Abrir las puertas de la UCI. Una necesidad inexcusable

The family in the intensive care unit in the face of a situational crisis

OBJECTIVE

to explore the experience of family members of a relative hospitalised in the Intensive Care Unit and recognise their emotions and needs and describe the phases or milestones they go through and the strategies they use to cope with the situations that arise.

METHOD

Qualitative study developed under the grounded theory method proposed by Anselm Strauss and Juliet Corbin. During the period from July 2017 to July 2019, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 26 relatives of hospitalised patients in fifteen third-level private clinics in the city of Manizales and Medellín, Colombia. In the latter, 200 h of participant observation were performed in ICUs of two private third-level clinics. The analysis procedure consisted of a microanalysis of the data and the process of open, axial, and selective coding of the information was continued.

RESULTS

We identified that the experience of relatives when they accompany their sick relative in the Intensive Care Unit is represented in two categories: family disorganisation which is characterised by generating a change and mismatch in family dynamics and, family reorganisation in which a restoration of order is sought to cope with the situation.

CONCLUSIONS

The family in the Intensive Care Unit develops a situational crisis characterised by intense, varied, and negative emotions and needs that wear down the relatives. Faced with this, family members undertake a reorganisation process to restore the order of family dynamics to cope with the situation and overcome difficulties.

Impacto de la aplicación de medidas de humanización en unidades de hemodiálisis

Introducción: El papel de la Enfermería Nefrológica en el cuidado y atención humanizada de los pacientes en hemodiálisis es fundamental. Objetivos: Analizar la satisfacción percibida por pacientes y profesionales sanitarios de unidades de hemodiálisis tras la implementación de un programa para potenciar la humanización de la asistencia. Material y Método: Estudio analítico longitudinal prospectivo cuasiexperimental con grupo control histórico. La recogida de datos se realizó en un periodo de 13 meses en 16 centros de la Fundación Renal Íñigo Álvarez de Toledo, a un total de 667 pacientes y 180 trabajadores. Se emplearon dos cuestionarios autoadministrados, uno para pacientes y otro para profesionales. Resultados: Tras la implantación del programa, el número de pacientes que considera que el personal siempre les informa sobre los procedimientos aumentó de forma significativa (p=0,043) y un 62,4% de los pacientes valoró como importante que pueda entrar algún familiar o persona cercana durante la sesión. Tras la implantación del proyecto, el 49,2% de los profesionales sanitarios consideraron siempre necesaria la formación en el ámbito de la humanización y opinaban que sería conveniente mejorarla (p>0,005). Conclusiones: Se ha advertido un incremento significativo en la satisfacción de los pacientes respecto a la información proporcionada por los profesionales y la cercanía de éstos. Se han verificado valores muy positivos respecto al trato humanizado que reciben los pacientes y su comodidad durante las sesiones de hemodiálisis. Por otra parte, los profesionales consideran necesaria la formación en el ámbito de la humanización y creen que sería conveniente mejorarla en las unidades.

The family in the intensive care unit in the face of a situational crisis

OBJECTIVE

To explore the experience of family members of a relative hospitalized in the intensive care unit and recognize their emotions and needs and describe the phases or milestones they go through and the strategies they use to cope with the situations that arise.

METHOD

Qualitative study developed under the grounded theory method proposed by Anselm Strauss and Juliet Corbin. During the period from July 2017 to July 2019, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 26 relatives of hospitalized patients in fifteen third-level private clinics in the city of Manizales and Medellín, Colombia. In the latter, 200 hours of participant observation were performed in ICUs of two private third-level clinics. The analysis procedure consisted of a microanalysis of the data and the process of open, axial, and selective coding of the information was continued.

RESULTS

We identified that the experience of relatives when they accompany their sick relative in the intensive care unit is represented in two categories: family disorganization which is characterized by generating a change and mismatch in family dynamics and, family reorganization in which a restoration of order is sought to cope with the situation.

CONCLUSIONS

The family in the intensive care unit develops a situational crisis characterized by intense, varied, and negative emotions and needs that wear down the relatives. Faced with this, family members undertake a reorganization process to restore the order of family dynamics to cope with the situation and overcome difficulties.

Nurse-family relationship. Beyond the opening of doors and schedules

INTRODUCTION

Care in the Intensive Care Unit involves contemplating, among other dimensions of the patient, the family. For this, it is necessary for the nurse to establish relationships with the patient's relatives.

OBJECTIVE

To identify the way in which the nurse-family relationship is established in the adult ICU, as well as the conditions, elements and factors that favour or hinder it.

METHOD

Integrative narrative review of the scientific literature. The databases consulted were Ovid, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Clinical Key, Google Scholar and Scielo. Articles in English and Spanish published between 2014 and 2018 were searched. The descriptors and formulas used were selected according to the acronym Population and their problems, Exposure and Outcomes or themes- PEO. The population comprised ICU nurses and the relatives of patients in critical condition; Adult Intensive Care Unit exposure or context; the expected results, and how they are related. For the methodological evaluation, the STROBE guide was used for observational articles, PRISMA for review articles, COREQ for qualitative articles and CASPe for articles derived from projects.

RESULTS

We identified 214 articles, of which 63 were selected to be included in the review. The central themes identified were: the ICU environment and its effects on the family, empathy as an indicator of relationship, interaction as a means of relating, communication as the centre of relationships and barriers to the establishment of relationships.

CONCLUSIONS

The nurse-family relationship in the Intensive Care Unit is based on interaction and communication amidst human, physical, regulatory and administrative barriers. Improving the nurse-family relationship contributes to the humanization of Adult Intensive Care Units.

Hospital care for adolescents with cancer in Spain: Needs, resources and organisational model

In Spain, adolescents with cancer are treated in Pediatric Onco-Hematology Units or in Adult Oncology Units. For this reason, the Spanish Federation of Parents of Children with Cancer carried out two surveys in 2013 and 2014 to know the differences in provision of psico-social services to the patients and their relatives among both types of Units. Twenty eight Pediatric and 18 Adult Units provided information. The results showed that the Pediatric Units were better adapted to the needs of the adolescent and family patients and to Spanish Health Authorities recommendations: more appropriate environment, resources for education and leisure, facilities to parents and relatives. Specialized Psycosocial care by psychologists and social workers is insufficient in both cases and the compliance with national and international recommendations is weak. However, specific adolescents' Units are starting to be created in Spain, following the experiences in other countries that define the new role of nurse as an essential linchpin in the care team.

Structure of the Anesthesia Intensive Care Units: Recommendations of the Intensive Care Section of the Spanish Society of Anaesthesiology

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

In this article, the Intensive Care Section of the Spanish Society of Anesthesiology (SCI-SEDAR) establishes new recommendations based on the standards published by the Ministry of Health, Consumer Affairs and Social Welfare and aligned with the principle international guidelines, and develops a tool to improve quality and efficiency.

MATERIALS AND METHOD

Over a 12-month period (2018), 3 members of the SCI-SEDAR defined the methodology, developed the recommendations and selected the panel of experts. Due to the limited evidence available for many of the recommendations and the significant structural differences between existing anesthesia intensive care units, we chose a modified Delphi approach to determine the degree of consensus.

RESULTS

The panel consisted of 24 experts from 21 institutions. The group put forward 175 recommendations on 8 sections, including 129 with strong consensus and 46 with weak consensus.

CONCLUSIONS

The SCI-SEDAR has established a series of structural recommendations that should be used when renovating or creating new anesthesia intensive care units.

Hospital care for adolescents with cancer in Spain: Needs, resources and organisational model

In Spain, adolescents with cancer are treated in paediatric onco-haematology units or in adult oncologyunits. For this reason, the Spanish Federation of Parents of Children with Cancer carried out 2 surveys, one in 2013 and other in 2014, to determine the differences in provision of psycho-social services to the patients and their relatives between the 2 types of units. Twenty-eight paediatric and 18 adult units provided information. The results showed that the paediatric units were better adapted to the needs of the adolescent and family patients and to Spanish health authority recommendations: more appropriate environment, resources for education and leisure, facilities for parents and relatives. Specialised psycho-social care from psychologists and social workers is insufficient in both cases and the compliance with national and international recommendations is weak. However, specific units for adolescents are starting to be created in Spain, following the experiences in other countries that define the new role of the nurse as an essential linchpin in the care team.