1
|
Li J, Xu J, Chen Z, Lu Y, Hua X, Jin Z. Computational modelling of articular joints with biphasic cartilage: recent advances, challenges and opportunities. Med Eng Phys 2024; 126:104130. [PMID: 38621832 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2024.104130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Biphasic models have been widely used to simulate the time-dependent biomechanical response of soft tissues. Modelling techniques of joints with biphasic weight-bearing soft tissues have been markedly improved over the last decade, enhancing our understanding of the function, degenerative mechanism and outcomes of interventions of joints. This paper reviews the recent advances, challenges and opportunities in computational models of joints with biphasic weight-bearing soft tissues. The review begins with an introduction of the function and degeneration of joints from a biomechanical aspect. Different constitutive models of articular cartilage, in particular biphasic materials, are illustrated in the context of the study of contact mechanics in joints. Approaches, advances and major findings of biphasic models of the hip and knee are presented, followed by a discussion of the challenges awaiting to be addressed, including the convergence issue, high computational cost and inadequate validation. Finally, opportunities and clinical insights in the areas of subject-specific modeling and tissue engineering are provided and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Li
- Tribology Research Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Jinghao Xu
- Tribology Research Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Zhenxian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Road Construction Technology and Equipment (Ministry of Education), Chang'an University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yongtao Lu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, PR China
| | - Xijin Hua
- Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Zhongmin Jin
- Tribology Research Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China; Sate Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shah SA, Kim JY, Cho HW, Shon WY, Kim SM. A larger sized cup accelerates cartilage erosion of acetabulum after bipolar hemiarthroplasty in elderly with femur neck fracture. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29081. [PMID: 35446290 PMCID: PMC9276361 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bipolar hemiarthroplasty (BHA) is one of the common procedures done for the treatment of femur neck fracture. One of the frequently encountered complication with this surgery is erosion of the acetabular cartilage. This study was conducted to investigate acetabular erosion after BHA according to the difference in diameter between femoral head and implanted cup at minimum 10-year follow-up.We retrospectively reviewed 117 patients (117 hips) undergoing BHA with fracture of neck of the femur. Their mean age was 77.8 years (range, 65-96 years) and male: female ratio was 32:85. Patients were divided into 3 groups; Group A - bipolar cup size > actual head size, Group B - cup size < head size, Group C - cup size = head size. The degree of both superior and medial acetabular cartilage erosion was identified and calculated on postoperative radiographs using line of acetabular margin and Kohler line.The mean superior and medial acetabular erosion were 1.62 ± 1.6 mm (range, 0-4.4) and 4.15 ± 2.7 mm (range, 0-8.2) in Group A, 1.30 ± 1.3 mm (range, 0-3.8) and 4.11 ± 2.7 mm (range, 0-7.8) in Group B, and 0.90 ± 1.1 mm (range, 0-2.6) and 3.16 ± 2.9 mm (range, 0-7.9) in Group C (P = .039 and P = .187, respectively). The superior acetabular erosion showed significant difference between the 3 groups. During mean follow-up period of 12.3 years, 5 patients (5/117, 4.3%) underwent conversion to total hip arthroplasty due to superior acetabular erosion. All of 3 patient underwent BHA with a larger bipolar cup than the actual femoral head.A lager sized cup accelerated superior cartilage erosion of acetabulum after BHA. An optimal cup size should be considered when undergoing BHA in elderly patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saumil Ashvin Shah
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Young Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Cho
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Yong Shon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bumin Hospital, Pusan, Korea
| | - Sang-Min Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Arab AZEA, Merdji A, Benaissa A, Roy S, Bachir Bouiadjra BA, Layadi K, Ouddane A, Mukdadi OM. Finite-Element analysis of a lateral femoro-tibial impact on the total knee arthroplasty. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 192:105446. [PMID: 32200048 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a routine surgery performed to treat patients with severe knee osteoarthritis. The success of a TKA depends strongly on the initial stability of the prosthetic components and its long-term osseointegration due to the optimal distribution of mechanical stresses in the surrounding bones under the effect of the different biomechanical loads applied to the Femur-TKA-Tibia system. The purpose of this study is to analyze the level and the distribution of the induced stresses in a Femur-TKA-Tibia system subjected to combined triaxial forces, which mimic a femoral mechanical shock. METHODS In this study, complex TKA system implanted in both femoral and tibial bones has been analyzed numerically with a three-dimensional finite-element method. A virtual model is designed to examine in silico the effect of the combined triaxial forces acting on this prosthesis in femoral region. Anatomical three-dimensional finite-element models of both femoral and tibial bones were constructed to calculate the interfacial stresses around the TKA components. The 3D finite-element processing program ABAQUS was used to perform the analysis. RESULTS The stresses propagated in the bone regions adjacent to the TKA osseointegrated components, and the decreased in their magnitude to the outer region. These stresses reached the highest level in the cortical bone areas that are right next to the proximal upper attachment portions of the TKA osseointegrated components. The magnitude of the stresses in the tibial component is higher than that in the femoral component. Finally, it is very important to emphasize the role of the polyethylene articulating spacer in the shock absorption of bone support sections. Thus, this component should be preserved mechanically from the impact of high shocks in order to maintain healthy TKA systems. CONCLUSIONS Optimizing TKA model by controlling the biomechanical stresses distributed within its both components and supporting bones is a valid approach to achieving favorable long-term outcomes. The 3D finite-element analysis provides an effective pre-operative method for planning patient-specific TKA prostheses, and for designing future models that preserves the biomechanical function of the Femur-TKA-Tibia system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Zine El-Abidine Arab
- Laboratory of Mechanics Physics of Materials (LMPM), Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Technology, Djillali Liabes University, Sidi Bel-Abbes 22000, Algeria; Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Mascara, Mascara 29000, Algeria
| | - Ali Merdji
- Laboratory of Mechanics Physics of Materials (LMPM), Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Technology, Djillali Liabes University, Sidi Bel-Abbes 22000, Algeria; Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Mascara, Mascara 29000, Algeria
| | - Ali Benaissa
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Mascara, Mascara 29000, Algeria
| | - Sandipan Roy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai-603203, India.
| | - Bel-Abbes Bachir Bouiadjra
- Laboratory of Mechanics Physics of Materials (LMPM), Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Technology, Djillali Liabes University, Sidi Bel-Abbes 22000, Algeria
| | - Khaled Layadi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oran 1, BP.1510, Al M'naouer, Oran 31000, Algeria
| | - Abdelhakim Ouddane
- Meslem Tayeb Hospital, Avenue of Sidi Kada Belmokhtar, Mascara 29002, Algeria
| | - Osama M Mukdadi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Groves D, Fisher J, Williams S. An in vitro simulation method for the tribological assessment of complete natural hip joints. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184226. [PMID: 28886084 PMCID: PMC5590895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of hip joint simulators to evaluate the tribological performance of total hip replacements is widely reported in the literature, however, in vitro simulation studies investigating the tribology of the natural hip joint are limited with heterogeneous methodologies reported. An in vitro simulation system for the complete natural hip joint, enabling the acetabulum and femoral head to be positioned with different orientations whilst maintaining the correct joint centre of rotation, was successfully developed for this study. The efficacy of the simulation system was assessed by testing complete, matched natural porcine hip joints and porcine hip hemiarthroplasty joints in a pendulum friction simulator. The results showed evidence of biphasic lubrication, with a non-linear increase in friction being observed in both groups. Lower overall mean friction factor values in the complete natural joint group that increased at a lower rate over time, suggest that the exudation of fluid and transition to solid phase lubrication occurred more slowly in the complete natural hip joint compared to the hip hemiarthroplasty joint. It is envisaged that this methodology will be used to investigate morphological risk factors for developing hip osteoarthritis, as well as the effectiveness of early interventional treatments for degenerative hip disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Groves
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - John Fisher
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Williams
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li J, Hua X, Jones AC, Williams S, Jin Z, Fisher J, Wilcox RK. The influence of the representation of collagen fibre organisation on the cartilage contact mechanics of the hip joint. J Biomech 2016; 49:1679-1685. [PMID: 27079623 PMCID: PMC4894261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a finite element (FE) hip model with subject-specific geometry and biphasic cartilage properties. Different levels of detail in the representation of fibre reinforcement were considered to evaluate the feasibility to simplify the complex depth-dependent fibre pattern in the native hip joint. A FE model of a cadaveric hip with subject-specific geometry was constructed through micro-computed-tomography (µCT) imaging. The cartilage was assumed to be biphasic and fibre-reinforced with different levels of detail in the fibre representation. Simulations were performed for heel-strike, mid-stance and toe-off during walking and one-leg-stance over 1500s. It was found that the required level of detail in fibre representation depends on the parameter of interest. The contact stress of the native hip joint could be realistically predicted by simplifying the fibre representation to being orthogonally reinforced across the whole thickness. To predict the fluid pressure, depth-dependent fibre organisation is needed but specific split-line pattern on the surface of cartilage is not necessary. Both depth-dependent and specific surface fibre orientations are required to simulate the strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Li
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, UK.
| | - Xijin Hua
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Alison C Jones
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Sophie Williams
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Zhongmin Jin
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, UK; School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - John Fisher
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Ruth K Wilcox
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Assassi L, Magnenat-Thalmann N. Assessment of cartilage contact pressure and loading in the hip joint during split posture. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2015; 11:745-56. [PMID: 26450106 DOI: 10.1007/s11548-015-1303-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Given the crucial role of the mechanical behavior in the degenerative process of the hip joint, analyzing the contact mechanics in the articular layers during physical activities could contribute to understanding the pathology. Indeed, the development process of hip osteoarthritis generally evolves over a long time period, and therefore analyzing the mechanical behavior of the hip joint during extreme repetitive movements will be helpful to analyze degeneration causes. The aim of the study was to investigate the link between the excessive movements and the development of hip osteoarthritis. METHODS To individualize the analysis, we used a subject-specific and noninvasive approach based on finite element analysis and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. The contact pressure distribution and loading conditions on the acetabular cartilage were assessed on eleven professional dancer subjects performing a split movement. This movement is frequently practiced (repetitive) by dancers during their daily exercises. Moreover, split postures are mostly characterized by high anatomical angles with subluxation (excessive). To ensure the motion accuracy, MRI data of the subjects were acquired in neutral and split positions performed inside the MRI scanner. Based on the reconstructed bone models from the MRI data, a motion tracking approach was used to compute the transformation between the two poses. To evaluate the contact during the split movement and to quantify the role of the labrum in the hip joint mechanics, additional simulations of two daily activities (walking and stand-up) were performed. Finally, a clinical study based on morphological and radiological analysis of the subjects was performed and validated by orthopedic surgeons and radiological experts to evaluate the proposed approach. RESULTS The reconstructed split movement was characterized by high anatomical angles with a subluxation on the left hip. Consequently, strong deformations and pressures were observed during the simulation. The comparison of the simulation results of split posture and daily activities showed higher pressure and lower contact area during extreme movements. Moreover, the presence of labrum absorbed part of load and consequently decreased the predicted contact pressure and contact area on the acetabular cartilage. CONCLUSION The comparison of the simulation results of the split posture and daily activities, as well as the correlation between the results of the analysis on extreme movement results and the clinical analysis performed by medical experts, strongly suggests that repetitive extreme movement could lead to early hip osteoarthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lazhari Assassi
- MIRALab, CUI, University of Geneva, Battelle, Building A, 7, route de Drize, 1227, Carouge, Switzerland.
| | - Nadia Magnenat-Thalmann
- MIRALab, CUI, University of Geneva, Battelle, Building A, 7, route de Drize, 1227, Carouge, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dabiri Y, Li L. Focal cartilage defect compromises fluid-pressure dependent load support in the knee joint. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2015; 31:e02713. [PMID: 25727068 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.2713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A focal cartilage defect involves tissue loss or rupture. Altered mechanics in the affected joint may play an essential role in the onset and progression of osteoarthritis. The objective of the present study was to determine the compromised load support in the human knee joint during defect progression from the cartilage surface to the cartilage-bone interface. Ten normal and defect cases were simulated with a previously tested 3D finite element model of the knee. The focal defects were considered in both condyles within high load-bearing regions. Fluid pressurization, anisotropic fibril-reinforcement, and depth-dependent mechanical properties were considered for the articular cartilages and menisci. The results showed that a small cartilage defect could cause 25% reduction in the load support of the knee joint due to a reduced capacity of fluid pressurization in the defect cartilage. A partial-thickness defect could cause a fluid pressure decrease or increase in the remaining underlying cartilage depending on the defect depth. A cartilage defect also increased the shear strain at the cartilage-bone interface, which was more significant with a full-thickness defect. The effect of cartilage defect on the fluid pressurization also depended on the defect sites and contact conditions. In conclusion, a focal cartilage defect causes a fluid-pressure dependent load reallocation and a compromised load support in the joint, which depend on the defect depth, site, and contact condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaghoub Dabiri
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - LePing Li
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|