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Bi S, Guo Z, Zhang X, Shi G. Anchorage effects of ligation and direct occlusion in orthodontics: A finite element analysis. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 226:107142. [PMID: 36156441 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.107142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE During orthodontic treatment, the figure-of-eight ligature and the physiological occlusion play an important role in providing anchorage effects. However, their effects on reaction forces of tooth and stress state in periodontal ligament (PDL) have not been quantitatively evaluated yet. In this study, we presented a finite element analysis process for simulating posterior molar ligature and direct occlusion during orthodontics in order to quantitatively assess their anchorage effects. METHODS A high precision 3D biomechanical model containing upper and lower teeth, PDL, brackets and archwire was generated from the images of computed tomographic scan and sophisticated modelling procedures. The orthodontic treatment of closing the extraction gap was simulated via the finite element method to evaluate the biomechanical response of the molars under the conditions with or without ligation. The simulations were divided into experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, orthodontic force of 1 N was first applied, then direct occlusal forces of 3 and 10 N were applied on each opposite tooth. While in the control group, occlusal forces were applied without orthodontic treatment. The tooth displacement, the stress state in the PDL and the directions of the resultant forces on each tooth were evaluated. RESULTS In the case of molars ligated, the maximum hydrostatic stress in the molars' PDL decreases by 60%. When an initial tooth displacement of several microns occurs in response to an orthodontic force, the direction of the occlusal force changes simultaneously. Even a moderate occlusal force (3 N per tooth) can almost completely offset the mesial forces on the maxillary teeth, thus to provide effective anchorage effect for the orthodontics. CONCLUSIONS The proposed method is effective for simulating ligation and direct occlusion. Figure-of-eight ligature can effectively disperse orthodontic forces on the posterior teeth, while a good original occlusal relationship provides considerable anchorage effects in orthodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyang Bi
- Department of Mechanics, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Tianjin 300354, China.
| | - Ziyuan Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300041, China
| | - Xizhong Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300041, China
| | - Guangyu Shi
- Department of Mechanics, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Tianjin 300354, China
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Usmanova Z, Sunbuloglu E. An in-silico approach to modeling orthodontic tooth movement using stimulus-induced external bone adaptation. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 124:104827. [PMID: 34563810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Bone remodeling process has been used in orthodontics to treat malposition of teeth in patients by applying stimuli outside of usual everyday loads to promote tooth movement by affecting equilibrium state of the surrounding bone tissue. Accurate modeling of long term orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is crucial in the field of dental biomechanical research since it allows to predict the behavior and interaction of bone-tooth environment in a non-destructive way, and helps to gain more insight on how exactly tooth motion progresses over time. Existence of such predictive tools might help to avoid the adverse effects of OTM on teeth and the surrounding tissues during this clinical procedure. In this study a new numerical approach to simulating long-term OTM is proposed, that involves external bone adaptation with strain energy density of the bone taken as the stimulus parameter and bone adaptation modeled by nodal movements at the bone-tooth interface using Abaqus UMESHMOTION subroutine. Contrary to conventional re-meshing algorithms, where the mesh of resorbed-apposed bone region is constantly updated and element deletion/creation is performed for each increment, the proposed method only moves nodes without changing the initial mesh topology. For this study, a 3D model of right central maxillary incisor tooth and its surrounding maxillary bone was used for the modeling of OTM for a duration of 1 week. Two test cases were performed and the results from induced tooth motion were investigated. Results indicate tooth movement values that were quite close to clinical values provided in the literature and this method is easily applicable to validate various postulates of OTM via adapting the stimulus-adaption rate relation and patient-specific planning of orthodontic patients as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zumrat Usmanova
- Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Inonu Cad. No:65 34437, Gumussuyu, Beyoglu - ISTANBUL, Turkey
| | - Emin Sunbuloglu
- Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Inonu Cad. No:65 34437, Gumussuyu, Beyoglu - ISTANBUL, Turkey.
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Cattaneo PM, Cornelis MA. Orthodontic Tooth Movement Studied by Finite Element Analysis: an Update. What Can We Learn from These Simulations? Curr Osteoporos Rep 2021; 19:175-181. [PMID: 33538966 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-021-00664-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To produce an updated overview of the use of finite element (FE) analysis for analyzing orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Different levels of simulation complexity, including material properties and level of morphological representation of the alveolar complex, will be presented and evaluated, and the limitations will be discussed. RECENT FINDINGS Complex formulations of the PDL have been proposed, which might be able to correctly predict the behavior of the PDL both when chewing forces and orthodontic forces are simulated in FE models. The recent findings do not corroborate the simplified view of the classical OTM theories. The use of complex and biologically coherent FE models can help understanding the mechanisms leading to OTM as well as predicting the risk of root resorption related to specific force systems and magnitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo M Cattaneo
- Melbourne Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston St, Carlton VIC, Melbourne, 3053, Australia.
| | - Marie A Cornelis
- Melbourne Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston St, Carlton VIC, Melbourne, 3053, Australia
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Wu J, Liu Y, Li B, Wang D, Dong X, Sun Q, Chen G. Numerical simulation of optimal range of rotational moment for the mandibular lateral incisor, canine and first premolar based on biomechanical responses of periodontal ligaments: a case study. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:1569-1577. [PMID: 32951122 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03467-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate the optimal range of rotational moment for the mandibular lateral incisor, canine and first premolar to determine tooth movements during orthodontic treatment using hydrostatic stress and logarithmic strain on the periodontal ligament (PDL) as indicators by numerical simulations. MATERIAL AND METHODS Teeth, PDL and alveolar bone numerical models were constructed as analytical objects based on computed tomography (CT) images. Teeth were assumed to be rigid bodies, and rotational moments ranging from 1.0 to 4.0 Nmm were exerted on the crowns. PDL was defined as a hyperelastic-viscoelastic material with a uniform thickness of 0.25 mm. The alveolar bone model was constructed using a non-uniform material with varied mechanical properties determined based on Hounsfield unit (HU) values calculated using CT images, and its bottom was fixed completely. The optimal range values of PDL compressive and tensile stress were set as 0.47-12.8 and 18.8-51.2 kPa, respectively, whereas that of PDL logarithmic strain was set as 0.15-0.3%. RESULTS The rotational tendency of PDL was around the long axis of teeth when loaded. The optimal range values of rotational moment for the mandibular lateral incisor, canine and first premolar were 2.2-2.3, 3.0-3.1 and 2.8-2.9 Nmm, respectively, referring to the biomechanical responses of loaded PDL. Primarily, the optimal range of rotational moment was quadratically dependent on the area of PDL internal surface (i.e. area of PDL internal surface was used to indicate PDL size), as described by the fitting formula. CONCLUSIONS Biomechanical responses of PDL can be used to estimate the optimal range of rotational moment for teeth. These rotational moments were not consistent for all teeth, as demonstrated by numerical simulations. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The quantitative relationship between the area of PDL internal surface and the optimal orthodontic moment can help orthodontists to determine a more reasonable moment and further optimise clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlei Wu
- Sino-German Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing, Ningbo Polytechnic, Ningbo, 315800, China.,Seal R&D Department, Jianxin Zhao Group Co., Ltd, Ningbo, 315600, China
| | - Yunfeng Liu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China. .,Key Laboratory of Special Purpose Equipment and Advanced Processing Technology, Ministry of Education and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China.
| | - Boxiu Li
- Department of Orthodontics of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Dongcai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Purpose Equipment and Advanced Processing Technology, Ministry of Education and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Xingtao Dong
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China.,Key Laboratory of Special Purpose Equipment and Advanced Processing Technology, Ministry of Education and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Qianli Sun
- Sino-German Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing, Ningbo Polytechnic, Ningbo, 315800, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Sino-German Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing, Ningbo Polytechnic, Ningbo, 315800, China
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Wu J, Liu Y, Wang D, Huang S, Zhang J, Chen J, Dong X. Dynamic measurement of orthodontic force using a tooth movement simulation system based on a wax model. Technol Health Care 2020; 29:457-466. [PMID: 32925124 DOI: 10.3233/thc-202451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthodontic force is often statically measured in general, and only the initial force derived from appliances can be assessed. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate a technological method for measuring dynamic force using tooth movement simulation. METHODS Tooth movement was simulated in a softened wax model. A canine tooth was selected for evaluation and divided into the crown and root. A force transducer was plugged in and fixed between the two parts for measuring force. Forces on this tooth were derived by ordinary nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) wire, hyperelastic Ni-Ti wire, low-hysteresis (LH) Ti-Ni wire and self-made glass fibre-reinforced shape memory polyurethane (GFRSMPU) wire. These forces were measured after the tooth movement. RESULTS The canine tooth moved to the desired location, and only a 0.2 mm deviation remained. The changing trends and magnitudes of forces produced by the wires were consistent with the data reported by other studies. The tooth had a higher moving velocity with ordinary Ni-Ti wires in comparison to the other wires. Force attenuation for the GFRSMPU wire was the lowest (40.17%) at the end of the test, indicating that it provided light but continuous force. CONCLUSIONS Mimicked tooth movements and dynamic force measurements were successfully determined in tooth movement simulation. These findings could help with estimating treatment effects and optimising the treatment plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlei Wu
- Sino-German Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing, Ningbo Polytechnic, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Seal R&D Department, Jianxin Zhao Group Co., Ltd, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunfeng Liu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Special Purpose Equipment and Advanced Processing Technology, Ministry of Education and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongcai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Purpose Equipment and Advanced Processing Technology, Ministry of Education and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Senda Huang
- Key Laboratory of Special Purpose Equipment and Advanced Processing Technology, Ministry of Education and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianxing Zhang
- Department of Stomotology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Xingtao Dong
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Special Purpose Equipment and Advanced Processing Technology, Ministry of Education and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Karimi A, Razaghi R, Biglari H, Rahmati SM, Sandbothe A, Hasani M. Finite element modeling of the periodontal ligament under a realistic kinetic loading of the jaw system. Saudi Dent J 2019; 32:349-356. [PMID: 33132663 PMCID: PMC7588630 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The stresses and deformations in the periodontal ligament (PDL) under the realistic kinetic loading of the jaw system, i.e., chewing, are difficult to be determined numerically as the mechanical properties of the PDL is variably present in different finite element (FE) models. This study was aimed to conduct a dynamic finite element (FE) simulation to investigate the role of the PDL (PDL) material models in the induced stresses and deformations using a simplified patient-specific FE model of a human jaw system. Methods To do that, a realistic kinetic loading of chewing was applied to the incisor point, contralateral, and ipsilateral condyles, through the experimentally proven trajectory approach. Three different material models, including the elasto-plastic, hyperelastic, and viscoelastic, were assigned to the PDL, and the resulted stresses of the tooth FE model were computed and compared. Results The results revealed the highest von Mises stress of 620.14 kPa and the lowest deformation of 0.16 mm in the PDL when using the hyperelastic model. The concentration of the stress in the elastoplastic and viscoelastic models was in the mid-root and apex of the PDL, while for the hyperelastic model, it was concentrated in the cervical margin. The highest deformation in the PDL regardless of the employed material model was located in the caudal direction of the tooth. The viscoelastic PDL absorbed the transmitted energy from the dentine and led to lower stress in the cancellous bone compared to the elastoplastic and hyperelastic material models. Conclusion These results have implications not only for understanding the stresses and deformations in the PDL under chewing but also for providing comprehensive information for the medical and biomechanical experts in regard of the role of the material models being used to address the mechanical behavior of the PDL in other components of the tooth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Karimi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Reza Razaghi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666, Iran.,Basir Eye Health Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Biglari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666, Iran
| | | | - Alix Sandbothe
- Children's Hospital & Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Mojtaba Hasani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
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Wu J, Liu Y, Wang D, Zhang J, Dong X, Jiang X, Xu X. Investigation of effective intrusion and extrusion force for maxillary canine using finite element analysis. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2019; 22:1294-1302. [PMID: 31553278 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2019.1661390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianlei Wu
- Sino-German Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing, Ningbo Polytechnic, Ningbo, China
| | - Yunfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of E&M (Zhejiang University of Technology), Ministry of Education & Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongcai Wang
- Key Laboratory of E&M (Zhejiang University of Technology), Ministry of Education & Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianxing Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingtao Dong
- Key Laboratory of E&M (Zhejiang University of Technology), Ministry of Education & Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of E&M (Zhejiang University of Technology), Ministry of Education & Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xu Xu
- Department of Stomatology, People’s Hospital of Quzhou, Quzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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