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Peixoto S, Belintani T, Rocha D, Fontes F, Frota N, Galvão C. Characterization of Triatoma infestans (Klug, 1834) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera, Reduviidae) from Residual Foci in the States of Bahia and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, Using Geometric Morphology. INSECTS 2023; 14:325. [PMID: 37103140 PMCID: PMC10146809 DOI: 10.3390/insects14040325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Triatoma infestans is one of the main vectors of Chagas disease in Latin America. Although the species is under control in most Latin countries, it is still necessary to maintain epidemiological surveillance. The present study aims to characterize T. infestans populations from residual foci in Bahia and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, comparing them with natural populations in Argentina and Bolivia. For this, we adopt the geometric morphometry of the heads. It is possible to report the morphometric variety of the studied populations. In addition, we show that the size of the heads contributes to the differentiation between populations, while the shape has less power to discriminate groups. Furthermore, we show that some natural populations have morphometric proximity to residual populations, suggesting a relationship between these triatomines. Our data do not support the origin of residual populations but demonstrate the importance of new studies with other techniques to understand the dynamics of distribution and reintroduction of these vectors in Brazilian territory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange Peixoto
- Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, IOC, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tiago Belintani
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Monteiro Lobato, Campinas 13083-859, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dayse Rocha
- Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, IOC, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe Fontes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Ambiente, Universidade Tiradentes, Aracaju 49032-490, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Natália Frota
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Ambiente, Universidade Tiradentes, Aracaju 49032-490, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Cleber Galvão
- Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, IOC, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Velásquez-Ortiz N, Hernández C, Cantillo-Barraza O, Medina M, Medina-Alfonso M, Suescún-Carrero S, Muñoz M, Vega L, Castañeda S, Cruz-Saavedra L, Ballesteros N, Ramírez JD. Estimating the genetic structure of Triatoma dimidiata (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) and the transmission dynamics of Trypanosoma cruzi in Boyacá, eastern Colombia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010534. [PMID: 35816541 PMCID: PMC9302734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is considered a public health issue in Colombia, where many regions are endemic. Triatoma dimidiata is an important vector after Rhodnius prolixus, and it is gaining importance in Boyacá, eastern Colombia. Following the recent elimination of R. prolixus in the region, it is pivotal to understand the behavior of T. dimidiata and the transmission dynamics of T. cruzi. We used qPCR and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) to evaluate T. cruzi infection, parasite load, feeding profiles, and T. cruzi genotyping for T. dimidiata specimens collected in nine municipalities in Boyacá and explored T. dimidiata population genetics. We found that T. dimidiata populations are composed by a single population with similar genetic characteristics that present infection rates up to 70%, high parasite loads up to 1.46 × 109 parasite-equivalents/mL, a feeding behavior that comprises at least 17 domestic, synanthropic and sylvatic species, and a wide diversity of TcI genotypes even within a single specimen. These results imply that T. dimidiata behavior is similar to other successful vectors, having a wide variety of blood sources and contributing to the circulation of different genotypes of the parasite, highlighting its importance for T. cruzi transmission and risk for humans. In the light of the elimination of R. prolixus in Boyacá and the results we found, we suggest that T. dimidiata should become a new target for vector control programs. We hope this study provides enough information to enhance surveillance programs and a future effective interruption of T. cruzi vector transmission in endemic regions. Chagas disease is a complex zoonotic infection caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. This pathology is endemic in the Americas and causes a tremendous burden in terms of public health. The feces of triatomine bugs mainly transmit this parasite. A massive diversity of triatomines can be found in the north of South America, where Rhodnius is considered the most epidemiologically relevant genus. However, government efforts have attempted to control the vector transmission of specific regions. That is the case of Boyaca in eastern Colombia, which has several municipalities certified as free of R. prolixus transmission of the parasite. However, other species such as Triatoma dimidiata can occupy the left niche due to R. prolixus elimination. We explored the infection rate, parasite load, feeding preferences, and T. cruzi diversity in T. dimidiata specimens collected in municipalities with no R. prolixus infestation. Our results highlight the preponderant need for increasing serological surveillance and prevention in those communities due to the risk of a plausible reactivation of T. cruzi vector transmission due to T. dimidiata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Velásquez-Ortiz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carolina Hernández
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Centro de Tecnología en Salud (CETESA), Innovaseq SAS, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Omar Cantillo-Barraza
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Grupo BCEI Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Manuel Medina
- Programa de Control de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vectores, Secretaría de Salud Departamental, Tunja, Boyacá, Colombia
| | - Mabel Medina-Alfonso
- Grupo de Investigación del Laboratorio de Salud Pública de Boyacá, Secretaria de Salud de Boyacá, Tunja, Colombia
| | - Sandra Suescún-Carrero
- Grupo de Investigación del Laboratorio de Salud Pública de Boyacá, Secretaria de Salud de Boyacá, Tunja, Colombia
| | - Marina Muñoz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Laura Vega
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sergio Castañeda
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lissa Cruz-Saavedra
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nathalia Ballesteros
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York city, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: ,
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Berni M, Lima L, Bressan D, Julio A, Bonfim L, Simão Y, Pane A, Ramos I, Oliveira PL, Araujo H. Atypical strategies for cuticle pigmentation in the blood-feeding hemipteran Rhodnius prolixus. Genetics 2022; 221:6571811. [PMID: 35445704 PMCID: PMC9157140 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyac064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigmentation in insects has been linked to mate selection and predator evasion, thus representing an important aspect for natural selection. Insect body color is classically associated to the activity of tyrosine pathway enzymes, and eye color to pigment synthesis through the tryptophan and guanine pathways, and their transport by ABC proteins. Among the hemiptera, the genetic basis for pigmentation in kissing bugs such as Rhodnius prolixus, that transmit Chagas disease to humans, has not been addressed. Here we report the functional analysis of R. prolixus eye and cuticle pigmentation genes. Consistent with data for most insect clades, we show that knockdown for yellow results in a yellow cuticle, while scarlet and cinnabar knockdowns display red eyes as well as cuticle phenotypes. In addition, tyrosine pathway aaNATpreto knockdown resulted in a striking dark cuticle that displays no color pattern or UV reflectance. In contrast, knockdown of ebony and tan, that encode NBAD branch tyrosine pathway enzymes, did not generate the expected dark and light brown phenotypes, respectively, as reported for other insects. We hypothesize that R. prolixus, which requires tyrosine pathway enzymes for detoxification from the blood diet, evolved an unusual strategy for cuticle pigmentation based on the preferential use of a color erasing function of the aaNATpreto tyrosine pathway branch. We also show that genes classically involved in the generation and transport of eye pigments regulate red body color in R. prolixus. This is the first systematic approach to identify the genes responsible for the generation of color in a blood-feeding hemiptera, providing potential visible markers for future transgenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Berni
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Brasil (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil.,Post-graduate Program in Morphological Sciences (PCM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Lima
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil.,Post-graduate Program in Morphological Sciences (PCM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Daniel Bressan
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil.,Post-graduate Program in Morphological Sciences (PCM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Alison Julio
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil.,Post-graduate Program in Morphological Sciences (PCM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Larissa Bonfim
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Yasmin Simão
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Attilio Pane
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Isabela Ramos
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Brasil (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Pedro L Oliveira
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Brasil (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Helena Araujo
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Brasil (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
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4
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Kamimura EH, Viana MC, Lilioso M, Fontes FHM, Pires-Silva D, Valença-Barbosa C, Carbajal-de-la-Fuente AL, Folly-Ramos E, Solferin VN, Thyssen PJ, Costa J, Almeida CE. Drivers of molecular and morphometric variation in Triatoma brasiliensis (Hemiptera: Triatominae): the resolution of geometric morphometrics for populational structuring on a microgeographical scale. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:455. [PMID: 32894173 PMCID: PMC7487581 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04340-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi circulates in semiarid areas of northeastern Brazil in distinct ecotopes (sylvatic, peridomestic and domestic) where Triatoma brasiliensis Neiva, 1911 is the most important Chagas disease vector. In this study, we analyzed microevolutionary and demographic aspects of T. brasiliensis populations at the ecotypic, micro and macro-geographic scales by combining morphometrics and molecular results. Additionally, we aimed to address the resolution of both markers for delimiting populations in distinct scales. Methods We sampled populations of T. brasiliensis from distinct ecotypic and geographic sites in the states Rio Grande do Norte (RN) and Paraíba (PB). The geometric morphometry was carried out with 13 landmarks on the right wings (n = 698) and the genetic structure was assessed by sequencing a region of cytochrome b mitochondrial gene (n = 221). Mahalanobis distance (MD) and coefficient of molecular differentiation (ΦST) were calculated among all pairs of populations. The results of comparisons generated MD and ΦST dendrograms, and graphics of canonical variate analysis (CVA). Results Little structure was observed for both markers for macro-geographic scales. Mantel tests comparing geographic, morphometric and genetic matrices showed low correlation (all R2 < 0.35). The factorial graphics built with the CVA evidenced population delimitation for the morphometric data at micro-geographic scales. Conclusions We believe that T. brasiliensis carries in its genotype a source of information to allow the phenotypical plasticity across its whole distribution for shaping populations, which may have caused a lack of population delimitation for CVAs in morphometric analysis for macro-geographic scale analysis. On the other hand, the pattern of morphometric results in micro-geographic scales showed well-defined groups, highlighting the potential of this tool to inferences on the source for infestation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgard H Kamimura
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Viana
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Maurício Lilioso
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda H M Fontes
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Dayane Pires-Silva
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Ana L Carbajal-de-la-Fuente
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-Epidemias (CeNDIE), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. Carlos Malbrán" (ANLIS), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Vera N Solferin
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Patricia J Thyssen
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jane Costa
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade Entomológica, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/Fiocruz-RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos E Almeida
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
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Nattero J, Carbajal de la Fuente AL, Piccinali RV, Cardozo M, Rodríguez CS, Crocco LB. Characterization of melanic and non-melanic forms in domestic and peridomestic populations of Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:47. [PMID: 32014037 PMCID: PMC6998255 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-3912-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanic (dark) morphs have been barely reported in peridomestic and sylvatic conditions for Triatoma infestans, the most important vector of Chagas disease in the Southern Cone of South America. Adults with dark and small yellow markings on the connexivum were collected after manual searches conducted by technical personnel in 62 domiciliary units in Cruz del Eje, Córdoba Province, Argentina. The last community-wide insecticide spraying campaign before the study had been conducted three years earlier. We investigated if there was a measurable color morph variation (melanic and non-melanic) in wings and connexivum; we determined infestation, distribution of melanic and non-melanic forms, and correspondence of colorimetric variation with variations in morphology (wing size and shape and body length), development (wing fluctuating asymmetry), physiology (nutritional status) or behaviour (flight initiation). RESULTS Forty-nine females, 54 males and 217 nymphs were collected in 24 domiciliary units. House infestation and colonization were 53% and 47%, respectively. Most of the T. infestans individuals (83.2%) were collected in chicken coops; intradomicile infestation was recorded in only one case. The chromatic cluster analysis showed two well-defined groups: melanic and non-melanic. The melanic group included 17 (35%) females and 25 (46%) males. Peridomestic infestation was lower for melanic than for non-melanic adults. Melanic morphs were collected in houses from several localities. Sexual dimorphisms were confirmed by morphometric measurements. Body length was large in melanic adults (P < 0.01 only for males). Differences between groups were significant for wing size and shape, but not for weight or weight/body length ratio. Melanic females and males showed significantly higher fluctuating asymmetry (FA) indices than their non-melanic counterparts. CONCLUSIONS This is the second report of melanic forms of T. infestans in domestic and peridomestic habitats in the Dry Chaco region of Argentina. Although non-melanic adults exhibited a higher infestation rate, melanic adults were widespread in the area and were collected in the infested domicile and in most types of peridomestic annexes. Differences in morphometric variables between groups might be due to different ecological adaptations. The higher FA levels observed in melanic individuals suggest a higher developmental instability and a selective advantage of non-melanic individuals in domestic and peridomestic habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Nattero
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución/Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (CONICET-IEGEBA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Ana Laura Carbajal de la Fuente
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución/Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (CONICET-IEGEBA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Romina Valeria Piccinali
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución/Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (CONICET-IEGEBA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Miriam Cardozo
- Cátedra de Introducción a la Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIBYT-CONICET), Avda. Vélez Sarsfield 299, piso 5, X5000JJC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Claudia Susana Rodríguez
- Cátedra de Introducción a la Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIBYT-CONICET), Avda. Vélez Sarsfield 299, piso 5, X5000JJC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Liliana Beatriz Crocco
- Cátedra de Introducción a la Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIBYT-CONICET), Avda. Vélez Sarsfield 299, piso 5, X5000JJC, Córdoba, Argentina
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Fernández CJ, González-Ittig RE, García BA. Genetic structure of the Chagas disease vector Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences. Zool J Linn Soc 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn the present study, we analysed the genetic structure of Triatoma infestans populations with a phylogeographical approach using sequences of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (ND5) and the nuclear elongation factor-1 alpha (EF-1α) genes of bugs obtained from Argentina and Bolivia. Spatially circumscribed haplogroups were distinguished from the ND5 gene sequences, one distributed exclusively to the south of the studied area and, in agreement with the results from the EF-1α gene, one haplogroup limited to Bolivia and another to Morajú located in the Chaco region of Argentina. In both the ND5 and EF-1α networks, the most widespread haplogroup or allele group showed a star-like topology, which is compatible with a recent demographic expansion. The asymmetric historical gene flow detected from a population of the Chaco region towards Bolivia and the spatiotemporal phylogeographical reconstruction of lineage dispersal would support the hypothesis that postulates the Chaco biogeographical region as the area of origin for the species. However, additional studies with a broader sampling in the Andean region are needed to define with certainty whether the origin of T. infestans is Chacoan or Andean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia J Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (CONICET-UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
- Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Raúl E González-Ittig
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (CONICET-UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
- Cátedra de Genética de Poblaciones y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Beatriz A García
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (CONICET-UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
- Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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7
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Brenière SF, Buitrago R, Waleckx E, Depickère S, Sosa V, Barnabé C, Gorla D. Wild populations of Triatoma infestans: Compilation of positive sites and comparison of their ecological niche with domestic population niche. Acta Trop 2017; 176:228-235. [PMID: 28818626 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For several years, the wild populations of Triatoma infestans, main vector of Trypanosoma cruzi causing Chagas disease, have been considered or suspected of being a source of reinfestation of villages. The number of sites reported for the presence of wild T. infestans, often close to human habitats, has greatly increased, but these data are scattered in several publications, and others obtained by our team in Bolivia have not been published yet. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Herein is compiled the largest number of wild sites explored for the presence of T. infestans collected with two methods The standardized methods aimed to determine the relationship between wild T. infestans and the ecoregion, and the directed method help to confirm the presence/absence of triatomines in the ecoregions. Entomological indices were compared between ecoregions and an environmental niche modelling approach, based on bioclimatic variables, was applied. The active search for wild T. infestans in Bolivia suggests a discontinuous distribution from the Andean valleys to the lowlands (Chaco), while the models used suggest a continuous distribution between the two regions and very large areas where wild populations remain to be discovered. The results compile the description of different habitats where these populations were found, and we demonstrate that the environmental niches of wild and domestic populations, defined by climatic variables, are similar but not equivalent, showing that during domestication, T. infestans has conquered new spaces with wider ranges of temperature and precipitation. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The great diversity of wild T. infestans habitats and the comparison of their ecological niches with that of domestic populations confirm the behavioural plasticity of the species that increase the possibility of contact with humans. The result of the geographical distribution model of the wild populations calls for more entomological vigilance in the corresponding areas in the Southern Cone countries and in Bolivia. The current presentation is the most comprehensive inventory of wild T. infestans-positive sites that can be used as a reference for further entomological vigilance in inhabited areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Frédérique Brenière
- INTERTRYP, CIRAD, IRD, TA A-17/G, International Campus in Baillarguet, Montpellier, France; Centro de Investigación para la Salud en América Latina (CISeAL), Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (PUCE), Av. 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Campus Nayón, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Rosio Buitrago
- INTERTRYP, CIRAD, IRD, TA A-17/G, International Campus in Baillarguet, Montpellier, France; Instituto Nacional de Laboratorios de Salud (INLASA), Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, Rafael Zubieta #1889, Miraflores, Casilla M-10019, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Etienne Waleckx
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Stéphanie Depickère
- INTERTRYP, CIRAD, IRD, TA A-17/G, International Campus in Baillarguet, Montpellier, France; Instituto Nacional de Laboratorios de Salud (INLASA), Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, Rafael Zubieta #1889, Miraflores, Casilla M-10019, La Paz, Bolivia; Grupo de Sistemas Complejos, Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Victor Sosa
- INTERTRYP, CIRAD, IRD, TA A-17/G, International Campus in Baillarguet, Montpellier, France; Dirección de Recursos Naturales, Secretaria de Desarrollo Sostenible y Medio Ambiente, Gobierno Autónomo Departamental de Santa Cruz, Av. Fransisco Mora 3er Anillo interno, Zona Polanco, Mexico
| | - Christian Barnabé
- INTERTRYP, CIRAD, IRD, TA A-17/G, International Campus in Baillarguet, Montpellier, France
| | - David Gorla
- Instituto Altos Estudios Espaciales Mario Gulich, Universidad Nacional Córdoba-CONAE, Ruta C45 Km 8, Falda del Cañete, 5187 Córdoba, Argentina
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8
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Genetic characterization of residual Triatoma infestans populations from Brazil by microsatellite. Genetica 2017; 145:105-114. [PMID: 28120213 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-017-9949-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In spite of long-term efforts to eliminate Triatoma infestans (Klug 1834) from Brazil, residual foci still persist in the states of Bahia and Rio Grande do Sul. Data on the genetic variability and structuring of these populations are however lacking. Using nine microsatellite loci, we characterized one residual T. infestans population from Bahia and four from Rio Grande do Sul, and compared them with bugs originally from an older focus in São Paulo; 224 bugs were genotyped. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 5 to 11. Observed and expected heterozygosities per locus ranged, respectively, from 0 to 0.786 and from 0 to 0.764. Significant departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, mainly due to heterozygote deficits, were detected in all loci and in most populations. Global indices estimated by AMOVA were: Fis was 0.37; Fst was 0.28; and Fit was 0.55; overall indices with p = 0.00 indicated substantial differentiation. Inter-population Fst ranged from 0.118 to 0.562, suggesting strong genetic structuring and little to no gene flow among populations. Intra-population Fis ranged from 0.301 to 0.307. Inbreeding was apparent in all populations except that from Bahia-which might be either linked by gene flow to nearby unsampled populations or part of a relatively large local population. The overall pattern of strong genetic structuring among pyrethroid-susceptible residual T. infestans populations suggests that their persistence is probably due to operational control failures. Detection and elimination of such residual foci is technically feasible and must become a public health priority in Brazil.
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Justi SA, Galvão C. The Evolutionary Origin of Diversity in Chagas Disease Vectors. Trends Parasitol 2017; 33:42-52. [PMID: 27986547 PMCID: PMC5518462 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease is amongst the ten most important neglected tropical diseases but knowledge on the diversification of its vectors, Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), is very scarce. Most Triatominae species occur in the Americas, and are all considered potential vectors. Despite its amazing ecological vignette, there are remarkably few evolutionary studies of the whole subfamily, and only one genome sequence has been published. The young age of the subfamily, coupled with the high number of independent lineages, are intriguing, yet the lack of genome-wide data makes it a challenge to infer the phylogenetic relationships within Triatominae. Here we synthesize what is known, and suggest the next steps towards a better understanding of how this important group of disease vectors came to be.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia A Justi
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Cleber Galvão
- Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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10
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Costa J, Bargues MD, Neiva VL, Lawrence GG, Gumiel M, Oliveira G, Cabello P, Lima MM, Dotson E, Provance DW, Almeida CE, Mateo L, Mas-Coma S, Dujardin JP. Phenotypic variability confirmed by nuclear ribosomal DNA suggests a possible natural hybrid zone of Triatoma brasiliensis species complex. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 37:77-87. [PMID: 26520796 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Triatoma brasiliensis macromelasoma occurs in Pernambuco state, Brazil, which is situated between the distribution areas of Triatoma brasiliensis brasiliensis (north) and Triatoma juazeirensis (south). T. b. macromelasoma displays greater variations in its chromatic phenotype than either T. b. brasiliensis or T. juazeirensis, and patterns reminiscent of one or the other. Experimental crosses from each of these members of the T. brasiliensis species complex generated fertile offspring suggesting that viable hybrids could be present in nature, despite their significant genetic distances. Considering the geographical position of occurrence of the T. b. macromelasoma (in Pernambuco) it was proposed to be an area capable of supporting natural hybridization between T. b. brasiliensis and T. juazeirensis. Since phenotypic variability is expected, this study investigated the existence of intermediate chromatic phenotypes for T. b. macromelasoma in various locations in areas between the T. b. brasiliensis and T. juazeirensis occurrences. Thirteen different color patterns were for the first time characterized and nine of those displayed intermediate phenotypes. Molecular analysis performed using ribosomal DNA intergenic region, grouped all within the T. brasiliensis complex. The intermediate chromatic phenotypes, molecular analysis and experimental crosses all support the distinction of a zone of hybridization that gave rise to the T. b. macromelasoma through homoploidal evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Costa
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade Entomológica,Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Maria Dolores Bargues
- Dep. de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Univ. de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vanessa Lima Neiva
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade Entomológica,Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gena G Lawrence
- Entomology Branch, Div. Parasitic Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Marcia Gumiel
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Insetos Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Cabello
- Laboratório de Genética Humana, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marli Maria Lima
- Laboratório de Eco-epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ellen Dotson
- Entomology Branch, Div. Parasitic Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Carlos Eduardo Almeida
- Univers. Est. Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Araquara, SP, Prog. de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Monitoramento Ambiental (PPGEMA), UFPB, Campus IV, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Lucia Mateo
- Dep. de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Univ. de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Santiago Mas-Coma
- Dep. de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Univ. de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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11
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Piccinali RV, Gürtler RE. Fine-scale genetic structure of Triatoma infestans in the Argentine Chaco. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 34:143-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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An updated insight into the Sialotranscriptome of Triatoma infestans: developmental stage and geographic variations. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3372. [PMID: 25474469 PMCID: PMC4256203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Triatoma infestans is the main vector of Chagas disease in South America. As in all hematophagous arthropods, its saliva contains a complex cocktail that assists blood feeding by preventing platelet aggregation and blood clotting and promoting vasodilation. These salivary components can be immunologically recognized by their vector's hosts and targeted with antibodies that might disrupt blood feeding. These antibodies can be used to detect vector exposure using immunoassays. Antibodies may also contribute to the fast evolution of the salivary cocktail. Methodology Salivary gland cDNA libraries from nymphal and adult T. infestans of breeding colonies originating from different locations (Argentina, Chile, Peru and Bolivia), and cDNA libraries originating from F1 populations of Bolivia, were sequenced using Illumina technology. Coding sequences (CDS) were extracted from the assembled reads, the numbers of reads mapped to these CDS, sequences were functionally annotated and polymorphisms determined. Main findings/Significance Over five thousand CDS, mostly full length or near full length, were publicly deposited on GenBank. Transcripts that were over 10-fold overexpressed from different geographical regions, or from different developmental stages were identified. Polymorphisms were mapped to derived coding sequences, and found to vary between developmental instars and geographic origin of the biological material. This expanded sialome database from T. infestans should be of assistance in future proteomic work attempting to identify salivary proteins that might be used as epidemiological markers of vector exposure, or proteins of pharmacological interest. Triatoma infestans is the main vector of Chagas disease in South America. As in all hematophagous arthropods, its saliva contains a complex cocktail that assists blood feeding by preventing platelet aggregation and blood clotting and promoting vasodilation. These salivary components can be immunologically recognized by their hosts and targeted with antibodies that might disrupt blood feeding. The respective antibodies can be used to detect vector exposure using immunoassays. On the other hand, antibodies may also contribute to the fast evolution of the salivary cocktail. In this work, we attempted to identify variations in the salivary proteins of T. infestans using Illumina technology that allowed identification of over five thousand proteins based on over 300 million sequences obtained from ten salivary gland libraries. This expanded sialome database from T. infestans should be of assistance in future work attempting to identify salivary proteins that might be used as epidemiological markers of vector exposure, or proteins of pharmacological interest.
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13
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Panzera F, Ferreiro MJ, Pita S, Calleros L, Pérez R, Basmadjián Y, Guevara Y, Brenière SF, Panzera Y. Evolutionary and dispersal history of Triatoma infestans, main vector of Chagas disease, by chromosomal markers. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 27:105-13. [PMID: 25017654 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease, one of the most important vector-borne diseases in the Americas, is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted to humans by insects of the subfamily Triatominae. An effective control of this disease depends on elimination of vectors through spraying with insecticides. Genetic research can help insect control programs by identifying and characterizing vector populations. In southern Latin America, Triatoma infestans is the main vector and presents two distinct lineages, known as Andean and non-Andean chromosomal groups, that are highly differentiated by the amount of heterochromatin and genome size. Analyses with nuclear and mitochondrial sequences are not conclusive about resolving the origin and spread of T. infestans. The present paper includes the analyses of karyotypes, heterochromatin distribution and chromosomal mapping of the major ribosomal cluster (45S rDNA) to specimens throughout the distribution range of this species, including pyrethroid-resistant populations. A total of 417 specimens from seven different countries were analyzed. We show an unusual wide rDNA variability related to number and chromosomal position of the ribosomal genes, never before reported in species with holocentric chromosomes. Considering the chromosomal groups previously described, the ribosomal patterns are associated with a particular geographic distribution. Our results reveal that the differentiation process between both T. infestans chromosomal groups has involved significant genomic reorganization of essential coding sequences, besides the changes in heterochromatin and genomic size previously reported. The chromosomal markers also allowed us to detect the existence of a hybrid zone occupied by individuals derived from crosses between both chromosomal groups. Our genetic studies support the hypothesis of an Andean origin for T. infestans, and suggest that pyrethroid-resistant populations from the Argentinean-Bolivian border are most likely the result of recent secondary contact between both lineages. We suggest that vector control programs should make a greater effort in the entomological surveillance of those regions with both chromosomal groups to avoid rapid emergence of resistant individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - María J Ferreiro
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sebastián Pita
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Calleros
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ruben Pérez
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Yester Basmadjián
- Departamento de Parasitología y Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Yenny Guevara
- Laboratorio de Citogenética Alberto Tellería Cáceres, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Simone Frédérique Brenière
- INTERTRYP (Interactions hôtes-vecteurs-parasites dans les infections par trypanosomatidae), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Montpellier, France
| | - Yanina Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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14
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García BA, de Rosas ARP, Blariza MJ, Grosso CG, Fernández CJ, Stroppa MM. Molecular Population Genetics and Evolution of the Chagas' Disease Vector Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Curr Genomics 2014; 14:316-23. [PMID: 24403850 PMCID: PMC3763682 DOI: 10.2174/13892029113149990006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Triatoma infestans (Klug) is the main vector of Chagas’ disease in the Southern Cone of Latin America between the latitudes 10° S and 46° S. The long-term effectiveness of the control campaigns is greatly dependent upon the vector population structure. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes have been used in a number of T. infestans population genetic analyses. However, the maternally inherited markers as well as nuclear ribosomal DNA analyzed until the present exhibited low or limited levels of variation. Analyses based on microsatellite markers strongly supported the existence of some type of stratification in T. infestans populations and supported the hypothesis of vector population recovery from survivors of the insecticide-treated areas, highlighting the value of population genetic analyses in assessing the effectiveness of Chagas’ disease vector control programmes. Although phylogeographic studies have generally suggested a Bolivian Andean origin of T. infestans, they recovered two reciprocal monophyletic groups of T. infestans and Bolivian populations who were not basal as expected for an ancestral group. In addition, a non-Andean origin could not be excluded by mtDNA genealogies that included sylvatic bugs from Gran Chaco. On the other side, mitochondrial and microsatellite markers supported the hypothesis of two independent migration events of colonization and secondary contacts in southern South America. Since the phylogenetic analyses remain inconclusive, more sequences, not only from mitochondrial genes but also from nuclear genes, need to be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz A García
- Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA, UNC-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alicia R Pérez de Rosas
- Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA, UNC-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María J Blariza
- Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA, UNC-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carla G Grosso
- Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA, UNC-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cintia J Fernández
- Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA, UNC-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María M Stroppa
- Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA, UNC-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
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15
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Brenière SF, Salas R, Buitrago R, Brémond P, Sosa V, Bosseno MF, Waleckx E, Depickère S, Barnabé C. Wild populations of Triatoma infestans are highly connected to intra-peridomestic conspecific populations in the Bolivian Andes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80786. [PMID: 24278320 PMCID: PMC3835561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Triatoma infestans, the major vector of Chagas disease south of the Amazon in South America, has a large distribution of wild populations, contrary to what has previously been stated. These populations have been suspected of being the source of reinfestation of human habitats and could impede the full success of vector control campaigns. This study examined gene flow between intra-peridomestic populations and wild populations collected in the surround areas in three Andean localities in Bolivia. The populations were defined according to temporal, ecological, and spatial criteria. After DNA extraction from the legs of each insect, the samples were analyzed using seven microsatellite markers. First, the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) detected an absence of differentiation between wild and intra-peridomestic populations, although strong structuring was observed between the populations within each environment. Then for some populations, the Bayesian method of assignment to inferred populations showed very similar assignment patterns of the members of wild or intra-peridomestic populations in each locality. Finally, the detection of the first-generation migrants within the different populations provided evidence of insect displacement from the wild to the intra-peridomestic environment. This result indicates that, after control campaigns in the Andes, controlling this new paradigm of vector transmission risk stemming from the invasion of human habitats by wild populations of T. infestans requires long-term maintenance of public monitoring to keep the risk at a minimal level. Since wild populations of T. infestans have also been detected elsewhere in Argentina, Paraguay, and Chile, there is an urgent need to take these populations into account in future monitoring of Chagas disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Frédérique Brenière
- Health Department, MIVEGEC (Université de Montpellier 1 et 2, CNRS 5290, IRD 224), Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs : Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Montpellier, France
- Instituto Nacional de Laboratorios de Salud (INLASA), Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, La Paz, Bolivia
- * E-mail:
| | - Renata Salas
- Health Department, MIVEGEC (Université de Montpellier 1 et 2, CNRS 5290, IRD 224), Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs : Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Montpellier, France
- Instituto Nacional de Laboratorios de Salud (INLASA), Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Rosio Buitrago
- Health Department, MIVEGEC (Université de Montpellier 1 et 2, CNRS 5290, IRD 224), Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs : Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Montpellier, France
- Instituto Nacional de Laboratorios de Salud (INLASA), Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Philippe Brémond
- Health Department, MIVEGEC (Université de Montpellier 1 et 2, CNRS 5290, IRD 224), Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs : Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Montpellier, France
| | - Victor Sosa
- Health Department, MIVEGEC (Université de Montpellier 1 et 2, CNRS 5290, IRD 224), Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs : Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Montpellier, France
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas y de Interacción Social (IIBISMED), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Marie-France Bosseno
- Health Department, MIVEGEC (Université de Montpellier 1 et 2, CNRS 5290, IRD 224), Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs : Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Montpellier, France
- Instituto Nacional de Laboratorios de Salud (INLASA), Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Etienne Waleckx
- Health Department, MIVEGEC (Université de Montpellier 1 et 2, CNRS 5290, IRD 224), Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs : Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Montpellier, France
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Stéphanie Depickère
- Health Department, MIVEGEC (Université de Montpellier 1 et 2, CNRS 5290, IRD 224), Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs : Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Montpellier, France
- Instituto Nacional de Laboratorios de Salud (INLASA), Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Christian Barnabé
- Health Department, MIVEGEC (Université de Montpellier 1 et 2, CNRS 5290, IRD 224), Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs : Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Montpellier, France
- Instituto Nacional de Laboratorios de Salud (INLASA), Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, La Paz, Bolivia
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16
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High phylogeographic structure in sylvatic vectors of Chagas disease of the genus Mepraia (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2013; 19:280-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Gómez-Palacio A, Triana O, Jaramillo-O N, Dotson EM, Marcet PL. Eco-geographical differentiation among Colombian populations of the Chagas disease vector Triatoma dimidiata (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2013; 20:352-61. [PMID: 24035810 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Triatoma dimidiata is currently the main vector of Chagas disease in Mexico, most Central American countries and several zones of Ecuador and Colombia. Although this species has been the subject of several recent phylogeographic studies, the relationship among different populations within the species remains unclear. To elucidate the population genetic structure of T. dimidiata in Colombia, we analyzed individuals from distinct geographical locations using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene and 7 microsatellite loci. A clear genetic differentiation was observed among specimens from three Colombian eco-geographical regions: Inter Andean Valleys, Caribbean Plains and Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta mountain (SNSM). Additionally, evidence of genetic subdivision was found within the Caribbean Plains region as well as moderate gene flow between the populations from the Caribbean Plains and SNSM regions. The genetic differentiation found among Colombian populations correlates, albeit weakly, with an isolation-by-distance model (IBD). The genetic heterogeneity among Colombian populations correlates with the eco-epidemiological and morphological traits observed in this species across regions within the country. Such genetic and epidemiological diversity should be taken into consideration for the development of vector control strategies and entomological surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Gómez-Palacio
- Grupo BCEI, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia.
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18
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Waleckx E, Depickère S, Salas R, Aliaga C, Monje M, Calle H, Buitrago R, Noireau F, Brenière SF. New discoveries of sylvatic Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) throughout the Bolivian Chaco. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2012; 86:455-8. [PMID: 22403316 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Sylvatic populations of Triatoma infestans might be involved in the recolonization of human dwellings. We report here the discoveries of new T. infestans sylvatic foci in the Bolivian Chaco. Eighty-one triatomines were caught, 38 of which were identified as T. infestans. Triatoma sordida and Panstrongylus geniculatus were the other species collected. One T. infestans and one T. sordida were infected with Trypanosoma cruzi TcI; one T. infestans was infected with TcII. These discoveries add to the debate on the geographic distribution of sylvatic T. infestans populations, the geographic origin of the species, and the epidemiological role of these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Waleckx
- Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, Université Montpellier - CNRS - IRD, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, La Paz, Bolivia.
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19
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Ceballos LA, Piccinali RV, Marcet PL, Vazquez-Prokopec GM, Cardinal MV, Schachter-Broide J, Dujardin JP, Dotson EM, Kitron U, Gürtler RE. Hidden sylvatic foci of the main vector of Chagas disease Triatoma infestans: threats to the vector elimination campaign? PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2011; 5:e1365. [PMID: 22039559 PMCID: PMC3201917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Establishing the sources of reinfestation after residual insecticide spraying is crucial for vector elimination programs. Triatoma infestans, traditionally considered to be limited to domestic or peridomestic (abbreviated as D/PD) habitats throughout most of its range, is the target of an elimination program that has achieved limited success in the Gran Chaco region in South America. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS During a two-year period we conducted semi-annual searches for triatomine bugs in every D/PD site and surrounding sylvatic habitats after full-coverage spraying of pyrethroid insecticides of all houses in a well-defined rural area in northwestern Argentina. We found six low-density sylvatic foci with 24 T. infestans in fallen or standing trees located 110-2,300 m from the nearest house or infested D/PD site detected after insecticide spraying, when house infestations were rare. Analysis of two mitochondrial gene fragments of 20 sylvatic specimens confirmed their species identity as T. infestans and showed that their composite haplotypes were the same as or closely related to D/PD haplotypes. Population studies with 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci and wing geometric morphometry consistently indicated the occurrence of unrestricted gene flow between local D/PD and sylvatic populations. Mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite sibship analyses in the most abundant sylvatic colony revealed descendents from five different females. Spatial analysis showed a significant association between two sylvatic foci and the nearest D/PD bug population found before insecticide spraying. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that, despite of its high degree of domesticity, T. infestans has sylvatic colonies with normal chromatic characters (not melanic morphs) highly connected to D/PD conspecifics in the Argentinean Chaco. Sylvatic habitats may provide a transient or permanent refuge after control interventions, and function as sources for D/PD reinfestation. The occurrence of sylvatic foci of T. infestans in the Gran Chaco may pose additional threats to ongoing vector elimination efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo A. Ceballos
- Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Department of Ecology, Genetics and Evolution, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Romina V. Piccinali
- Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Department of Ecology, Genetics and Evolution, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula L. Marcet
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Gonzalo M. Vazquez-Prokopec
- Department of Environmental Studies, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - M. Victoria Cardinal
- Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Department of Ecology, Genetics and Evolution, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Judith Schachter-Broide
- Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Department of Ecology, Genetics and Evolution, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jean-Pierre Dujardin
- Unité Mixte de Recherche, Institut de Recherches pour le Développment-Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Montpellier, France
| | - Ellen M. Dotson
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Uriel Kitron
- Department of Environmental Studies, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ricardo E. Gürtler
- Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Department of Ecology, Genetics and Evolution, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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