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Hyun CM, Kim TG, Lee K. Unsupervised sequence-to-sequence learning for automatic signal quality assessment in multi-channel electrical impedance-based hemodynamic monitoring. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 247:108079. [PMID: 38394789 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2024.108079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE This study proposes an unsupervised sequence-to-sequence learning approach that automatically assesses the motion-induced reliability degradation of the cardiac volume signal (CVS) in multi-channel electrical impedance-based hemodynamic monitoring. The proposed method attempts to tackle shortcomings in existing learning-based assessment approaches, such as the requirement of manual annotation for motion influence and the lack of explicit mechanisms for realizing motion-induced abnormalities under contextual variations in CVS over time. METHOD By utilizing long-short term memory and variational auto-encoder structures, an encoder-decoder model is trained not only to self-reproduce an input sequence of the CVS but also to extrapolate the future in a parallel fashion. By doing so, the model can capture contextual knowledge lying in a temporal CVS sequence while being regularized to explore a general relationship over the entire time-series. A motion-influenced CVS of low-quality is detected, based on the residual between the input sequence and its neural representation with a cut-off value determined from the two-sigma rule of thumb over the training set. RESULT Our experimental observations validated two claims: (i) in the learning environment of label-absence, assessment performance is achievable at a competitive level to the supervised setting, and (ii) the contextual information across a time series of CVS is advantageous for effectively realizing motion-induced unrealistic distortions in signal amplitude and morphology. We also investigated the capability as a pseudo-labeling tool to minimize human-craft annotation by preemptively providing strong candidates for motion-induced anomalies. Empirical evidence has shown that machine-guided annotation can reduce inevitable human-errors during manual assessment while minimizing cumbersome and time-consuming processes. CONCLUSION The proposed method has a particular significance in the industrial field, where it is unavoidable to gather and utilize a large amount of CVS data to achieve high accuracy and robustness in real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Min Hyun
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; School of Mathematics and Computing (Computational Science and Engineering), Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae-Geun Kim
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyounghun Lee
- Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Min Hyun C, Jun Jang T, Nam J, Kwon H, Jeon K, Lee K. Machine learning-based signal quality assessment for cardiac volume monitoring in electrical impedance tomography. MACHINE LEARNING: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-2153/acc637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Owing to recent advances in thoracic electrical impedance tomography (EIT), a patient’s hemodynamic function can be noninvasively and continuously estimated in real-time by surveilling a cardiac volume signal (CVS) associated with stroke volume and cardiac output. In clinical applications, however, a CVS is often of low quality, mainly because of the patient’s deliberate movements or inevitable motions during clinical interventions. This study aims to develop a signal quality indexing method that assesses the influence of motion artifacts on transient CVSs. The assessment is performed on each cardiac cycle to take advantage of the periodicity and regularity in cardiac volume changes. Time intervals are identified using the synchronized electrocardiography system. We apply divergent machine-learning methods, which can be sorted into discriminative-model and manifold-learning approaches. The use of machine-learning could be suitable for our real-time monitoring application that requires fast inference and automation as well as high accuracy. In the clinical environment, the proposed method can be utilized to provide immediate warnings so that clinicians can minimize confusion regarding patients’ conditions, reduce clinical resource utilization, and improve the confidence level of the monitoring system. Numerous experiments using actual EIT data validate the capability of CVSs degraded by motion artifacts to be accurately and automatically assessed in real-time by machine learning. The best model achieved an accuracy of 0.95, positive and negative predictive values of 0.96 and 0.86, sensitivity of 0.98, specificity of 0.77, and AUC of 0.96.
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Nepal P, Bagga B, Feng L, Chandarana H. Respiratory Motion Management in Abdominal MRI: Radiology In Training. Radiology 2023; 306:47-53. [PMID: 35997609 PMCID: PMC9792710 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.220448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A 96-year-old woman had a suboptimal evaluation of liver observations at abdominal MRI due to significant respiratory motion. State-of-the-art strategies to minimize respiratory motion during clinical abdominal MRI are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Nepal
- From the Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55
Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114 (P.N.); Department of Radiology, New York University
School of Medicine, New York, NY (B.B., H.C.); and Biomedical Engineering and
Imaging Institute and Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount
Sinai, New York, NY (L.F.)
| | - Barun Bagga
- From the Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55
Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114 (P.N.); Department of Radiology, New York University
School of Medicine, New York, NY (B.B., H.C.); and Biomedical Engineering and
Imaging Institute and Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount
Sinai, New York, NY (L.F.)
| | - Li Feng
- From the Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55
Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114 (P.N.); Department of Radiology, New York University
School of Medicine, New York, NY (B.B., H.C.); and Biomedical Engineering and
Imaging Institute and Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount
Sinai, New York, NY (L.F.)
| | - Hersh Chandarana
- From the Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55
Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114 (P.N.); Department of Radiology, New York University
School of Medicine, New York, NY (B.B., H.C.); and Biomedical Engineering and
Imaging Institute and Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount
Sinai, New York, NY (L.F.)
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Hyun CM, Bayaraa T, Yun HS, Jang TJ, Park HS, Seo JK. Deep learning method for reducing metal artifacts in dental cone-beam CT using supplementary information from intra-oral scan. Phys Med Biol 2022; 67. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac8852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective. Recently, dental cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) methods have been improved to significantly reduce radiation dose while maintaining image resolution with minimal equipment cost. In low-dose CBCT environments, metallic inserts such as implants, crowns, and dental fillings cause severe artifacts, which result in a significant loss of morphological structures of teeth in reconstructed images. Such metal artifacts prevent accurate 3D bone-teeth-jaw modeling for diagnosis and treatment planning. However, the performance of existing metal artifact reduction (MAR) methods in handling the loss of the morphological structures of teeth in reconstructed CT images remains relatively limited. In this study, we developed an innovative MAR method to achieve optimal restoration of anatomical details. Approach. The proposed MAR approach is based on a two-stage deep learning-based method. In the first stage, we employ a deep learning network that utilizes intra-oral scan data as side-inputs and performs multi-task learning of auxiliary tooth segmentation. The network is designed to improve the learning ability of capturing teeth-related features effectively while mitigating metal artifacts. In the second stage, a 3D bone-teeth-jaw model is constructed with weighted thresholding, where the weighting region is determined depending on the geometry of the intra-oral scan data. Main results. The results of numerical simulations and clinical experiments are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach. Significance. We propose for the first time a MAR method using radiation-free intra-oral scan data as supplemental information on the tooth morphological structures of teeth, which is designed to perform accurate 3D bone-teeth-jaw modeling in low-dose CBCT environments.
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Volinski A, Zaidel Y, Shalumov A, DeWolf T, Supic L, Ezra Tsur E. Data-driven artificial and spiking neural networks for inverse kinematics in neurorobotics. PATTERNS (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 3:100391. [PMID: 35079712 PMCID: PMC8767299 DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.2021.100391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Inverse kinematics is fundamental for computational motion planning. It is used to derive an appropriate state in a robot's configuration space, given a target position in task space. In this work, we investigate the performance of fully connected and residual artificial neural networks as well as recurrent, learning-based, and deep spiking neural networks for conventional and geometrically constrained inverse kinematics. We show that while highly parameterized data-driven neural networks with tens to hundreds of thousands of parameters exhibit sub-ms inference time and sub-mm accuracy, learning-based spiking architectures can provide reasonably good results with merely a few thousand neurons. Moreover, we show that spiking neural networks can perform well in geometrically constrained task space, even when configured to an energy-conserved spiking rate, demonstrating their robustness. Neural networks were evaluated on NVIDIA's Xavier and Intel's neuromorphic Loihi chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Volinski
- Neuro-Biomorphic Engineering Lab, The Open University of Israel, Ra'anana, Israel
| | - Yuval Zaidel
- Neuro-Biomorphic Engineering Lab, The Open University of Israel, Ra'anana, Israel
| | - Albert Shalumov
- Neuro-Biomorphic Engineering Lab, The Open University of Israel, Ra'anana, Israel
| | | | | | - Elishai Ezra Tsur
- Neuro-Biomorphic Engineering Lab, The Open University of Israel, Ra'anana, Israel
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Embedded Generative Air Pollution Model with Variational Autoencoder and Environmental Factor Effect in Ulaanbaatar City. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution is one of the most pressing modern-day issues in cities around the world. However, most cities have adopted air quality measurement devices that only measure the past pollution levels without paying attention to the influencing factors. To obtain preliminary pollution information with regard to environmental factors, we developed a variational autoencoder and feedforward neural network-based embedded generative model to examine the relationship between air quality and the effects of environmental factors. In the model, actual SO2, NO2, PM2.5, PM10, and CO measurements from 2016 to 2020 were used, which were assembled from 15 differently located ground monitoring stations in Ulaanbaatar city. A wide range of weather and fuel measurements were used as the data for the influencing factors, and were collected over the same period as the air pollution data were recorded. The prediction results concerned all measurement stations, and the results were visualized as a spatial–temporal distribution of pollution and the performance of individual stations. A cross-validated R2 was used to estimate the entire pollution distribution through the regions as SO2: 0.81, PM2.5: 0.76, PM10: 0.89, and CO: 0.83. Pearson’s chi-squared tests were used for assessing each measurement station, and the contingency tables represent a high correlation between the actual and model results. The model can be applied to perform specific analysis of the interdependencies between pollution and environmental factors, and the performance of the model improves with long-range data.
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Hemorrhage Detection Based on 3D CNN Deep Learning Framework and Feature Fusion for Evaluating Retinal Abnormality in Diabetic Patients. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21113865. [PMID: 34205120 PMCID: PMC8199947 DOI: 10.3390/s21113865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the main cause of blindness in diabetic patients. Early and accurate diagnosis can improve the analysis and prognosis of the disease. One of the earliest symptoms of DR are the hemorrhages in the retina. Therefore, we propose a new method for accurate hemorrhage detection from the retinal fundus images. First, the proposed method uses the modified contrast enhancement method to improve the edge details from the input retinal fundus images. In the second stage, a new convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture is proposed to detect hemorrhages. A modified pre-trained CNN model is used to extract features from the detected hemorrhages. In the third stage, all extracted feature vectors are fused using the convolutional sparse image decomposition method, and finally, the best features are selected by using the multi-logistic regression controlled entropy variance approach. The proposed method is evaluated on 1509 images from HRF, DRIVE, STARE, MESSIDOR, DIARETDB0, and DIARETDB1 databases and achieves the average accuracy of 97.71%, which is superior to the previous works. Moreover, the proposed hemorrhage detection system attains better performance, in terms of visual quality and quantitative analysis with high accuracy, in comparison with the state-of-the-art methods.
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Ma L, Chen M, Gu X, Lu W. Deep learning-based inverse mapping for fluence map prediction. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:10.1088/1361-6560/abc12c. [PMID: 33053515 PMCID: PMC8044255 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abc12c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We developed a fluence map prediction method that directly generates fluence maps for a given desired dose distribution without optimization for volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) planning. The prediction consists of two steps. First, projections of the desired dose are calculated and then inversely mapped to fluence maps in the phantom geometry by a deep neural network. Second, a plan scaling technique is applied to scale fluence maps from phantom to patient geometry. We evaluated the performance of the proposed fluence map prediction method for 102 head and neck (H&N) and 14 prostate cancer VMAT plans by comparing the patient doses calculated from the predicted fluence maps with the given desired dose distributions. The mean dose differences were 1.42% ± 0.37%, 1.53% ± 0.44% and 1.25% ± 0.44% for the planning target volume (PTV), the region from the PTV boundary to the 50% isodose line, and the region from the 50% to the 20% isodose line, respectively. The gamma passing rate was 98.06% ± 2.64% with the 3 mm/3% criterion. The prediction time for a single VMAT plan was less than one second. In conclusion, we developed an inverse mapping-based method that predicts fluence maps for desired dose distributions with high accuracy. Our method is effectively an optimization-free inverse planning approach, which was orders of magnitude faster than fluence map optimization. Combining the proposed method with leaf sequencing has the potential to dramatically speed up VMAT treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ma
- Medical Artificial Intelligence and Automation Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 2280 Inwood Rd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Mingli Chen
- Medical Artificial Intelligence and Automation Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 2280 Inwood Rd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xuejun Gu
- Medical Artificial Intelligence and Automation Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 2280 Inwood Rd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Weiguo Lu
- Medical Artificial Intelligence and Automation Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 2280 Inwood Rd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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