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Wang L, Liu Y, Wang S, Li J, Sun Y, Wang J, Zou Q. Research on ultrasonic bone cutting mechanism based on extended finite element method. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2024; 23:861-877. [PMID: 38261094 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-023-01810-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The research on the crack propagation mechanism of bone has important research significance and clinical medical value for the selection of cutting parameters and the development of new surgical tools. In this paper, an extended finite element method (X-FEM) model of ultrasonic bone cutting considering microstructure was developed to further study the ultrasonic bone cutting mechanism and to quantitatively analyze the effects of cutting direction, ultrasonic parameters, and cutting parameters on the mechanism of ultrasonic bone cutting crack propagation. The results show that ultrasonic bone cutting is essentially a controlled crack propagation process, in which brittle crack and fatigue crack are the main crack propagation mechanisms. In order to improve the efficiency of ultrasonic bone cutting, large amplitude and high-frequency ultrasonic vibration are preferred. Compared with the other two cutting directions, the crack propagation deflection angle in the transverse cutting direction is the largest, resulting in the worst cutting surface. Therefore, in the path planning of orthopedic surgical robots, the transverse cutting direction should be avoided as much as possible. Frequency only has a significant effect on the crack propagation rate and has a positive correlation. There is a positive correlation between the deflection angle, propagation length, propagation rate, and amplitude, which provides the possibility to control the direction and length of crack propagation by controlling the amplitude of ultrasonic. The feed speed is much lower than the ultrasonic vibration speed, which makes the influence of ultrasonic vibration speed on the crack propagation characteristics dominant. The X-FEM model of ultrasonic bone cutting provides an effective method for selecting reasonable machining parameters of orthopedic robot and optimize the design of ultrasonic osteotome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwei Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China.
| | - Shiwei Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Jinguang Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Yumeng Sun
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Qilei Zou
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
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Yao G, Wu F, Lucas M, Zheng L, Wang C, Gu H. Effect of longitudinal-bending elliptical ultrasonic vibration assistance on electrosurgical cutting and hemostasis. ULTRASONICS 2023; 135:107113. [PMID: 37517346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2023.107113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Electrosurgical devices are widely used for tissue cutting and hemostasis in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for their high precision and low trauma. However, tissue adhesion and the resulting thermal injury can cause infection and impede the wound-healing process. This paper proposes a longitudinal-bending elliptical ultrasonic vibration-assisted (EUV-A) electrosurgical cutting system that incorporates an ultrasonic vibration in the direction of the cut by introducing an elliptical motion of the surgical tip. Compared with a solely longitudinal ultrasonic vibration-assisted (UV-A) electrosurgical device, the EUV-A electrode contacts the tissue intermittently, thus allowing for a cooler cut and preventing tissue accumulation. The experimental results reveal that the EUV-A electrode demonstrates better performance than the UV-A electrode for both anti-adhesion and thermal injury through in vitro experiments in porcine samples. The tissue removal mechanism of EUV-A electrosurgical cutting is modeled to investigate its anti-adhesion effect. In addition, lower adhesion, lower temperature, and faster cutting are demonstrated through in vivo experiments in rabbit samples. Results show that the EUV-A electrode causes lower thermal injury, indicative of faster postoperative healing. Finally, efficacy of the hemostatic effect of the EUV-A electrode is demonstrated in vivo for vessels up to 3.5 mm (equivalent to that of electrocautery). The study reveals that the EUV-A electrosurgical cutting system can achieve safe tissue incision and hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments and Manufacturing Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments and Manufacturing Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Margaret Lucas
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Lijuan Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments and Manufacturing Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chengyong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments and Manufacturing Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Heng Gu
- Guangdong Institute of Medical Instruments, Guangzhou 510500, China
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Arnold MCA, Zhao S, Doyle RJ, Jeffers JRT, Boughton OR. Power-Tool Use in Orthopaedic Surgery: Iatrogenic Injury, Its Detection, and Technological Advances: A Systematic Review. JB JS Open Access 2021; 6:JBJSOA-D-21-00013. [PMID: 34841185 PMCID: PMC8613350 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.oa.21.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Power tools are an integral part of orthopaedic surgery but have the capacity to cause iatrogenic injury. With this systematic review, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of iatrogenic injury due to the use of power tools in orthopaedic surgery and to discuss the current methods that can be used to reduce injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Zhao
- The MSk Lab, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruben J Doyle
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R T Jeffers
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Shu L, Bai W, Shimada T, Ying Z, Li S, Sugita N. Thermographic assessment of heat-induced cellular damage during orthopedic surgery. Med Eng Phys 2020; 83:100-105. [PMID: 32505661 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The heat generated during orthopedic surgery can cause thermal damage to bone cells, leading to cell necrosis, death, and bone resorption. In this study, the drill-exit surface in cortical bone drilling was firstly investigated by infrared thermography to understand the thermal characteristics of bone cutting. In order to mimic the short-term thermal condition of high temperature during surgical cutting, the osteoblasts were exposed to heat shock for short periods of time to investigate the effect of cutting heat on the bone. Necrosis and apoptosis were investigated immediately after heat shock for 2 s, 5 s, and 15 s at 50 °C, 60 °C, 70 °C, and 80 °C, respectively. The cells were then incubated for 4 days at 37 °C and analyzed by fluorescein annexin V-FITC/PI double staining. The temperature and heat-duration were precisely controlled by a novel heating approach. In comparison to the control group (37 °C), immediate necrotic and apoptotic response to heat shock was found in cells exposed to 50 °C for 5 s (11.8%, p<0.05); however, the response was negligible in cells exposed to 50 °C for 2 s. In addition, recovery was found in the group exposed to 50 °C and 60 °C for 2 s (p ≤ 0.05) after incubation for 4 days. Cell damage depends on the magnitude and duration of heat exposure. These findings provide fundamental knowledge for future developments of surgical tool design and cutting methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Shu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Wei Bai
- State Key Lab of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Takehiro Shimada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Zhenzhi Ying
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shihao Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Naohiko Sugita
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Shu L, Sugita N. Analysis of fracture, force, and temperature in orthogonal elliptical vibration-assisted bone cutting. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 103:103599. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Shu L, Li S, Sugita N. Systematic review of computational modelling for biomechanics analysis of total knee replacement. BIOSURFACE AND BIOTRIBOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1049/bsbt.2019.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liming Shu
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringSchool of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
| | - Shihao Li
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringSchool of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
| | - Naohiko Sugita
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringSchool of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
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Experimental and Finite Element Analysis of Force and Temperature in Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted Bone Cutting. Ann Biomed Eng 2020; 48:1281-1290. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-020-02452-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bai W, Shu L, Sun R, Xu J, Silberschmidt VV, Sugita N. Mechanism of material removal in orthogonal cutting of cortical bone. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 104:103618. [PMID: 31929098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
ANALYSIS of a mechanism of bone cutting has an important theoretical and practical significance for orthopaedic surgeries. In this study, the mechanism of material removal in orthogonal cutting of cortical bone is investigated. Chip morphology and crack propagation in cortical bone for various cutting directions and depth-of-cut (DOC) levels are analysed, with consideration of microstructural and sub-microstructural features and material anisotropy. Effects of different material properties of osteons, interstitial matrix and cement lines on chip morphology and crack propagation are elucidated for different cutting directions. This study revealed that differences in chip morphology for various DOCs were due to comparable sizes of the osteons, lamellae and DOC. Acquired force signals and recorded high-speed videos revealed the reasons of fluctuations of dynamic components in tests. Meanwhile, a frequency-domain analysis of force signals showed a frequency difference between formation of a bulk fractured chip and small debris for different cutting directions. In addition, SEM images of the top and side surfaces of the machined bone were obtained. Thus, the analysis of the cutting force and surface damage validated the character of chip formation and explained the material-removal mechanism. This study reveals the mechanism of chip formation in the orthogonal cutting of the cortical bone, demonstrating importance of the correlation between the chip morphologies, the depth of cut and the microstructure and sub-microstructure of the cortical bone. For the first time, it assessed the fluctuations of cutting forces, accompanying chip formation, in time and frequency domains. These findings provide fundamental information important for analysis of cutting-induced damage of the bone tissue, optimization of the cutting process and clinical applications of orthopaedic instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Bai
- State Key Lab of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China; Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 1138656, Japan.
| | - Liming Shu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 1138656, Japan.
| | - Ronglei Sun
- State Key Lab of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- State Key Lab of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Vadim V Silberschmidt
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Naohiko Sugita
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 1138656, Japan.
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Analytical Prediction of Subsurface Damages and Surface Quality in Vibration-Assisted Polishing Process of Silicon Carbide Ceramics. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12101690. [PMID: 31137672 PMCID: PMC6566795 DOI: 10.3390/ma12101690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Subsurface damages and surface roughness are two significant parameters which determine the performance of silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics. Subsurface damages (SSD) induced by conventional polishing could seriously affect the service life of the workpiece. To address this problem, vibration-assisted polishing (VAP) was developed to machine hard and brittle materials, because the vibration-assisted machine (VAM) can increase the critical cutting depth to improve the surface integrity of materials. In this paper, a two-dimensional (2D) VAM system is used to polish SiC ceramics. Moreover, a theoretical SSD model is constructed to predict the SSD. Furthermore, finite element simulation (FEM) is adopted to analyze the effects of different VAP parameters on SSD. Finally, a series of scratches and VAP experiments are conducted on the independent precision polishing machine to investigate the effects of polishing parameters on brittle–ductile transition and SSD.
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Meng Z, Ni J, Shi Y, Wu CY, Liu XQ. Experimental Study on the Performance of Hydraulic Vibration Assisted Broaching (HVAB) Based on Piezoelectric Sensors. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18082417. [PMID: 30044437 PMCID: PMC6111258 DOI: 10.3390/s18082417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In order to improve the keyway broaching process and verify the feasibility of vibration-assisted broaching process, an experimental study on a novel hydraulic vibration assisted broaching (HVAB) system with double-valve electro-hydraulic exciter (DVEHE) is proposed in this paper. The performances of HVAB at different excitation frequencies were compared from three aspects: (a) the cutting force under the different vibration frequencies, (b) the surface roughness of the workpiece, and (c) the flank face wear of the tool. For precision on-line measurement of larger broaching forces, four piezoelectric sensors were fixed on the broaching machine. The experimental results show that HVAB can effectively improve the performance of the broaching process, approximately reduce the broaching force by as much as 9.7% compared to conventional broaching (CB) and improve the surface quality of workpiece. Some explanations are offered to support the observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Meng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Jing Ni
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Yu Shi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Chuan-Yu Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Xiang-Qi Liu
- Ocean Engineering of Research Center, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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