Association between clinical parameters and ST-segment resolution after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Impact of age on pre-procedural TIMI flow in STEMI patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention

BACKGROUND

Advanced age is a major determinant of impaired prognosis among patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, the mechanisms associated with suboptimal reperfusion and enhanced complications are still largely undefined. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of age on the angiographic findings and the procedural results of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) in patients with STEMI.

METHODS

A consecutive cohort of patients admitted for STEMI treated with pPCI were included. Infarct-related artery (IRA) patency was defined for preprocedural TIMI flow 3.

RESULTS

We included 520 patients, divided according to age tertiles (<61; 61-72; ≥73). Elderly patients were more often females, with hypertension, renal failure, prior myocardial infarction or PCI, with lower rates of smoking history, haemoglobin, leukocytes and cholesterol (P < 0.001), lower ejection fraction (P = 0.02), higher use of renin angiotensin system inhibitors, statins, ASA, calcium antagonists, diuretics and beta blockers. At angiography, for the IRA, percentage of thrombus (P = 0.02) and stenosis (P = 0.01), direct stenting (P = 0.02) and glycoprotein IIb-IIIa inhibitors (P = 0.04) inversely related with age, but for higher restenosis (P = 0.04). IRA patency was more common in patients aged ≥73 years (27.9% vs. 32.3% vs. 41.1%, P = 0.01). The impact of age on preprocedural TIMI flow was confirmed at multivariate analysis [adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 0.68 (0.47-0.98), P = 0.04].

CONCLUSION

The present study shows that among STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI, more advanced age represents an independent predictor of preprocedural IRA patency. Future studies will define the implications on procedural results and long-term prognosis.

[Clinical and laboratory features of primary acute myocardial infarction in patients with obstructive and non-obstructive coronary atherosclerosis]

According to the literature, 40-60% of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have obstructive multivessel coronary artery disease (CA) and 8.8% of patients have non-obstructive CA lesions. And it is around these two groups of patients that there are active discussions and disputes regarding the choice of optimal treatment tactics and further prognosis. The aim of the study was to study clinical and laboratory features of development and course of primary AMI in patients with multi-and single-vessel obstructive lesion of the CA compared with patients with non-obstructive CA lesions. Methods. The study has included patients hospitalized "through the ambulance channel" in the Department of cardiac intensive care of municipal clinical hospital named after S. S. Yudin Moscow with a diagnosis "primary acute myocardial infarction", ACS with and without ST segment elevation, unstable angina in 2015-2016. The diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was established at the hospital stage according to the criteria of the "Third universal definition of myocardial infarction" in 2012. The study included 1240 patients who underwent coronary angiography (CAG) no later than 12 hours from the time of admission. The first group (comparison group) consisted of patients with AMI and the first detected multivessel obstructive atherosclerotic lesion of CA (664 patients), the second (interest group) consisted of patients with AMI and non-obstructive atherosclerotic lesion of CA (96 patients) meeting the MINOCA criteria. The third group consisted of patients with single-vessel obstructive lesion and complete acute occlusion of the CA (272 patients). Patients with hemodynamically significant lesions of the left CA trunk were not included in the study. The clinical and laboratory features of the course of acute primary myocardial infarction in patients with obstructive and non-obstructive coronary atherosclerosis were studied. The generally accepted statistical processing methods were used. A year after discharge from the hospital, 727 patients (468 patients from the 1st group, 78 from the 2nd group, 181 from the 3rd group) were interviewed by means of a structured telephone survey about the course of the disease (collection of medical history). The median follow-up was 12 months. (interquartile range 11-13 months). The endpoints were: re-hospitalization for any reason, re-coronary event, death. The received answers are entered into questionnaires and statistically processed. Results and conclusions. In patients with AMI and non-obstructive atherosclerotic CA lesion, pain behind the sternum is observed one and a half times less often (54.2%) than in patients with obstructive CA lesion (MOAPCA 86.1%, OAPCA 89.7%) and the cardiac co duction system is almost three times more likely to be affected ( 30% versus 8.4% and 12%). Only 12.5% of patients in this group had an abnormal Q wave (Q - myocardial infarction) on the ECG, therefore, a smaller volume of myocardial damage and a lower level of troponin than in patients of groups 1 and 3. During the first year after the development of AMI, patients with obstructive coronary atherosclerosis did not experience repeated coronary events, there were no indications for conducting CAG, PCI or CABG, in contrast to patients with obstructive lesion of CA. For multivascular obstruction (group 1), PCI was performed in 9.6% of patients and 3.8% of CABG. PCI was performed in group 3 with obstructive single-vessel lesion of CA in 7.7% of patients. In patients with AMI and obstructive single-vessel atherosclerotic lesion of CA (group 3), two and a half times less often (9.1%) myocardial reperfusion injury is observed, while in patients with multivascular obstructive CA defeat, this syndrome was observed in 21.3%.