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Upadhyay S, Das K, Ghosal A, Manna S, Saito-Nakano Y, Dutta S, Nozaki T, Ganguly S. Multi-locus sequence analysis reveals phylogenetically segregated Entamoeba histolytica population. Parasitol Int 2024; 100:102861. [PMID: 38244854 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2024.102861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Amoebiasis, caused by the enteric parasite, Entamoeba histolytica, is one of the major food- and water-borne parasitic diseases in developing countries with improper sanitation and poor hygiene. Infection with E. histolytica has diverse disease outcomes, which are determined by the genetic diversity of the infecting strains. Comparative genetic analysis of infecting E. histolytica strains associated with differential disease outcomes from different geographical regions of the world is important to identify the specific genetic patterns of the pathogen that trigger certain disease outcomes of Amoebiasis. The strategy is able to elucidate the genealogical relation and population structure of infecting E. histolytica strains from different geographical regions. In the present study, we have performed a comparative genetic analysis of circulating E. histolytica strains identified from different parts of the world, including our study region, based on five tRNA-linked short tandem repeat (STR) loci (i.e., D-A, NK2, R-R, STGA-D and A-L) and evaluated their potential associations with differential disease outcomes of Amoebiasis. A number of regional-specific, emerging haplotypes of E. histolytica, significantly associated with specific disease outcomes have been identified. Haplotypes, which have a significant positive association with asymptomatic and amoebic liver abscess outcomes, showed a significant negative association with diarrheal outcome, or vice versa. Comparative multi-locus analysis revealed that E. histolytica isolates from our study region are phylogenetically segregated from the isolates of other geographical regions. This study provides a crucial overview of the population structure and emerging pattern of the enteric parasite, E. histolytica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Upadhyay
- Department of Allied Health Science, School of Health Science and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Koushik Das
- Division of Parasitology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata 700010, India.
| | - Ajanta Ghosal
- Division of Parasitology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Suvendu Manna
- Department of HSE & Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Yumiko Saito-Nakano
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Shanta Dutta
- Department of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Tomoyoshi Nozaki
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Sandipan Ganguly
- Division of Parasitology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata 700010, India.
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Upadhyay S, Das K, Ghosal A, Saito-Nakano Y, Dutta S, Nozaki T, Ganguly S. Short tandem repeat (STR) based sequence typing of Entamoeba histolytica identifies S TGA-D locus as a genetic marker, associated with disease outcomes. Parasitol Int 2024; 99:102846. [PMID: 38110172 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2023.102846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Amoebiasis, caused by the enteric parasite Entamoeba histolytica has differential disease outcomes. The association of parasite genotypes with outcomes of amoebic infection is still a paradox and requires to be explored. The genetic information of infecting strains from endemic settings of different geographical regions is essential to evaluate the relation. Comparative genetics of E. histolytica clinical isolates from different disease outcomes have been explored based on two tRNA-linked STR loci (STGA-D and A-L). All of the repeat patterns in the A-L locus were newly identified and unique to Indian isolates. The majority of newly identified repeat patterns in STGA-D locus have outcome-specific distributions, predicting the emergence of disease-specific mutations in this target locus. Statistical analysis further reinforces this observation, as identified repeat patterns only from STGA-D but not A-L locus were significantly associated with disease outcomes. Phylogenetic analysis indicates independent segregation and divergence of tRNA-linked STR arrays for each STR locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Upadhyay
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, School of Health Science and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Koushik Das
- Division of Parasitology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata 700010, India.
| | - Ajanta Ghosal
- Division of Parasitology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Yumiko Saito-Nakano
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Shanta Dutta
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Tomoyoshi Nozaki
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Sandipan Ganguly
- Division of Parasitology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata 700010, India.
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Sardar SK, Ghosal A, Haldar T, Das K, Saito-Nakano Y, Kobayashi S, Dutta S, Nozaki T, Ganguly S. Investigating genetic polymorphism in E. histolytica isolates with distinct clinical phenotypes. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:2525-2537. [PMID: 37642770 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07952-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Amoebiasis is an infection caused by enteric protozoa, most commonly Entamoeba histolytica, and is globally considered a potentially severe and life-threatening condition. To understand the impact of the parasite genome on disease outcomes, it is important to study the genomes of infecting strains in areas with high disease prevalence. These studies aim to establish correlations between parasite genotypes and the clinical presentation of amoebiasis. We employ a strain typing approach that utilizes multiple loci, including SREHP and three polymorphic non-coding loci (tRNA-linked array N-K2 and loci 1-2 and 5-6), for high-resolution analysis. Distinct clinical phenotype isolates underwent amplification and sequencing of studied loci. The nucleotide sequences were analysed using Tandem Repeats Finder to detect short tandem repeats (STRs). These patterns were combined to assign a genotype, and the correlation between clinical phenotypes and repetitive patterns was statistically evaluated. This study found significant polymorphism in the size and number of PCR fragments at SREHP and 5-6 locus, while the 1-2 locus and NK2 locus showed variations in PCR product sizes. Out of 41 genotypes, two (I6 and I41) were significantly associated with their respective disease outcomes and were found in multiple isolates. We observed that I6 was linked with a symptomatic outcome, with a statistically significant p-value of 0.0183. Additionally, we found that I41 was associated with ALA disease outcome, with a p-value of 0.0089. Our study revealed new repeat units not previously reported, unveiling the genetic composition of E. histolytica strains in India, associated with distinct disease manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjib K Sardar
- Division of Parasitology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata, India
| | - Ajanta Ghosal
- Division of Parasitology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata, India
| | - Tapas Haldar
- Division of Parasitology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata, India
| | - Koushik Das
- Division of Parasitology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata, India
- Faculty of Science, Assam Downtown University, Guwahati, Assam, 781026, India
| | - Yumiko Saito-Nakano
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Seiki Kobayashi
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Shanta Dutta
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata, India
| | - Tomoyoshi Nozaki
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sandipan Ganguly
- Division of Parasitology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata, India.
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Karpe AV, Beale DJ, Tran CD. Intelligent Biological Networks: Improving Anti-Microbial Resistance Resilience through Nutritional Interventions to Understand Protozoal Gut Infections. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1800. [PMID: 37512972 PMCID: PMC10383877 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteric protozoan pathogenic infections significantly contribute to the global burden of gastrointestinal illnesses. Their occurrence is considerable within remote and indigenous communities and regions due to reduced access to clean water and adequate sanitation. The robustness of these pathogens leads to a requirement of harsh treatment methods, such as medicinal drugs or antibiotics. However, in addition to protozoal infection itself, these treatments impact the gut microbiome and create dysbiosis. This often leads to opportunistic pathogen invasion, anti-microbial resistance, or functional gastrointestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome. Moreover, these impacts do not remain confined to the gut and are reflected across the gut-brain, gut-liver, and gut-lung axes, among others. Therefore, apart from medicinal treatment, nutritional supplementation is also a key aspect of providing recovery from this dysbiosis. Future proteins, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and food formulations offer a good solution to remedy this dysbiosis. Furthermore, nutritional supplementation also helps to build resilience against opportunistic pathogens and potential future infections and disorders that may arise due to the dysbiosis. Systems biology techniques have shown to be highly effective tools to understand the biochemistry of these processes. Systems biology techniques characterize the fundamental host-pathogen interaction biochemical pathways at various infection and recovery stages. This same mechanism also allows the impact of the abovementioned treatment methods of gut microbiome remediation to be tracked. This manuscript discusses system biology approaches, analytical techniques, and interaction and association networks, to understand (1) infection mechanisms and current global status; (2) cross-organ impacts of dysbiosis, particularly within the gut-liver and gut-lung axes; and (3) nutritional interventions. This study highlights the impact of anti-microbial resistance and multi-drug resistance from the perspective of protozoal infections. It also highlights the role of nutritional interventions to add resilience against the chronic problems caused by these phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash V Karpe
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Black Mountain Science and Innovation Park, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
- Socio-Eternal Thinking for Unity (SETU), Melbourne, VIC 3805, Australia
| | - David J Beale
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Cuong D Tran
- Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Gate 13 Kintore Ave., Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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Fu B, Wang J, Fu X. A rare case of extraintestinal amebiasis. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:364. [PMID: 35410146 PMCID: PMC9004190 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07348-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Amoebiasis is caused by the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica, which is a rare infectious disease in developed countries. If the trophozoites enter the blood, it can spread through the body, such as brain, and lungs. Cases of simultaneous infection of multiple organs are extremely rare. Case presentation Here we report a case of simultaneous infection of amoeba in pulmonary pleura, urinary system and central nervous system. Although the patient received anti amoeba treatment, the prognosis of the patient was poor. Conclusions In this patient, multiple extraintestinal amebic infections in the absence of clinically confirmed intestinal amebiasis or amebic liver abscess are rare and pose diagnostic challenges. The disseminated amebiasis has significantly increased the mortality. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment may reduce the mortality of disseminated amebiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Fu
- Department of Critical care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Dalian Road 149, Zunyi City, 563003, Guizhou, China
| | - Jinjing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi City, 563003, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Fu
- Department of Critical care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Dalian Road 149, Zunyi City, 563003, Guizhou, China.
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Calegar DA, Monteiro KJL, Bacelar PAA, Evangelista BBC, Almeida MM, Dos Santos JP, Boia MN, Coronato-Nunes B, Jaeger LH, Carvalho-Costa FA. Epidemiology, species composition and genetic diversity of tetra- and octonucleated Entamoeba spp. in different Brazilian biomes. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:160. [PMID: 33731176 PMCID: PMC7968159 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04672-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Entamoeba species harbored by humans have different degrees of pathogenicity. The present study explores the intra- and interspecific diversity, phylogenetic relationships, prevalence and distribution of tetra- and octonucleated cyst-producing Entamoeba in different Brazilian regions. Methods Cross-sectional studies were performed to collect fecal samples (n = 1728) and sociodemographic data in communities located in four Brazilian biomes: Atlantic Forest, Caatinga, Cerrado, and Amazon. Fecal samples were subjected to molecular analysis by partial small subunit ribosomal DNA sequencing (SSU rDNA) and phylogenetic analysis. Results Light microscopy analysis revealed that tetranucleated cysts were found in all the studied biomes. The highest positivity rates were observed in the age group 6–10 years (23.21%). For octonucleated cysts, positivity rates ranged from 1 to 55.1%. Sixty SSU rDNA Entamoeba sequences were obtained, and four different species were identified: the octonucleated E. coli, and the tetranucleated E. histolytica, E. dispar, and E. hartmanni. Novel haplotypes (n = 32) were characterized; however, new ribosomal lineages were not identified. The Entamoeba coli ST1 subtype predominated in Atlantic Forest and Caatinga, and the ST2 subtype was predominant in the Amazon biome. E. histolytica was detected only in the Amazon biome. In phylogenetic trees, sequences were grouped in two groups, the first containing uni- and tetranucleated and the second containing uni- and octonucleated cyst-producing Entamoeba species. Molecular diversity indexes revealed a high interspecific diversity for tetra- and octonucleated Entamoeba spp. (H ± SD = 0.9625 ± 0.0126). The intraspecific diversity varied according to species or subtype: E. dispar and E. histolytica showed lower diversity than E. coli subtypes ST1 and ST2 and E. hartmanni. Conclusions Tetra- and octonucleated cyst-producing Entamoeba are endemic in the studied communities; E. histolytica was found in a low proportion and only in the Amazon biome. With regard to E. coli, subtype ST2 was predominant in the Amazon biome. The molecular epidemiology of Entamoeba spp. is a field to be further explored and provides information with important implications for public health. ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-04672-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deiviane Aparecida Calegar
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Kerla Joeline Lima Monteiro
- Centro/Norte, Escritório Técnico Regional - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Piauí, Rua Magalhães Filho, 519, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Polyanna Araújo Alves Bacelar
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Centro/Norte, Escritório Técnico Regional - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Piauí, Rua Magalhães Filho, 519, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Brenda Bulsara Costa Evangelista
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Centro/Norte, Escritório Técnico Regional - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Piauí, Rua Magalhães Filho, 519, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Mayron Morais Almeida
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Pereira Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Centro/Norte, Escritório Técnico Regional - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Piauí, Rua Magalhães Filho, 519, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Márcio Neves Boia
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Coronato-Nunes
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina de Petrópolis (FMP)/Faculdade Arthur Sá Earp Neto (FASE), Rua Machado Fagundes, 326, Cascatinha, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lauren Hubert Jaeger
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n - Campus Universitário, Bairro São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals that the Switching of the Transcriptional Profiles of Cysteine-Related Genes Alters the Virulence of Entamoeba histolytica. mSystems 2020; 5:5/6/e01095-20. [PMID: 33361325 PMCID: PMC7762796 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01095-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on the trophozoite of Entamoeba histolytica suggested this organism could accumulate polyploid cells in its proliferative phase and differentiate its cell cycle from that of other eukaryotes. Therefore, a single-cell sequencing technique was used to study the switching of the RNA transcription profiles of single amoebic trophozoites. Entamoeba histolytica is an intestinal protozoan that causes human amoebic colitis and extraintestinal abscesses. Virulence variation is observed in the pathogenicity of E. histolytica trophozoites, but the detailed mechanism remains unclear. Here, a single trophozoite was cultured alone, and the progeny of the trophozoites of each generation were subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to study the transcriptional profiles of trophozoites. The scRNA-seq analysis indicated the importance of sulfur metabolism and the proteasome pathway in pathogenicity, whereas the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) proteomic analysis did not identify the bulk trophozoites. The trophozoite improved the synthesis of cysteine under cysteine-deficient conditions but downregulated the expression of the intermediate subunit of the lectin of E. histolytica trophozoites and retained the expression of the heavy subunit of lectin, resulting in decreased amoebic phagocytosis and cytotoxicity. The variation in the transmembrane kinase gene family might be critical in regulating the proteasome pathway. Thus, the scRNA-seq technique provided an improved understanding of the biological characteristics and the mechanism of virulence variation of amoebic trophozoites. IMPORTANCE Studies on the trophozoite of Entamoeba histolytica suggested this organism could accumulate polyploid cells in its proliferative phase and differentiate its cell cycle from that of other eukaryotes. Therefore, a single-cell sequencing technique was used to study the switching of the RNA transcription profiles of single amoebic trophozoites. We separated individual trophozoites from axenic cultured trophozoites, CHO cell-incubated trophozoites, and in vivo trophozoites. We found important changes in the sulfur and cysteine metabolism in pathogenicity. The trophozoites strategically regulated the expression of the cysteine-rich protein-encoding genes under cysteine-deficient conditions, thereby decreasing amoebic phagocytosis and cytotoxicity. The single-cell sequencing technique shows evident advantages in comparison with the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) proteomic technology (bulk trophozoite level) and reveals the regulation strategy of trophozoites in the absence of exogenous cysteine. This regulation strategy may be the mechanism of virulence variation of amoebic trophozoites.
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Kiriwaththuduwa S, Gnanapragasam R, Amarasinghe A, Adikari Y, Ranasinghe S, Morel R, Dharmaratne C, Bandara L. Acute fulminant necrotizing amebic colitis in a pediatric patient: a rare complication of amebiasis with high mortality-a case report. ANNALS OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY 2020; 16:28. [PMID: 34899878 PMCID: PMC7494365 DOI: 10.1186/s43159-020-00039-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The majority of amebic infections among humans remain asymptomatic. Rarely, the disease takes a fulminant acute course due to the development of necrotizing amebic colitis. This complication is usually found in adult patients. However, on the contrary, this case was diagnosed in a 9-year-old patient. He was transferred to the Sirimavo Bandaranayake Specialized Children’s Hospital (SBSCH), Peradeniya from the District General Hospital, Kilinochchi. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this rare complication in a child in Sri Lanka. Case presentation We present a case of acute fulminant necrotizing amebic colitis in a 9-year-old boy. Surgical exploration revealed extensive ulceration and multiple perforations in the entire colon. PAS-Martius Yellow 40 stain highlighted amebae with erythrophagocytosis within the necrotic debris of the ulcers. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that was conducted to confirm the diagnosis was positive for Entameba histolytica. The post-operative course was marked with antimicrobial treatment for septicemia and the need for ventilator assistance. Antimicrobial treatment included intravenous metronidazole. The patient progressively recovered and was discharged on a normal diet. Conclusion This case reports an acute fulminant necrotizing amebic colitis in a 9-year-old patient. After the treatments, the patient progressively recovered and was discharged on a normal diet. E. histolytica infections in northern Sri Lanka should be given attention as a public health concern. Furthermore, this case highlights that acute fulminant amebic colitis requires early surgical intervention, aggressive supportive and anti-amebic treatments. Clinicians should be cognizant of this potentially fatal complication of amebic colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Kiriwaththuduwa
- Pediatric Surgery, Sirimavo Bandaranayake Specialized Children's Hospital, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Romola Gnanapragasam
- Anesthesia/Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Sirimavo Bandaranayake Specialized Children's Hospital, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Anjalie Amarasinghe
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Yugantha Adikari
- Pediatric Surgery, Sirimavo Bandaranayake Specialized Children's Hospital, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Shanika Ranasinghe
- Pediatric Surgery, Sirimavo Bandaranayake Specialized Children's Hospital, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Rumala Morel
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Chanuka Dharmaratne
- Pediatric Surgery, Sirimavo Bandaranayake Specialized Children's Hospital, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Lakmalee Bandara
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
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Partida-Rodríguez O, Serrano-Vázquez A, Nieves-Ramírez ME, Moran P, Rojas L, Portillo T, González E, Hernández E, Finlay BB, Ximenez C. Human Intestinal Microbiota: Interaction Between Parasites and the Host Immune Response. Arch Med Res 2017; 48:690-700. [PMID: 29290328 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human gut is a highly complex ecosystem with an extensive microbial community, and the influence of the intestinal microbiota reaches the entire host organism. For example, the microbiome regulates fat storage, stimulates or renews epithelial cells, and influences the development and maturation of the brain and the immune system. Intestinal microbes can protect against infection by pathogenic bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. Hence, the maintenance of homeostasis between the gut microbiota and the rest of the body is crucial for health, with dysbiosis affecting disease. This review focuses on intestinal protozoa, especially those still representing a public health problem in Mexico, and their interactions with the microbiome and the host. The decrease in prevalence of intestinal helminthes in humans left a vacant ecological niche that was quickly occupied by protozoa. Although the mechanisms governing the interaction between intestinal microbiota and protozoa are poorly understood, it is known that the composition of the intestinal bacterial populations modulates the progression of protozoan infection and the outcome of parasitic disease. Most reports on the complex interactions between intestinal bacteria, protozoa and the immune system emphasize the protective role of the microbiota against protozoan infection. Insights into such protection may facilitate the manipulation of microbiota components to prevent and treat intestinal protozoan infections. Here we discuss recent findings about the immunoregulatory effect of intestinal microbiota with regards to intestinal colonization by protozoa, focusing on infections by Entamoeba histolytica, Blastocystis spp, Giardia duodenalis, Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidium parvum. The possible consequences of the microbiota on parasitic, allergic and autoimmune disorders are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oswaldo Partida-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México; Michael Smith Laboratories, University of Brithish Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Angélica Serrano-Vázquez
- Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Miriam E Nieves-Ramírez
- Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Patricia Moran
- Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Liliana Rojas
- Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Tobias Portillo
- Unidad de Bioinformática, Bioestadística y Biología Computacional. Red de Apoyo a la Investigación Científica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto Nacional De Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Enrique González
- Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Eric Hernández
- Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - B Brett Finlay
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of Brithish Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Cecilia Ximenez
- Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.
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10
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Abstract
The outcome of an Entamoeba histolytica infection is variable and the contribution of genetic diversity within E. histolytica to human disease is not fully understood. The information provided by the whole genome sequence of the E. histolytica reference laboratory strain (HM-1:IMSS) and thirteen additional laboratory strains have been made publically available. In this review theories on the source of the unexpected level of structural diversity found in E. histolytica will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol A Gilchrist
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
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11
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Rojas L, Morán P, Valadez A, Gómez A, González E, Hernández E, Partida O, Nieves M, Gudiño M, Magaña U, Torres J, Ximénez C. Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar infection in Mexican school children: genotyping and phylogenetic relationship. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:485. [PMID: 27618874 PMCID: PMC5020506 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1812-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine the frequency of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar infection in school children in the community of Tlaltizapan, in order to understand the dynamics of infection within the school and family spheres of this population. Amoebiasis is an unsolved public health problem and an endemic disease in Mexico. The incidence rate varies depending on the state; the most affected states show the highest numbers of new cases of amoebiasis per year. Previously, we reported the molecular frequency of infection with E. histolytica and/or E. dispar in other rural communities of the state of Morelos. METHODS Children from 3 schools were studied to estimate the frequency of intestinal parasites through microscopic examination of fresh stool samples. The number of studied individuals were 309 school children. The molecular characterization of E. histolytica or E. dispar was carried out by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using species-specific primers to amplify short tandem repeats (STR) in non-coding sequences associated with the tRNA gene; the amplified fragments were sequenced and analyzed. RESULTS Eight different genotypes were obtained from E. dispar isolates with the molecular marker NKD3-D5. None of the cases in which the species E. histolytica was detected developed symptoms attributable to an invasive process of disease. Moreover, the parasitized condition appeared to have no significant impact on the development or nutritional status of affected children. Genotype 1, which corresponds to the reference strain E. dispar SAW760, considered a non-pathogenic amoeba, was the most prevalent. CONCLUSIONS The comparison of the genotypes of Entamoeba species did not show a correlation between children and their relatives. In this community, the species Entamoeba dispar genotype 1 was the most widespread. Based on the indicators of growth, development and nutrition status, the studied community seems to be reasonably adapted to constant exposure to intestinal parasites, since there were no evidences of a serious impact of the parasitized condition on the children's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Rojas
- Research Unit of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Dr Balmis No148 Col. Doctores, CP 06726 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Morán
- Research Unit of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Dr Balmis No148 Col. Doctores, CP 06726 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alicia Valadez
- Research Unit of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Dr Balmis No148 Col. Doctores, CP 06726 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Gómez
- Research Unit of infectious Diseases, Pediatric Hospital, XXI Century Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique González
- Research Unit of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Dr Balmis No148 Col. Doctores, CP 06726 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eric Hernández
- Research Unit of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Dr Balmis No148 Col. Doctores, CP 06726 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Oswaldo Partida
- Research Unit of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Dr Balmis No148 Col. Doctores, CP 06726 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miriam Nieves
- Research Unit of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Dr Balmis No148 Col. Doctores, CP 06726 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marco Gudiño
- Research Unit of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Dr Balmis No148 Col. Doctores, CP 06726 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ulises Magaña
- Research Unit of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Dr Balmis No148 Col. Doctores, CP 06726 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Javier Torres
- Research Unit of infectious Diseases, Pediatric Hospital, XXI Century Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Ximénez
- Research Unit of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Dr Balmis No148 Col. Doctores, CP 06726 Mexico City, Mexico
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12
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Castellanos-Castro S, Cerda-García-Rojas CM, Javier-Reyna R, Pais-Morales J, Chávez-Munguía B, Orozco E. Identification of the phospholipid lysobisphosphatidic acid in the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica: An active molecule in endocytosis. Biochem Biophys Rep 2015; 5:224-236. [PMID: 28955828 PMCID: PMC5600446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipids are essential for vesicle fusion and fission and both are fundamental events for Entamoeba histolytica phagocytosis. Our aim was to identify the lysobisphosphatidic acid (LBPA) in trophozoites and investigate its cellular fate during endocytosis. LBPA was detected by TLC in a 0.5 Rf spot of total lipids, which co-migrated with the LBPA standard. The 6C4 antibody, against LBPA recognized phospholipids extracted from this spot. Reverse phase LC-ESI-MS and MS/MS mass spectrometry revealed six LBPA species of m/z 772.58–802.68. LBPA was associated to pinosomes and phagosomes. Intriguingly, during pinocytosis, whole cell fluorescence quantification showed that LBPA dropped 84% after 15 min incubation with FITC-Dextran, and after 60 min, it increased at levels close to steady state conditions. Similarly, during erythrophagocytosis, after 15 min, LBPA also dropped in 36% and increased after 60 and 90 min. EhRab7A protein appeared in some vesicles with LBPA in steady state conditions, but after phagocytosis co-localization of both molecules increased and in late phases of erythrophagocytosis they were found in huge phagosomes or multivesicular bodies with many intraluminal vacuoles, and surrounding ingested erythrocytes and phagosomes. The 6C4 and anti-EhADH (EhADH is an ALIX family protein) antibodies and Lysotracker merged in about 50% of the vesicles in steady state conditions and throughout phagocytosis. LBPA and EhADH were also inside huge phagosomes. These results demonstrated that E. histolytica LBPA is associated to pinosomes and phagosomes during endocytosis and suggested differences of LBPA requirements during pinocytosis and phagocytosis. LBPA is identified for the first time in the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica. LBPA is found in pinosomes and in 10–20 µm diameter phagosomes or multivesicular bodies. LBPA appeared associated with EhRab7A protein, a late endosomes marker. LBPA interacts with EhADH (an ALIX family protein) during phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Castellanos-Castro
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Mexico.,Colegio de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Dr. García Diego 168, CP 06720, D.F. México, México
| | - Carlos M Cerda-García-Rojas
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Avenue IPN, 2508, CP 07360, D.F. México, México
| | | | | | | | - Esther Orozco
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Mexico
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13
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Reyna-Fabián ME, Zermeño V, Ximénez C, Flores J, Romero MF, Diaz D, Argueta J, Moran P, Valadez A, Cerritos R. Analysis of the Bacterial Diversity in Liver Abscess: Differences Between Pyogenic and Amebic Abscesses. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2015; 94:147-55. [PMID: 26572872 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Several recent studies have demonstrated that virulence in Entamoeba histolytica is triggered in the presence of both pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria species using in vitro and in vivo experimental animal models. In this study, we examined samples aspirated from abscess material obtained from patients who were clinically diagnosed with amebic liver abscess (ALA) or pyogenic liver abscess (PLA). To determine the diversity of bacterial species in the abscesses, we performed partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In addition, the E. histolytica and Entamoeba dispar species were genotyped using tRNA-linked short tandem repeats as specific molecular markers. The association between clinical data and bacterial and parasite genotypes were examined through a correspondence analysis. The results showed the presence of numerous bacterial groups. These taxonomic groups constitute common members of the gut microbiota, although all of the detected bacterial species have a close phylogenetic relationship with bacterial pathogens. Furthermore, some patients clinically diagnosed with PLA and ALA were coinfected with E. dispar or E. histolytica, which suggests that the virulence of these parasites increased in the presence of bacteria. However, no specific bacterial groups were associated with this effect. Together, our results suggest a nonspecific mechanism of virulence modulation by bacteria in Entamoeba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam E Reyna-Fabián
- Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México; Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México
| | - Valeria Zermeño
- Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México; Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México
| | - Cecilia Ximénez
- Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México; Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México
| | - Janin Flores
- Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México; Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México
| | - Miguel F Romero
- Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México; Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México
| | - Daniel Diaz
- Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México; Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México
| | - Jesús Argueta
- Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México; Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México
| | - Patricia Moran
- Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México; Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México
| | - Alicia Valadez
- Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México; Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México
| | - René Cerritos
- Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México; Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México
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15
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Fontecha GA, García K, Rueda MM, Sosa-Ochoa W, Sánchez AL, Leiva B. A PCR-RFLP method for the simultaneous differentiation of three Entamoeba species. Exp Parasitol 2015; 151-152:80-3. [PMID: 25680279 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amoebiasis caused by Entamoeba histolytica continues to be one of the most common parasitic diseases in the developing world. Despite its relevance, due to the lack of accurate diagnostic methods, the true clinical and public health importance of this parasite remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to develop a new diagnostic tool to differentiate E.histolytica from the morphologically undistinguishable E.dispar and E.moshkovskii. We developed a specific, fast and simple PCR-RFLP method that was able to accurately differentiate experimentally-obtained restriction patterns from the three Entamoeba species. This new method could prove useful for clinical and epidemiological purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A Fontecha
- Microbiology Research Institute, Microbiology School, National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH), Ciudad Universitaria, J1, 4th fl., Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
| | - Kimberly García
- Microbiology Research Institute, Microbiology School, National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH), Ciudad Universitaria, J1, 4th fl., Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - María Mercedes Rueda
- Microbiology Research Institute, Microbiology School, National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH), Ciudad Universitaria, J1, 4th fl., Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Wilfredo Sosa-Ochoa
- Microbiology Research Institute, Microbiology School, National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH), Ciudad Universitaria, J1, 4th fl., Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Ana Lourdes Sánchez
- Microbiology Research Institute, Microbiology School, National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH), Ciudad Universitaria, J1, 4th fl., Tegucigalpa, Honduras; Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Byron Leiva
- Microbiology and Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases Research Center, UNAN-León, León, Nicaragua
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16
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To highlight new findings on the relevance of gastrointestinal protozoan infections to global public health in low-income and middle-income countries and suggest new large-scale interventions. RECENT FINDINGS New disease burden assessments and epidemiological studies highlight the role of the major intestinal protozoa as important etiologic disease agents in low-income and middle-income countries. Despite their prevalence and adverse health impact, such information has not yet translated to the implementation of large-scale interventions as exist for helminth infections and other neglected tropical diseases. There are also several key research and development questions that must be addressed for intestinal protozoan infections and the potential need for new tools, for example, drugs, diagnostics, and vaccines. Additional studies have identified new and emerging species of intestinal protozoa relevant to global public health such as Dientamoeba fragilis and Blastocystis hominis and how they too might emerge as important gastrointestinal pathogens in the coming years. SUMMARY New and emerging information on intestinal protozoa are reviewed with emphasis on aspects considered relevant to global health policymakers including prospects for scaling up interventions against intestinal protozoan infections in resource-poor countries.
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Das K, Ganguly S. Evolutionary genomics and population structure of Entamoeba histolytica. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2014; 12:26-33. [PMID: 25505504 PMCID: PMC4262060 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Amoebiasis caused by the gastrointestinal parasite Entamoeba histolytica has diverse disease outcomes. Study of genome and evolution of this fascinating parasite will help us to understand the basis of its virulence and explain why, when and how it causes diseases. In this review, we have summarized current knowledge regarding evolutionary genomics of E. histolytica and discussed their association with parasite phenotypes and its differential pathogenic behavior. How genetic diversity reveals parasite population structure has also been discussed. Queries concerning their evolution and population structure which were required to be addressed have also been highlighted. This significantly large amount of genomic data will improve our knowledge about this pathogenic species of Entamoeba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Das
- Division of Parasitology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, CIT Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Sandipan Ganguly
- Division of Parasitology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, CIT Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700010, India
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Das K, Mukherjee AK, Chowdhury P, Sehgal R, Bhattacharya MK, Hashimoto T, Nozaki T, Ganguly S. Multilocus sequence typing system (MLST) reveals a significant association of Entamoeba histolytica genetic patterns with disease outcome. Parasitol Int 2013; 63:308-14. [PMID: 24321887 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2013.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between parasite genotypes and outcome of amoebic infection is still a paradox and needed to be explored. Proper identification and genetic characterization of Entamoeba histolytica clinical isolates is an effective tool for exploring this relation. Along with conventional polymorphic marker (Chitinase), tRNA linked short tandem repeat (STR) loci has been employed as multilocus genotyping tool due to its better resolution and evolutionary significance. Some common as well as exclusive repeat patterns showing significant relation with disease outcome have been identified. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that repeat patterns exclusively found in asymptomatic and amoebic liver abscess derived isolates are placed in a common lineage and has similar association pattern with the disease outcome. Assumption can be made that isolates of E. histolytica remaining asymptomatic is genetically closer siblings of those causing liver abscess rather than the diarrheal isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Das
- Division of Parasitology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, CIT Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700010, India.
| | - Avik K Mukherjee
- Division of Parasitology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, CIT Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700010, India.
| | - Punam Chowdhury
- Division of Parasitology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, CIT Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700010, India.
| | - Rakesh Sehgal
- Department of Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Mihir K Bhattacharya
- Division of Clinical Medicine, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, CIT Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Tetsuo Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan.
| | - Tomoyoshi Nozaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan; Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
| | - Sandipan Ganguly
- Division of Parasitology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, CIT Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700010, India.
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Correlation between genotypes of tRNA-linked short tandem repeats in Entamoeba nuttalli isolates and the geographical distribution of host rhesus macaques. Parasitol Res 2013; 113:367-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-013-3664-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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