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Cabral-de-Mello DC, Mora P, Rico-Porras JM, Ferretti ABSM, Palomeque T, Lorite P. The spread of satellite DNAs in euchromatin and insights into the multiple sex chromosome evolution in Hemiptera revealed by repeatome analysis of the bug Oxycarenus hyalinipennis. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 32:725-737. [PMID: 37615351 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Satellite DNAs (satDNAs) are highly repeated tandem sequences primarily located in heterochromatin, although their occurrence in euchromatin has been reported. Here, our aim was to advance the understanding of satDNA and multiple sex chromosome evolution in heteropterans. We combined cytogenetic and genomic approaches to study, for the first time, the satDNA composition of the genome in an Oxycarenidae bug, Oxycarenus hyalinipennis. The species exhibits a male karyotype of 2n = 19 (14A + 2 m + X1 X2 Y), with a highly differentiated Y chromosome, as demonstrated by C-banding and comparative genomic hybridization, revealing an enrichment of repeats from the male genome. Additionally, comparative analysis between males and females revealed that the 26 identified satDNA families are significantly biased towards male genome, accumulating in discrete regions in the Y chromosome. Exceptionally, the OhyaSat04-125 family was found to be distributed virtually throughout the entire extension of the Y chromosome. This suggests an important role of satDNA in Y chromosome differentiation, in comparison of other repeats, which collectively shows similar abundance between sexes, about 50%. Furthermore, chromosomal mapping of all satDNA families revealed an unexpected high spread in euchromatic regions, covering the entire extension, irrespective of their abundance. Only discrete regions of heterochromatin on the Y chromosome and of the m-chromosomes (peculiar chromosomes commonly observed in heteropterans) were enriched with satDNAs. The putative causes of the intense enrichment of satDNAs in euchromatin are discussed, including the possible existence of burst cycles similar to transposable elements and as a result of holocentricity. These data challenge the classical notion that euchromatin is not enriched with satDNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo C Cabral-de-Mello
- Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Instituto de Biociências/IB, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, Brazil
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Área de Genética, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Pablo Mora
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Área de Genética, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - José M Rico-Porras
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Área de Genética, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Ana B S M Ferretti
- Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Instituto de Biociências/IB, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Teresa Palomeque
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Área de Genética, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Pedro Lorite
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Área de Genética, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
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2
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Mello MLS. Nuclear Morphofunctional Organization and Epigenetic Characteristics in Somatic Cells of T. infestans (Klug, 1834). Pathogens 2023; 12:1030. [PMID: 37623990 PMCID: PMC10460038 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12081030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Triatoma infestans (Klug) is an insect recognized as not only an important vector of South American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease) but also a model of specific cellular morphofunctional organization and epigenetic characteristics. The purpose of the present review is to highlight certain cellular processes that are particularly unveiled in T. infestans, such as the following: (1) somatic polyploidy involving nuclear and cell fusions that generate giant nuclei; (2) diversification of nuclear phenotypes in the Malpighian tubules during insect development; (3) heterochromatin compartmentalization into large bodies with specific spatial distribution and presumed mobility in the cell nuclei; (4) chromatin remodeling and co-occurrence of necrosis and apoptosis in the Malpighian tubules under stress conditions; (5) epigenetic markers; and (6) response of heterochromatin to valproic acid, an epidrug that inhibits histone deacetylases and induces DNA demethylation in other cell systems. These cellular processes and epigenetic characteristics emphasize the role of T. infestans as an attractive model for cellular research. A limitation of these studies is the availability of insect supply by accredited insectaries. For studies that require the injection of drugs, the operator's dexterity to perform insect manipulation is necessary, especially if young nymphs are used. For studies involving in vitro cultivation of insect organs, the culture medium should be carefully selected to avoid inconsistent results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luiza S Mello
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
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3
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Anjos A, Milani D, Bardella VB, Paladini A, Cabral-de-Mello DC. Evolution of satDNAs on holocentric chromosomes: insights from hemipteran insects of the genus Mahanarva. CHROMOSOME RESEARCH : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON THE MOLECULAR, SUPRAMOLECULAR AND EVOLUTIONARY ASPECTS OF CHROMOSOME BIOLOGY 2023; 31:5. [PMID: 36705735 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-023-09710-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Satellite DNAs (satDNAs) constitute one of the main components of eukaryote genomes and are involved in chromosomal organization and diversification. Although largely studied, little information was gathered about their evolution on holocentric species, i.e., diffuse centromeres, which, due to differences in repeat organization, could result in different evolutionary patterns. Here, we combined bioinformatics and cytogenetic approaches to evaluate the evolution of the satellitomes in Mahanarva holocentric insects. In two species, de novo identification revealed a high number of satDNAs, 110 and 113, with an extreme monomer length range of 18-4228 bp. The overall abundance of satDNAs was observed to be 6.67% in M. quadripunctata and 1.98% in M. spectabilis, with different abundances for the shared satDNAs. Chromosomal mapping of the most abundant repeats of M. quadripunctata and M. spectabilis on other Mahanarva reinforced the dynamic nature of satDNAs. Variable patterns of chromosomal distribution for the satDNAs were noticed, with the occurrence of clusters on distinct numbers of chromosomes and at different positions and the occurrence of scattered signals or nonclustered satDNAs. Altogether, our data demonstrated the high dynamism of satDNAs in Mahanarva with the involvement of this genomic fraction in chromosome diversification of the genus. The general characteristics and patterns of evolution of satDNAs are similar to those observed on monocentric chromosomes, suggesting that the differential organization of genome compartments observed on holocentric chromosomes compared with monocentric chromosomes does not have a large impact on the evolution of satDNAs. Analysis of the satellitomes of other holocentric species in a comparative manner will shed light on this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Anjos
- Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Diogo Milani
- Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Vanessa B Bardella
- Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Andressa Paladini
- Departamento de Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Diogo C Cabral-de-Mello
- Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil.
- Department of Experimental Biology, Genetics Area, University of Jaén, Paraje las Lagunillas s/n, 23071, Jaen, Spain.
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Karyological Diversification in the Genus Lyciasalamandra (Urodela: Salamandridae). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061709. [PMID: 34201034 PMCID: PMC8228943 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The Lycian salamanders of the genus Lyciasalamandra are characterized by a debated taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships. They have been the subject of various molecular and phylogenetic analyses, but their chromosomal diversity is completely unknown. We here present a comparative cytogenetic analysis on five out of the seven described species and seven subspecies of Lyciasalamandra, providing the first karyological assessment on the genus and comparing them to closely related representatives of the genus Salamandra. We analyzed the occurrence and distribution of different conserved (chromosome number and morphology) and highly variable karyological features. We found an impressive diversity in the configuration of nucleolus organizing regions (NORs), which alternatively occur either as heteromorphic or homomorphic loci on distinct regions of different chromosome pairs. We highlight that the observed peculiar taxon-specific pattern of chromosome markers supports the taxonomic validity of the different studied evolutionary lineages and is consistent with a scenario of synchronous evolution in the Lycian salamanders. Abstract We performed the first cytogenetic analysis on five out of the seven species of the genus Lyciasalamandra, including seven subspecies, and representatives of its sister genus Salamandra. All the studied species have a similar karyotype of 2n = 24, mostly composed of biarmed elements. C-bands were observed on all chromosomes, at centromeric, telomeric and interstitial position. We found a peculiar taxon-specific NOR configuration, including either heteromorphic and homomorphic NORs on distinct regions of different chromosomes. Lyciasalamandra a.antalyana and L. helverseni showed two homomorphic NORs (pairs 8 and 2, respectively), while heteromorphic NORs were found in L. billae (pairs 6, 12), L. flavimembris (pairs 2, 12), L. l. luschani (pairs 2, 12), L. l. basoglui (pairs 6, 12), L. l. finikensis (pairs 2, 6) and S. lanzai (pairs 8, 10). Homomorphic NORs with an additional supernumerary site were shown by S. s. salamandra (pairs 2, 8) and S. s. gigliolii (pairs 2, 10). This unexpected highly variable NOR configuration is probably derived from multiple independent NOR translocations and paracentric inversions and correlated to lineage divergence in Lyciasalamandra. These results support the taxonomic validity of the studied taxa and are consistent with a hypothesized scenario of synchronous evolution in the genus.
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Montiel EE, Panzera F, Palomeque T, Lorite P, Pita S. Satellitome Analysis of Rhodnius prolixus, One of the Main Chagas Disease Vector Species. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6052. [PMID: 34205189 PMCID: PMC8199985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The triatomine Rhodnius prolixus is the main vector of Chagas disease in countries such as Colombia and Venezuela, and the first kissing bug whose genome has been sequenced and assembled. In the repetitive genome fraction (repeatome) of this species, the transposable elements represented 19% of R. prolixus genome, being mostly DNA transposon (Class II elements). However, scarce information has been published regarding another important repeated DNA fraction, the satellite DNA (satDNA), or satellitome. Here, we offer, for the first time, extended data about satellite DNA families in the R. prolixus genome using bioinformatics pipeline based on low-coverage sequencing data. The satellitome of R. prolixus represents 8% of the total genome and it is composed by 39 satDNA families, including four satDNA families that are shared with Triatoma infestans, as well as telomeric (TTAGG)n and (GATA)n repeats, also present in the T. infestans genome. Only three of them exceed 1% of the genome. Chromosomal hybridization with these satDNA probes showed dispersed signals over the euchromatin of all chromosomes, both in autosomes and sex chromosomes. Moreover, clustering analysis revealed that most abundant satDNA families configured several superclusters, indicating that R. prolixus satellitome is complex and that the four most abundant satDNA families are composed by different subfamilies. Additionally, transcription of satDNA families was analyzed in different tissues, showing that 33 out of 39 satDNA families are transcribed in four different patterns of expression across samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia E. Montiel
- Department of Experimental Biology, Genetics, University of Jaén. Paraje las Lagunillas sn., 23071 Jaén, Spain; (E.E.M.); (T.P.)
| | - Francisco Panzera
- Evolutionary Genetic Section, Faculty of Science, University of the Republic, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay;
| | - Teresa Palomeque
- Department of Experimental Biology, Genetics, University of Jaén. Paraje las Lagunillas sn., 23071 Jaén, Spain; (E.E.M.); (T.P.)
| | - Pedro Lorite
- Department of Experimental Biology, Genetics, University of Jaén. Paraje las Lagunillas sn., 23071 Jaén, Spain; (E.E.M.); (T.P.)
| | - Sebastián Pita
- Evolutionary Genetic Section, Faculty of Science, University of the Republic, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay;
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Boštjančić LL, Bonassin L, Anušić L, Lovrenčić L, Besendorfer V, Maguire I, Grandjean F, Austin CM, Greve C, Hamadou AB, Mlinarec J. The Pontastacus leptodactylus (Astacidae) Repeatome Provides Insight Into Genome Evolution and Reveals Remarkable Diversity of Satellite DNA. Front Genet 2021; 11:611745. [PMID: 33552130 PMCID: PMC7859515 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.611745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pontastacus leptodactylus is a native European crayfish species found in both freshwater and brackish environments. It has commercial importance for fisheries and aquaculture industries. Up till now, most studies concerning P. leptodactylus have focused onto gaining knowledge about its phylogeny and population genetics. However, little is known about the chromosomal evolution and genome organization of this species. Therefore, we performed clustering analysis of a low coverage genomic dataset to identify and characterize repetitive DNA in the P. leptodactylus genome. In addition, the karyogram of P. leptodactylus (2n = 180) is presented here for the first time consisting of 75 metacentric, 14 submetacentric, and a submetacentric/metacentric heteromorphic chromosome pair. We determined the genome size to be at ~18.7 gigabase pairs. Repetitive DNA represents about 54.85% of the genome. Satellite DNA repeats are the most abundant type of repetitive DNA, making up to ~28% of the total amount of repetitive elements, followed by the Ty3/Gypsy retroelements (~15%). Our study established a surprisingly high diversity of satellite repeats in P. leptodactylus. The genome of P. leptodactylus is by far the most satellite-rich genome discovered to date with 258 satellite families described. Of the five mapped satellite DNA families on chromosomes, PlSAT3-411 co-localizes with the AT-rich DAPI positive probable (peri)centromeric heterochromatin on all chromosomes, while PlSAT14-79 co-localizes with the AT-rich DAPI positive (peri)centromeric heterochromatin on one chromosome and is also located subterminally and intercalary on some chromosomes. PlSAT1-21 is located intercalary in the vicinity of the (peri)centromeric heterochromatin on some chromosomes, while PlSAT6-70 and PlSAT7-134 are located intercalary on some P. leptodactylus chromosomes. The FISH results reveal amplification of interstitial telomeric repeats (ITRs) in P. leptodactylus. The prevalence of repetitive elements, especially the satellite DNA repeats, may have provided a driving force for the evolution of the P. leptodactylus genome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lena Bonassin
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Anušić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Leona Lovrenčić
- Division of Zoology, Department of Biology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Višnja Besendorfer
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Maguire
- Division of Zoology, Department of Biology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Frederic Grandjean
- Laboratoire Ecologie Biologie des Interactions-UMR CNRS 7267, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Christopher M. Austin
- Centre of Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Carola Greve
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Alexander Ben Hamadou
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jelena Mlinarec
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Anjos A, Paladini A, Evangelista O, Cabral‐de‐Mello DC. Insights into chromosomal evolution of Cicadomorpha using fluorochrome staining and mapping 18S rRNA and H3 histone genes. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Allison Anjos
- Departamento de BiologiaInstituto de BiociênciasUNESP Rio Claro SP Brazil
| | - Andressa Paladini
- Departamento de Ecologia e EvoluçãoUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria RS Brazil
| | - Olivia Evangelista
- Australian National Insect CollectionCSIRO National Research Collections Australia Canberra Australia
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Pita S, Mora P, Vela J, Palomeque T, Sánchez A, Panzera F, Lorite P. Comparative Analysis of Repetitive DNA between the Main Vectors of Chagas Disease: Triatoma infestans and Rhodnius prolixus. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051277. [PMID: 29695139 PMCID: PMC5983683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease or American trypanosomiasis affects six to seven million people worldwide, mostly in Latin America. This disease is transmitted by hematophagous insects known as “kissing bugs” (Hemiptera, Triatominae), with Triatoma infestans and Rhodnius prolixus being the two most important vector species. Despite the fact that both species present the same diploid chromosome number (2n = 22), they have remarkable differences in their total DNA content, chromosome structure and genome organization. Variations in the DNA genome size are expected to be due to differences in the amount of repetitive DNA sequences. The T. infestans genome-wide analysis revealed the existence of 42 satellite DNA families. BLAST searches of these sequences against the R. prolixus genome assembly revealed that only four of these satellite DNA families are shared between both species, suggesting a great differentiation between the Triatoma and Rhodnius genomes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) location of these repetitive DNAs in both species showed that they are dispersed on the euchromatic regions of all autosomes and the X chromosome. Regarding the Y chromosome, these common satellite DNAs are absent in T. infestans but they are present in the R. prolixus Y chromosome. These results support a different origin and/or evolution in the Y chromosome of both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Pita
- Evolutionary Genetic Section, Faculty of Science, University of the Republic, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay.
| | - Pablo Mora
- Department of Experimental Biology, Genetics , University of Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n., 23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | - Jesús Vela
- Department of Experimental Biology, Genetics , University of Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n., 23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | - Teresa Palomeque
- Department of Experimental Biology, Genetics , University of Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n., 23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | - Antonio Sánchez
- Department of Experimental Biology, Genetics , University of Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n., 23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | - Francisco Panzera
- Evolutionary Genetic Section, Faculty of Science, University of the Republic, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay.
| | - Pedro Lorite
- Department of Experimental Biology, Genetics , University of Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n., 23071 Jaén, Spain.
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Pita S, Panzera F, Mora P, Vela J, Cuadrado Á, Sánchez A, Palomeque T, Lorite P. Comparative repeatome analysis on Triatoma infestans Andean and Non-Andean lineages, main vector of Chagas disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181635. [PMID: 28723933 PMCID: PMC5517068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triatoma infestans is the most important Chagas disease vector in South America. Two main evolutionary lineages, named Andean and non-Andean, have been recognized by geographical distribution, phenetic and genetic characteristics. One of the main differences is the genomic size, varying over 30% in their haploid DNA content. Here we realize a genome wide analysis to compare the repetitive genome fraction (repeatome) between both lineages in order to identify the main repetitive DNA changes occurred during T. infestans differentiation process. RepeatExplorer analysis using Illumina reads showed that both lineages exhibit the same amount of non-repeat sequences, and that satellite DNA is by far the major component of repetitive DNA and the main responsible for the genome size differentiation between both lineages. We characterize 42 satellite DNA families, which are virtually all present in both lineages but with different amount in each lineage. Furthermore, chromosomal location of satellite DNA by fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that genomic variations in T. infestans are mainly due to satellite DNA families located on the heterochromatic regions. The results also show that many satDNA families are located on the euchromatic regions of the chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Pita
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Francisco Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pablo Mora
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Área de Genética, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Jesús Vela
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Área de Genética, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Ángeles Cuadrado
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Alcalá de Henares, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Área de Genética, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Teresa Palomeque
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Área de Genética, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Pedro Lorite
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Área de Genética, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
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Pita S, Panzera F, Sánchez A, Palomeque T, Lorite P. Chromosome Painting in Triatomine Insects Reveals Shared Sequences Between X Chromosomes and Autosomes. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 54:44-49. [PMID: 28082631 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to provide a broad picture on the origin and evolution of holocentric X chromosomes in heteropteran species, we prepared a sex chromosome painting probe by microdissection of the X1 and X2 chromosomes from a kissing bug Mepraia spinolai (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae). Fluorescence in situ hybridization on four species of the Triatomini having different amounts of autosomal heterochromatin and sex chromosome systems show that the Xs probe hybridizes on the euchromatin, located both on autosomes and X chromosomes. The heterochromatic Y chromosome and autosomal heterochromatic regions always appear free of hybridization signals. The hybridization results of the Xs probe on Rhodnius prolixus (Rhodniini) is completely different to that observed in Triatomini species. The hybridization signals are small and scattered on all euchromatin, without specific regions including the X chromosome. These results are in accordance with previous data obtained by genomic in situ hybridization and fluorescent banding, suggesting a clear differentiation in the repeat sequence composition of both sex chromosomes between Triatomini and Rhodniini tribes. These results also support that each sex chromosome in Triatomini has evolved independently from different autosomal pairs of a common ancestor, as described in other insect orders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Pita
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay (; )
| | - Francisco Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay (; )
| | - Antonio Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Área de Genética, Universidad de Jaén, Av. Lagunillas s/n., 23071 Jaén, Spain (; ; )
| | - Teresa Palomeque
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Área de Genética, Universidad de Jaén, Av. Lagunillas s/n., 23071 Jaén, Spain (; ; )
| | - Pedro Lorite
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Área de Genética, Universidad de Jaén, Av. Lagunillas s/n., 23071 Jaén, Spain (; ; )
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Anjos A, Rocha GC, Paladini A, Mariguela TC, Cabral-de-Mello DC. Karyotypes and Repetitive DNA Evolution in Six Species of the Genus Mahanarva (Auchenorrhyncha: Cercopidae). Cytogenet Genome Res 2016; 149:321-327. [PMID: 27811473 DOI: 10.1159/000450730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects of the Cercopidae family are widely distributed and comprise 59 genera and 431 species in the New World. They are xylemophagous, causing losses in agricultural and pasture grasses, and are considered as emerging pests. Chromosomally, these insects have been studied by standard techniques, revealing variable diploid numbers and primarily X0 sex chromosome systems (males). We performed chromosome studies in 6 Mahanarva (Cercopidae) species using standard and differential chromosome staining as well as mapping of repetitive DNAs. Moreover, the relationship between the repetitive DNAs was analyzed at the interspecific level. A diploid chromosome number of 2n = 19,X0 was documented, with chromosomes gradually decreasing in size. Neutral or GC-rich regions were detected which varied depending on the species. Fluorescence in situ hybridization with a (TTAGG)n telomeric motif probe revealed terminal signals, matching those of the Cot DNAs obtained from each species, that were also restricted to the terminal regions of all chromosomes. Dot blot analysis with the Cot fraction from M. quadripunctata showed that at least part of the repetitive genome is shared among the 6 species. Our data highlight the conservation of chromosomal features and organization of repetitive DNAs in the genus Mahanarva, suggesting a low differentiation for chromosomes and repetitive DNAs in most of the 6 species studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Anjos
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Rio Claro, Brazil
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Bardella VB, Pita S, Vanzela ALL, Galvão C, Panzera F. Heterochromatin base pair composition and diversification in holocentric chromosomes of kissing bugs (Hemiptera, Reduviidae). Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2016; 111:614-624. [PMID: 27759763 PMCID: PMC5066327 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760160044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The subfamily Triatominae (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) includes 150 species of blood-sucking insects, vectors of Chagas disease or American trypanosomiasis. Karyotypic information reveals a striking stability in the number of autosomes. However, this group shows substantial variability in genome size, the amount and distribution of C-heterochromatin, and the chromosome positions of 45S rDNA clusters. Here, we analysed the karyotypes of 41 species from six different genera with C-fluorescence banding in order to evaluate the base-pair richness of heterochromatic regions. Our results show a high heterogeneity in the fluorescent staining of the heterochromatin in both autosomes and sex chromosomes, never reported before within an insect subfamily with holocentric chromosomes. This technique allows a clear discrimination of the heterochromatic regions classified as similar by C-banding, constituting a new chromosome marker with taxonomic and evolutionary significance. The diverse fluorescent patterns are likely due to the amplification of different repeated sequences, reflecting an unusual dynamic rearrangement in the genomes of this subfamily. Further, we discuss the evolution of these repeated sequences in both autosomes and sex chromosomes in species of Triatominae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Bellini Bardella
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento
de Biologia, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil
| | - Sebastián Pita
- Universidad de la República, Facultad de Ciencias, Sección Genética
Evolutiva, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - André Luis Laforga Vanzela
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas,
Departamento de Biologia Geral, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | - Cleber Galvão
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de
Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Francisco Panzera
- Universidad de la República, Facultad de Ciencias, Sección Genética
Evolutiva, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Věchtová P, Dalíková M, Sýkorová M, Žurovcová M, Füssy Z, Zrzavá M. CpSAT-1, a transcribed satellite sequence from the codling moth, Cydia pomonella. Genetica 2016; 144:385-95. [PMID: 27236660 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-016-9907-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Satellite DNA (satDNA) is a non-coding component of eukaryotic genomes, located mainly in heterochromatic regions. Relevance of satDNA began to emerge with accumulating evidence of its potential yet hardly comprehensible role that it can play in the genome of many organisms. We isolated the first satDNA of the codling moth (Cydia pomonella, Tortricidae, Lepidoptera), a species with holokinetic chromosomes and a single large heterochromatic element, the W chromosome in females. The satDNA, called CpSAT-1, is located on all chromosomes of the complement, although in different amounts. Surprisingly, the satellite is almost missing in the heterochromatic W chromosome. Additionally, we isolated mRNA from all developmental stages (1st-5th instar larva, pupa, adult), both sexes (adult male and female) and several tissues (Malpighian tubules, gut, heart, testes, and ovaries) of the codling moth and showed the CpSAT-1 sequence was transcribed in all tested samples. Using CpSAT-1 specific primers we amplified, cloned and sequenced 40 monomers from cDNA and gDNA, respectively. The sequence analysis revealed a high mutation rate and the presence of potentially functional motifs, mainly in non-conserved regions of the monomers. Both the chromosomal distribution and the sequence analysis suggest that CPSAT-1 has no function in the C. pomonella genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlína Věchtová
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre CAS, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre CAS, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Dalíková
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre CAS, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Sýkorová
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre CAS, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Žurovcová
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre CAS, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Zoltán Füssy
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre CAS, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Magda Zrzavá
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. .,Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre CAS, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
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Sharakhov IV, Sharakhova MV. Heterochromatin, histone modifications, and nuclear architecture in disease vectors. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2015; 10:110-117. [PMID: 26097808 PMCID: PMC4470418 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between a pathogen and a vector are plastic and dynamic. Such interactions can be more rapidly accommodated by epigenetic changes than by genetic mutations. Gene expression can be affected by the proximity to the heterochromatin, by local histone modifications, and by the three-dimensional position within the nucleus. Recent studies of disease vectors indicate that gene regulation by these factors can be important for susceptibility to pathogens, reproduction, immunity, development, and longevity. Knowledge about heterochromatin, histone modifications, and nuclear architecture will help our understanding of epigenetic mechanisms that control gene function at traits related to vectorial capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor V Sharakhov
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Maria V Sharakhova
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA ; Research Institute of Biology and Biophysics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
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Bardella VB, Gil-Santana HR, Panzera F, Vanzela ALL. Karyotype diversity among predatory Reduviidae (Heteroptera). COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2014; 8:351-67. [PMID: 25610548 PMCID: PMC4296721 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v8i4.8430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Species of infraorder Cimicomorpha of Heteroptera exhibit holokinetic chromosomes with inverted meiosis for sex chromosomes and high variation in chromosome number. The family Reduviidae, which belongs to this infraorder, is also recognized by high variability of heterochromatic bands and chromosome location of 18S rDNA loci. We studied here five species of Reduviidae (Harpactorinae) with predator habit, which are especially interesting because individuals are found solitary and dispersed in nature. These species showed striking variation in chromosome number (including sex chromosome systems), inter-chromosomal asymmetry, different number and chromosome location of 18S rDNA loci, dissimilar location and quantity of autosomal C-heterochromatin, and different types of repetitive DNA by fluorochrome banding, probably associated with occurrence of different chromosome rearrangements. Terminal chromosome location of C-heterochromatin seems to reinforce the model of equilocal dispersion of repetitive DNA families based in the "bouquet configuration".
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Bellini Bardella
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, IBILCE/UNESP, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Francisco Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - André Luís Laforga Vanzela
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, CCB, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86051-990, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Pita S, Panzera F, Sánchez A, Panzera Y, Palomeque T, Lorite P. Distribution and evolution of repeated sequences in genomes of Triatominae (Hemiptera-Reduviidae) inferred from genomic in situ hybridization. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114298. [PMID: 25478792 PMCID: PMC4257613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The subfamily Triatominae, vectors of Chagas disease, comprises 140 species characterized by a highly homogeneous chromosome number. We analyzed the chromosomal distribution and evolution of repeated sequences in Triatominae genomes by Genomic in situ Hybridization using Triatoma delpontei and Triatoma infestans genomic DNAs as probes. Hybridizations were performed on their own chromosomes and on nine species included in six genera from the two main tribes: Triatomini and Rhodniini. Genomic probes clearly generate two different hybridization patterns, dispersed or accumulated in specific regions or chromosomes. The three used probes generate the same hybridization pattern in each species. However, these patterns are species-specific. In closely related species, the probes strongly hybridized in the autosomal heterochromatic regions, resembling C-banding and DAPI patterns. However, in more distant species these co-localizations are not observed. The heterochromatic Y chromosome is constituted by highly repeated sequences, which is conserved among 10 species of Triatomini tribe suggesting be an ancestral character for this group. However, the Y chromosome in Rhodniini tribe is markedly different, supporting the early evolutionary dichotomy between both tribes. In some species, sex chromosomes and autosomes shared repeated sequences, suggesting meiotic chromatin exchanges among these heterologous chromosomes. Our GISH analyses enabled us to acquire not only reliable information about autosomal repeated sequences distribution but also an insight into sex chromosome evolution in Triatominae. Furthermore, the differentiation obtained by GISH might be a valuable marker to establish phylogenetic relationships and to test the controversial origin of the Triatominae subfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Pita
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Francisco Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- * E-mail: (PL); (FP)
| | - Antonio Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Área de Genética, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Yanina Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Teresa Palomeque
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Área de Genética, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Pedro Lorite
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Área de Genética, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
- * E-mail: (PL); (FP)
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