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Rocha R, Conceição C, Gonçalves L, Maia C. Epidemiological and clinical trends of visceral leishmaniasis in Portugal: retrospective analysis of cases diagnosed in public hospitals between 2010 and 2020. Infect Dis Poverty 2024; 13:41. [PMID: 38822396 PMCID: PMC11143621 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-024-01204-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmania infantum is endemic in the Mediterranean region, presenting mostly as visceral leishmaniasis (VL). In Portugal, reporting of VL cases to public health authorities is mandatory, but significant underreporting is likely. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological and clinical aspects of the VL cases diagnosed in hospitals of the Portuguese National Health Service (NHS), between 2010 and 2020. METHODS Collaboration was requested to every hospital of the Portuguese NHS in Mainland Portugal. Cases were screened through a search of diagnostic discharge codes or, if not available, by a search of positive laboratory results for Leishmania infection. Sociodemographic and clinical data was retrieved from medical records. Simultaneously, the National Health authority was contacted to request access to data of notified cases of VL between 2010 and 2020. Descriptive, hypothesis testing and multiple binary logistic regression models were performed. RESULTS A total of 221 VL cases were identified. A significant increase in estimated national incidence was seen in the years after 2016 (P = 0.030). VL was predominantly diagnosed in people living with HIV (PLWH) and in children (representing around 60% of the new cases), but the outcome was generally poorer in non-HIV patients with associated immunosuppression, with significantly lower rates of clinical improvement at 7 (P = 0.003) and 30 days (P = 0.008) after treatment. Atypical presentations, with gastrointestinal and/or respiratory involvement, were seen in 8.5% of VL cases. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis was diagnosed in 40.0% of children under 5 years of age. Only 49.7% of incident VL cases were reported. Simultaneous involvement of the skin was confirmed in 5.9% of patients. CONCLUSIONS VL presents a continuing threat in Portugal, especially to PLWH and children, and an increasing threat to other immunosuppressed groups. Recent increases in incidence should be closely monitored to allow prompt interventions. Programs to control the disease should focus on providing tools for earlier diagnosis and on reducing underreporting and promoting an integrated surveillance of human and animal disease. These data should be combined with asymptomatic infection and vector information, following a One Health approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Rocha
- Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (IHMT), University Novaof Lisbon (UNL), Rua da Junqueira Nº100, Lisboa, 1349-008, Portugal
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA- REAL, IHMT, UNL, Rua da Junqueira Nº100, Lisboa, 1349-008, Portugal
- University Hospital Center of São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, 4200-319, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Conceição
- Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (IHMT), University Novaof Lisbon (UNL), Rua da Junqueira Nº100, Lisboa, 1349-008, Portugal
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA- REAL, IHMT, UNL, Rua da Junqueira Nº100, Lisboa, 1349-008, Portugal
| | - Luzia Gonçalves
- Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (IHMT), University Novaof Lisbon (UNL), Rua da Junqueira Nº100, Lisboa, 1349-008, Portugal
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA- REAL, IHMT, UNL, Rua da Junqueira Nº100, Lisboa, 1349-008, Portugal
- Faculty of Sciences, Centre of Statistics and its Application of the University of Lisbon, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, Lisboa, 1749-016, Portugal
- , Z-Stat4life, Cowork Space Baldaya, Baldaya Palace, Estrada de Benfica Nº 701ª, Lisboa, 1549-011, Portugal
| | - Carla Maia
- Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (IHMT), University Novaof Lisbon (UNL), Rua da Junqueira Nº100, Lisboa, 1349-008, Portugal.
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA- REAL, IHMT, UNL, Rua da Junqueira Nº100, Lisboa, 1349-008, Portugal.
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Seck I, Ciss I, Diédhiou A, Baldé M, Ka S, Ba LA, Ndoye SF, Figadère B, Seon-Meniel B, Gomez G, Cojean S, Pomel S, Loiseau PM, Fall Y, Seck M. 1,2,3-triazenes and 1,2,3-triazoles as antileishmanial, antitrypanosomal, and antiplasmodial agents. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02994-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Lymphatic filariasis and visceral leishmaniasis coinfection: A review on their epidemiology, therapeutic, and immune responses. Acta Trop 2021; 224:106117. [PMID: 34464587 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Coinfection is less commonly observed in individuals around the world, yet it is more common than the single infection. Around 800 million people worldwide are infected with helminths as a result of various diseases. Lymphatic filariasis (LF) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) are chronic, deadly, crippling, and debilitating neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) that are endemic in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Due to poor hygienic conditions, poverty, and genetic predisposition, those living in endemic areas are more likely to develop both leishmaniasis and filariasis. One of the key challenges in the management of LF/VL coinfection is the development of an effective therapeutic strategy that not only treats the first episode of VL but also prevents LF. However, there is a scarcity of knowledge and data on the relationship between LF and VL coinfection. While reviewing it was apparent that only a few studies relevant to LF/VL coinfections have been reported from southeastern Spain, Sudan, and the Indian subcontinents, highlighting the need for greater research in the most affected areas. We also looked at LF and VL as a single disease and also as a coinfection. Some features of the immune response evolved in mammalian hosts against LF and VL alone or against coinfection are also discussed, including epidemiology, therapeutic regimens, and vaccines. In addition to being potentially useful in clinical research, our findings imply the need for improved diagnostic methodology and therapeutics, which could accelerate the deployment of more specific and effective diagnosis for treatments to lessen the impact of VL/LF coinfections in the population.
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Monge-Maillo B, López-Vélez R. Anfotericina B liposomal en el tratamiento de la leishmaniasis visceral. Rev Iberoam Micol 2021; 38:101-104. [PMID: 34127386 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A review on the current evidence of the efficacy and security of liposomal amphotericinB (L-AmB) for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has been performed. In the Indian subcontinent, a single dose of 10mg/kg has shown effectiveness in the treatment of VL due to Leishmania donovani. In contrast, higher doses of L-AmB (up to 30mg/kg) are required in Africa to treat a VL of the same etiology. When treating VL by Leishmania infantum acquired in the Americas and Europe the usual dose of L-AmB is 20-21mg/kg. In HIV co-infected patients the required doses are usually higher, up to 60mg/kg, and if it is administered in a prophylactic schedule after the treatment of VL relapses are reduced. L-AmB has shown synergism with other antiparasitic drugs, especially with paromomycin in the Indian subcontinent and with miltefosin in patients coinfected with HIV in East Africa. Due to its efficacy and safety profile, L-AmB is the first therapeutic option for VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Monge-Maillo
- Unidad de Referencia Nacional para Enfermedades Tropicales, Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, España
| | - Rogelio López-Vélez
- Unidad de Referencia Nacional para Enfermedades Tropicales, Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, España.
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Menghini L, Ferrante C, Carradori S, D’Antonio M, Orlando G, Cairone F, Cesa S, Filippi A, Fraschetti C, Zengin G, Ak G, Tacchini M, Iqbal K. Chemical and Bioinformatics Analyses of the Anti-Leishmanial and Anti-Oxidant Activities of Hemp Essential Oil. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020272. [PMID: 33673274 PMCID: PMC7917915 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Industrial hemp is a multiuse crop that has been widely cultivated to produce fibers and nutrients. The capability of the essential oil (EO) from inflorescences as antimicrobial agent has been reported. However, literature data are still lacking about the hemp EO antiprotozoal efficacy in vivo. The present study aims to unravel this concern through the evaluation of the efficacy of hemp EOs (2.5 mL/kg, intraperitoneally) of three different cultivars, namely Futura 75, Carmagnola selezionata and Eletta campana, in mice intraperitoneally infected with Leishmania tropica. A detailed description of EO composition and targets-components analysis is reported. Myrcene, α-pinene and E-caryophyllene were the main components of the EOs, as indicated by the gas-chromatographic analysis. However, a prominent position in the scenario of the theoretical interactions underlying the bio-pharmacological activity was also occupied by selina-3,7(11)-diene, which displayed affinities in the micromolar range (5.4–28.9) towards proliferator-activated receptor α, cannabinoid CB2 receptor and acetylcholinesterase. The content of this compound was higher in Futura 75 and Eletta campana, in accordance with their higher scavenging/reducing properties and efficacy against the tissue wound, induced by L. tropica. Overall, the present study recommends hemp female inflorescences, as sources of biomolecules with potential pharmacological applications, especially towards infective diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.M.); (S.C.); (G.O.)
| | - Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.M.); (S.C.); (G.O.)
- Correspondence: (C.F.); (M.T.); Tel./Fax: +39-0871-355-4753 (C.F.)
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.M.); (S.C.); (G.O.)
| | | | - Giustino Orlando
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.M.); (S.C.); (G.O.)
| | - Francesco Cairone
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (S.C.); (A.F.); (C.F.)
| | - Stefania Cesa
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (S.C.); (A.F.); (C.F.)
| | - Antonello Filippi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (S.C.); (A.F.); (C.F.)
| | - Caterina Fraschetti
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (S.C.); (A.F.); (C.F.)
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, 42130 Konya, Turkey; (G.Z.); (G.A.)
| | - Gunes Ak
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, 42130 Konya, Turkey; (G.Z.); (G.A.)
| | - Massimo Tacchini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (SVeB), UR7 Terra&Acqua Tech, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.F.); (M.T.); Tel./Fax: +39-0871-355-4753 (C.F.)
| | - Kashif Iqbal
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad 54590, Pakistan;
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Alven S, Aderibigbe BA. Nanoparticles Formulations of Artemisinin and Derivatives as Potential Therapeutics for the Treatment of Cancer, Leishmaniasis and Malaria. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E748. [PMID: 32784933 PMCID: PMC7466127 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12080748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer, malaria, and leishmaniasis remain the deadly diseases around the world although several strategies of treatment have been developed. However, most of the drugs used to treat the aforementioned diseases suffer from several pharmacological limitations such as poor pharmacokinetics, toxicity, drug resistance, poor bioavailability and water solubility. Artemisinin and its derivatives are antimalarial drugs. However, they also exhibit anticancer and antileishmanial activity. They have been evaluated as potential anticancer and antileishmanial drugs but their use is also limited by their poor water solubility and poor bioavailability. To overcome the aforementioned limitations associated with artemisinin and its derivatives used for the treatment of these diseases, they have been incorporated into nanoparticles. Several researchers incorporated this class of drugs into nanoparticles resulting in enhanced therapeutic outcomes. Their potential efficacy for the treatment of parasitic infections such as malaria and leishmaniasis and chronic diseases such as cancer has been reported. This review article will be focused on the nanoparticles formulations of artemisinin and derivatives for the treatment of cancer, malaria, and leishmaniasis and the biological outcomes (in vitro and in vivo).
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Gutierrez-Corbo C, Dominguez-Asenjo B, Vossen LI, Pérez-Pertejo Y, Muñoz-Fenández MA, Balaña-Fouce R, Calderón M, Reguera RM. PEGylated Dendritic Polyglycerol Conjugate Delivers Doxorubicin to the Parasitophorous Vacuole in Leishmania infantum
Infections. Macromol Biosci 2017; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201700098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Camino Gutierrez-Corbo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad de León; 24071 León Spain
- Laboratorio de InmunoBiologia Molecular; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon; Spanish HIV HGM BioBank; IiSGM and CIBER-BBN; 28007 Madrid Spain
| | - Barbara Dominguez-Asenjo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad de León; 24071 León Spain
| | - Laura I. Vossen
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Yolanda Pérez-Pertejo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad de León; 24071 León Spain
| | - Maria A. Muñoz-Fenández
- Laboratorio de InmunoBiologia Molecular; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon; Spanish HIV HGM BioBank; IiSGM and CIBER-BBN; 28007 Madrid Spain
| | - Rafael Balaña-Fouce
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad de León; 24071 León Spain
| | - Marcelo Calderón
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Rosa M. Reguera
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad de León; 24071 León Spain
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Brasil PF, de Freitas JA, Barreto ALS, Adade CM, Reis de Sá LF, Constantino-Teles P, Toledo FT, de Sousa BA, Gonçalves AC, Romanos MTV, Comasseto JV, dos Santos AA, Tessis AC, Souto-Padrón T, Soares RMA, Ferreira-Pereira A. Antiproliferative and ultrastructural effects of phenethylamine derivatives on promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania ( Leishmania ) infantum chagasi. Parasitol Int 2017; 66:47-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Benbella I, Aich F, Elkhiyat M, Khalki H, Khermach A, Bergui I, Tlemçani I, Hassani MA. [Visceral leishmaniasis in adults: about twelve cases]. Pan Afr Med J 2017; 23:194. [PMID: 27347283 PMCID: PMC4907749 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2016.23.194.8921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
La leishmaniose viscérale est une maladie à transmission vectorielle liée essentiellement, au niveau de pourtour méditerranéen, à l'infection par leishmania infantum. Habituellement rare chez l'adulte, sa prévalence a récemment connu une augmentation y compris chez les sujets immunocompétents. Le but de notre étude est de présenter le profil épidémiologique de la leishmaniose viscérale chez l'adulte ainsi que l'importance du diagnostique biologique dans l'identification de cette maladie. Notre étude s'est étendue sur six ans de Janvier 2009 à Janvier 2014, et a colligé douze patients hospitalisés au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hassan II de Fès. L'altération de l’état général et la splénomégalie ont dominé le tableau clinique. Sur le plan biologique, l'anémie a été quasi constante. La confirmation diagnostique a consisté en la mise en évidence du parasite au niveau de la moelle. L’évolution sous traitement a été favorable pour tous nos patients. Ainsi, la recrudescence que connait la leishmaniose viscérale chez l'adulte et son tableau clinique peu spécifique doit la faire évoquer devant toute splénomégalie fébrile, afin de permettre un diagnostic et une prise en charge thérapeutique précoces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Benbella
- Service d'Hématologie, Laboratoire des Analyses Médicales, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Fès, Maroc
| | - Fatima Aich
- Service d'Hématologie, Laboratoire des Analyses Médicales, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Fès, Maroc
| | - Majdouline Elkhiyat
- Service d'Hématologie, Laboratoire des Analyses Médicales, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Fès, Maroc
| | - Hanane Khalki
- Service d'Hématologie, Laboratoire des Analyses Médicales, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Fès, Maroc
| | - Assya Khermach
- Service d'Hématologie, Laboratoire des Analyses Médicales, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Fès, Maroc
| | - Imane Bergui
- Service d'Hématologie, Laboratoire des Analyses Médicales, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Fès, Maroc
| | - Imane Tlemçani
- Service d'Hématologie, Laboratoire des Analyses Médicales, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Fès, Maroc
| | - Moncef Amrani Hassani
- Service d'Hématologie, Laboratoire des Analyses Médicales, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Fès, Maroc
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Poloxamer 407 (Pluronic(®) F127)-based polymeric micelles for amphotericin B: In vitro biological activity, toxicity and in vivo therapeutic efficacy against murine tegumentary leishmaniasis. Exp Parasitol 2016; 169:34-42. [PMID: 27427166 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a Poloxamer 407-based amphotericin B (AmpB)-containing polymeric micelles system (AmpB/M) was employed in the treatment of Leishmania amazonensis-infected BALB/c mice. Initially, the in vitro antileishmanial activity (IC50 value) of AmpB/M and B-AmpB/M (empty micelles) against stationary promastigotes and amastigotes-like forms of the parasites was determined, and results were of 1.83 ± 0.4 and 22.1 ± 0.7 μM, respectively, for the promastigotes, and of 2.27 ± 0.5 and 33.98 ± 2.6 μM, respectively, for the amastigotes-like. The cytotoxic concentration (CC50) values of these products were also evaluated, and we found the results of 119.5 ± 9.6 and 134.7 ± 10.3 μM, respectively. With these values, the selectivity index (SI) was calculated and results were of 65.3 and 5.4, respectively, for the promastigotes, and of 59.3 and 3.96, respectively, for the amastigotes-like of the parasites. Free AmpB showed IC50 values of 1.2 ± 0.3 and 2.5 ± 0.5 μM for the promastigotes and amastigotes-like, respectively, whereas the CC50 value was of 9.5 ± 0.4 μM. The SI values of this drug were of 7.9 and 3.8, respectively, for the promastigote and amastigote-like stages of the parasites. After, animals were infected and received saline or were treated subcutaneously with free AmpB, AmpB/M or B-AmpB/M. In the results, free AmpB-treated and infected mice showed reductions in their body weight, which were associated with hepatic and renal damage; however, no organic alteration was observed in the AmpB/M-treated animals. In addition, these animals showed significant reductions in their lesion average size and in the parasite burden in all evaluated infected tissue and organs, when compared to the other groups; as well as significantly higher levels of antileishmanial IFN-γ, IL-12, GM-CSF and nitrite, which were associated with low production of IL-4, IL-10 and IgG1 isotype antibodies. In conclusion, this AmpB/M system could be considered as an alternative for future studies in the treatment of tegumentary leishmaniasis.
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Chávez-Fumagalli MA, Ribeiro TG, Castilho RO, Fernandes SOA, Cardoso VN, Coelho CSP, Mendonça DVC, Soto M, Tavares CAP, Faraco AAG, Coelho EAF. New delivery systems for amphotericin B applied to the improvement of leishmaniasis treatment. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2016; 48:235-42. [PMID: 26107999 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0138-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is one of the six major tropical diseases targeted by the World Health Organization. It is a life-threatening disease of medical, social and economic importance in endemic areas. No vaccine is yet available for human use, and chemotherapy presents several problems. Pentavalent antimonials have been the drugs of choice to treat the disease for more than six decades; however, they exhibit high toxicity and are not indicated for children, for pregnant or breastfeeding women or for chronically ill patients. Amphotericin B (AmpB) is a second-line drug, and although it has been increasingly used to treat visceral leishmaniasis (VL), its clinical use has been hampered due to its high toxicity. This review focuses on the development and in vivo usage of new delivery systems for AmpB that aim to decrease its toxicity without altering its therapeutic efficacy. These new formulations, when adjusted with regard to their production costs, may be considered new drug delivery systems that promise to improve the treatment of leishmaniasis, by reducing the side effects and the number of doses while permitting a satisfactory cost-benefit ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angel Chávez-Fumagalli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Gomes Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rachel Oliveira Castilho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Simone Odília Antunes Fernandes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Valbert Nascimento Cardoso
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Manuel Soto
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autonoma de Madrid;Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Alberto Pereira Tavares
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André Augusto Gomes Faraco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Antonio Ferraz Coelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Nagle A, Khare S, Kumar AB, Supek F, Buchynskyy A, Mathison CJN, Chennamaneni N, Pendem N, Buckner FS, Gelb M, Molteni V. Recent developments in drug discovery for leishmaniasis and human African trypanosomiasis. Chem Rev 2014; 114:11305-47. [PMID: 25365529 PMCID: PMC4633805 DOI: 10.1021/cr500365f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Advait
S. Nagle
- Genomics
Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Shilpi Khare
- Genomics
Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Arun Babu Kumar
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Medicine, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Frantisek Supek
- Genomics
Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Andriy Buchynskyy
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Medicine, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Casey J. N. Mathison
- Genomics
Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Naveen
Kumar Chennamaneni
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Medicine, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Nagendar Pendem
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Medicine, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Frederick S. Buckner
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Medicine, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Michael
H. Gelb
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Medicine, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Valentina Molteni
- Genomics
Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as Kala-Azar, is a disseminated protozoal infection caused principally by Leishmania donovani and Leishmania infantum (known as Leishmania chagasi in South America). The therapeutic options for VL are diverse and depend on different factors, such as the geographical area of the infection, development of resistance to habitual treatments, HIV co-infection, malnourishment and other concomitant infections. This article provides an exhaustive review of the literature regarding studies published on the treatment of VL, and gives therapeutic recommendations stratified according to their level of evidence, the species of Leishmania implicated and the geographical location of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Monge-Maillo
- Tropical Medicine and Clinical Parasitology, Infectious Diseases Department, Ramón y Cajal Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Carretera de Colmenar Km 9,1, 28034, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Góes MAO, Jeraldo VDLS, Oliveira AS. Urbanização da leishmaniose visceral: aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos em Aracaju, Sergipe, Brasil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE MEDICINA DE FAMÍLIA E COMUNIDADE 2013. [DOI: 10.5712/rbmfc9(31)685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo: Este estudo tem como objetivo descrever aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos da Leishmaniose Visceral (LV) na cidade de Aracaju-SE, no período de 2007 a 2011. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico retrospectivo, descritivo, utilizando dados oriundos do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado de Sergipe, com análise estatística pelo Epi Info 6.04d. Resultados: Foram registrados 128 casos de LV no município, representando média anual de 25,6 casos, e um coeficiente de incidência de 23,5 casos para cada 100 mil habitantes. Houve predomínio do sexo masculino (65,6%) e uma maior concentração de casos ocorreu em crianças até quatro anos (26,6%). As manifestações clínicas mais encontradas foram: febre (96,1%); esplenomegalia (89,1%); hepatomegalia (79,7%); fraqueza (82,0%), e emagrecimento (77,3%). O critério de confirmação foi clínico-laboratorial em 95,5% dos casos. O coeficiente de letalidade geral no período estudado foi de 7,8% (dez óbitos) e de 26,7% em pessoas entre 40 e 49 anos (quatro óbitos). No período, foi identificado pelo menos um caso de LV em 65,8% dos 38 bairros de Aracaju, distribuídos em todas as regiões da cidade. Conclusões: Verifica-se no estudo uma ampla distribuição da LV no município, além de uma alta letalidade. Para o enfrentamento adequado da LV, além das medidas relacionadas às intervenções ambientais e ao controle vetorial, é necessária a constante atualização dos profissionais de saúde, principalmente dos médicos da atenção primária e das unidades de pronto-atendimento, para que consigam identificar precocemente os casos suspeitos a fim de que o diagnóstico e o tratamento ocorram de forma oportuna.
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15
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Barrio A, Parodi CM, Locatelli F, Mora MC, Basombrío MA, Korenaga M, Hashiguchi Y, Bustos MFG, Gentile A, Marco JD. Leishmania infantum and Human Visceral Leishmaniasis, Argentina. Emerg Infect Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.3201/eid1802.110924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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16
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Barrio A, Parodi CM, Locatelli F, Mora MC, Basombrío MA, Korenaga M, Hashiguchi Y, García Bustos MF, Gentile A, Marco JD. Leishmania infantum and human visceral leishmaniasis, Argentina. Emerg Infect Dis 2012; 18:354-5. [PMID: 22305425 PMCID: PMC3310450 DOI: 10.3291/eid1802.110924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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17
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Actualités sur les leishmanioses viscérales. Rev Med Interne 2011; 32:544-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2010.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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18
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A comparative study of the effects of venoms from five rear-fanged snake species on the growth of Leishmania major: Identification of a protein with inhibitory activity against the parasite. Toxicon 2011; 58:28-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Revised: 04/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Buffet PA, Rosenthal É, Gangneux JP, Lightburne E, Couppié P, Morizot G, Lachaud L, Marty P, Dedet JP. [Therapy of leishmaniasis in France: consensus on proposed guidelines]. Presse Med 2010; 40:173-84. [PMID: 21106333 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2010.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Revised: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Because it relies on potentially toxic, difficult-to-handle, or expensive compounds the therapy of leishmaniasis is still a complex issue in 2010, especially for visceral leishmaniasis in immuno-suppressed subjects, or in patients with cutaneous and mucosal involvement. This induces a wide diversity of observed therapeutic practices, some being sub-optimal. The Société de Pathologie Exotique organised a meeting dedicated to the therapy of leishmaniasis in France that led to the first consensus on therapeutic guidelines. Liposomal amphotericin B is the first-line option for visceral leishmaniasis both in immunocompetent, and immunosuppressed patients (cumulated doses of 20 mg/kg and 30-40 mg/kg, respectively). Secondary prophylaxis with either liposomal amphotericin B, pentamidine or meglumine antimoniate is proposed to patients with heavy immunosuppression until immunity has been restored for at least 6 months. While the efficacy of new topical formulations of paromomycin is being tested, patients with Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis may be left untreated, or be administered a combination of superficial cryotherapy plus intralesional antimony, or even--in complex situations--receive systemic therapy. The efficacy of a short course of pentamidine (L. guyanensis/L. panamensis) and a 20-day schedule of meglumine antimoniate (L. braziliensis) is solidly established. However, in well-defined situations, local therapy of New World cutaneous leishmaniasis is now considered acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre A Buffet
- Université Paris 6, UMR945 47, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, service de parasitologie-mycologie, boulevard de l'hôpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France.
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Moreno D, Plano D, Baquedano Y, Jiménez-Ruiz A, Antonio Palop J, Sanmartín C. Antileishmanial activity of imidothiocarbamates and imidoselenocarbamates. Parasitol Res 2010; 108:233-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-2073-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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