Boix-Palop L, Fernández T, Pelegrín I, Obradors M, García-Roulston K, Xercavins M, García-Somoza D, Ardanuy C, Garau J, Calbo E, Cabellos C. Delayed Cerebral Vasculopathy in Pneumococcal Meningitis: Epidemiology and Clinical Outcome. A Cohort Study.
Int J Infect Dis 2020;
97:283-289. [PMID:
32531430 DOI:
10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.005]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND
To describe the prevalence, clinical characteristics, impact of systemic steroids exposure and outcomes of delayed cerebral vasculopathy (DCV) in a cohort of adult patients with pneumococcal meningitis (PM).
METHODS
Observational retrospective multicenter study including all episodes of PM from January 2002 to December 2015. DCV was defined as proven/probable/possible based upon clinical criteria and pathological-radiological findings. DCV-patients and non-DCV-patients were compared by univariate analysis.
RESULTS
162 PM episodes were included. Seventeen (10.5%) DCV-patients were identified (15 possible, 2 probable). At admission, DCV-patients had a longer duration of symptoms (>2 days in 58% vs. 25.5% (p 0.04)), more coma (52.9% vs. 21.4% (p 0.03)), lower median CSF WBC-count (243 cells/uL vs. 2673 cells/uL (p 0.001)) and a higher proportion of positive CSF Gram stain (94.1% vs. 71% (p 0.07)). Median length of stay was 49 vs. 15 days (p 0.001), ICU admission was 85.7% vs. 49.5% (p 0.01) and unfavorable outcome was found in 70.6% vs. 23.8% (p 0.001). DCV appeared 1-8 days after having completed adjunctive dexamethasone treatment (median 2,5, IQR=1.5-5).
CONCLUSIONS
One tenth of the PM developed DCV. DCV-patients had a longer duration of illness, were more severely ill, had a higher bacterial load at admission and had a more complicated course. Less than one third of cases recovered without disabilities. The role of corticosteroids in DCV remains to be established.
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