567 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The repair of demyelinated lesions is a key objective in multiple sclerosis research. Remyelination fundamentally depends on oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC) reaching the lesion; this is influenced by numerous factors including age, disease progression time, inflammatory activity, and the pool of OPCs available, whether they be NG2 cells or cells derived from neural stem cells. Administering OPCs has been proposed as a potential cell therapy; however, these cells can only be administered directly. This article discusses the potential administration of OPCs encapsulated within hydrogel particles composed of biocompatible biomaterials, via the nose-to-brain pathway. We also discuss conditions for the indication of this therapy, and such related issues as the influence on endogenous remyelination, migration of OPCs to demyelinated areas, and the immune response, given the autoimmune nature of multiple sclerosis. Chitosan and derivatives constitute the most promising biomaterial for this purpose, although these issues must be addressed. In conclusion, this line of research may yield an alternative to the remyelinating drugs currently being studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Matías-Guiu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi A Matías-Guiu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Montero-Escribano
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A Barcia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro A Canales-Aguirre
- Unidad de Evaluación Preclínica, Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Juan C Mateos-Diaz
- Biotecnología Industrial, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de 12 Jalisco, CIATEJ, Zapopan, Mexico
| | - Ulises Gómez-Pinedo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Torre-Fuentes L, Moreno-Jiménez L, Pytel V, Matías-Guiu J, Gómez-Pinedo U, Matías-Guiu J. Experimental models of demyelination and remyelination. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2020. [PMCID: PMC7148713 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Torre-Fuentes L, Moreno-Jiménez L, Pytel V, Matías-Guiu JA, Gómez-Pinedo U, Matías-Guiu J. Experimental models of demyelination and remyelination. Neurologia 2017; 35:32-39. [PMID: 28863829 PMCID: PMC7115679 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducción El uso de modelos experimentales en animales permite aumentar el conocimiento sobre la patología del sistema nervioso central. Sin embargo, en la esclerosis múltiple, no existe un modelo que permita una visión general de la enfermedad, de forma que es necesario utilizar una variedad de modelos que abarquen los distintos cambios que se producen. Desarrollo Se revisan los distintos modelos experimentales que pueden ser utilizados en la investigación en la esclerosis múltiple, tanto in vitro como in vivo. En relación a los modelos in vitro se analizan los distintos cultivos celulares y sus potenciales modificaciones así como los modelos en rodajas. En los modelos in vivo, se analizan los modelos de base inmune-inflamatoria como la encefalitis alérgica experimental en los distintos animales, además de las enfermedades desmielinizantes por virus. Por otro lado, se analizan los modelos de desmielinización-remielinización incluyéndose las lesiones químicas por cuprizona, lisolecitina, bromuro de etidio, así como el modelo de zebrafish y los modelos transgénicos. Conclusiones Los modelos experimentales nos permiten acercarnos al conocimiento de los diversos mecanismos que ocurren en la esclerosis múltiple. La utilización de cada uno de ellos depende de los objetivos de investigación que planteen.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Torre-Fuentes
- Servicio de Neurología, Instituto de Neurociencias, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España.
| | - L Moreno-Jiménez
- Servicio de Neurología, Instituto de Neurociencias, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - V Pytel
- Servicio de Neurología, Instituto de Neurociencias, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - J A Matías-Guiu
- Servicio de Neurología, Instituto de Neurociencias, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - U Gómez-Pinedo
- Servicio de Neurología, Instituto de Neurociencias, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - J Matías-Guiu
- Servicio de Neurología, Instituto de Neurociencias, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España
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