1
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Kell AM. Innate Immunity to Orthohantaviruses: Could Divergent Immune Interactions Explain Host-specific Disease Outcomes? J Mol Biol 2021; 434:167230. [PMID: 34487792 PMCID: PMC8894506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The genus Orthohantavirus (family Hantaviridae, order Bunyavirales) consists of numerous genetic and pathologically distinct viral species found within rodent and mammalian insectivore populations world-wide. Although reservoir hosts experience persistent asymptomatic infection, numerous rodent-borne orthohantaviruses cause severe disease when transmitted to humans, with case-fatality rates up to 40%. The first isolation of an orthohantavirus occurred in 1976 and, since then, the field has made significant progress in understanding the immune correlates of disease, viral interactions with the human innate immune response, and the immune kinetics of reservoir hosts. Much still remains elusive regarding the molecular mechanisms of orthohantavirus recognition by the innate immune response and viral antagonism within the reservoir host, however. This review provides a summary of the last 45 years of research into orthohantavirus interaction with the host innate immune response. This summary includes discussion of current knowledge involving human, non-reservoir rodent, and reservoir innate immune responses to viruses which cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus cardio-pulmonary syndrome. Review of the literature concludes with a brief proposition for the development of novel tools needed to drive forward investigations into the molecular mechanisms of innate immune activation and consequences for disease outcomes in the various hosts for orthohantaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Kell
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, 915 Camino de Salud, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States.
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2
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Hoxie I, Dennehy JJ. Rotavirus A Genome Segments Show Distinct Segregation and Codon Usage Patterns. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081460. [PMID: 34452326 PMCID: PMC8402926 DOI: 10.3390/v13081460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Reassortment of the Rotavirus A (RVA) 11-segment dsRNA genome may generate new genome constellations that allow RVA to expand its host range or evade immune responses. Reassortment may also produce phylogenetic incongruities and weakly linked evolutionary histories across the 11 segments, obscuring reassortment-specific epistasis and changes in substitution rates. To determine the co-segregation patterns of RVA segments, we generated time-scaled phylogenetic trees for each of the 11 segments of 789 complete RVA genomes isolated from mammalian hosts and compared the segments’ geodesic distances. We found that segments 4 (VP4) and 9 (VP7) occupied significantly different tree spaces from each other and from the rest of the genome. By contrast, segments 10 and 11 (NSP4 and NSP5/6) occupied nearly indistinguishable tree spaces, suggesting strong co-segregation. Host-species barriers appeared to vary by segment, with segment 9 (VP7) presenting the weakest association with host species. Bayesian Skyride plots were generated for each segment to compare relative genetic diversity among segments over time. All segments showed a dramatic decrease in diversity around 2007 coinciding with the introduction of RVA vaccines. To assess selection pressures, codon adaptation indices and relative codon deoptimization indices were calculated with respect to different host genomes. Codon usage varied by segment with segment 11 (NSP5) exhibiting significantly higher adaptation to host genomes. Furthermore, RVA codon usage patterns appeared optimized for expression in humans and birds relative to the other hosts examined, suggesting that translational efficiency is not a barrier in RVA zoonosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Hoxie
- Biology Department, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA;
- Biology Department, Queens College, The City University of New York, Flushing, New York, NY 11367, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - John J. Dennehy
- Biology Department, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA;
- Biology Department, Queens College, The City University of New York, Flushing, New York, NY 11367, USA
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3
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Phylogeography of Puumala orthohantavirus in Europe. Viruses 2019; 11:v11080679. [PMID: 31344894 PMCID: PMC6723369 DOI: 10.3390/v11080679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Puumala virus is an RNA virus hosted by the bank vole (Myodes glareolus) and is today present in most European countries. Whilst it is generally accepted that hantaviruses have been tightly co-evolving with their hosts, Puumala virus (PUUV) evolutionary history is still controversial and so far has not been studied at the whole European level. This study attempts to reconstruct the phylogeographical spread of modern PUUV throughout Europe during the last postglacial period in the light of an upgraded dataset of complete PUUV small (S) segment sequences and by using most recent computational approaches. Taking advantage of the knowledge on the past migrations of its host, we identified at least three potential independent dispersal routes of PUUV during postglacial recolonization of Europe by the bank vole. From the Alpe-Adrian region (Balkan, Austria, and Hungary) to Western European countries (Germany, France, Belgium, and Netherland), and South Scandinavia. From the vicinity of Carpathian Mountains to the Baltic countries and to Poland, Russia, and Finland. The dissemination towards Denmark and North Scandinavia is more hypothetical and probably involved several independent streams from south and north Fennoscandia.
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4
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Liphardt SW, Kang HJ, Dizney LJ, Ruedas LA, Cook JA, Yanagihara R. Complex History of Codiversification and Host Switching of a Newfound Soricid-Borne Orthohantavirus in North America. Viruses 2019; 11:v11070637. [PMID: 31373319 PMCID: PMC6669566 DOI: 10.3390/v11070637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthohantaviruses are tightly linked to the ecology and evolutionary history of their mammalian hosts. We hypothesized that in regions with dramatic climate shifts throughout the Quaternary, orthohantavirus diversity and evolution are shaped by dynamic host responses to environmental change through processes such as host isolation, host switching, and reassortment. Jemez Springs virus (JMSV), an orthohantavirus harbored by the dusky shrew (Sorex monticola) and five close relatives distributed widely in western North America, was used to test this hypothesis. Total RNAs, extracted from liver or lung tissue from 164 shrews collected from western North America during 1983–2007, were analyzed for orthohantavirus RNA by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Phylogenies inferred from the L-, M-, and S-segment sequences of 30 JMSV strains were compared with host mitochondrial cytochrome b. Viral clades largely corresponded to host clades, which were primarily structured by geography and were consistent with hypothesized post-glacial expansion. Despite an overall congruence between host and viral gene phylogenies at deeper scales, phylogenetic signals were recovered that also suggested a complex pattern of host switching and at least one reassortment event in the evolutionary history of JMSV. A fundamental understanding of how orthohantaviruses respond to periods of host population expansion, contraction, and secondary host contact is the key to establishing a framework for both more comprehensive understanding of orthohantavirus evolutionary dynamics and broader insights into host–pathogen systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Schuyler W Liphardt
- Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Hae Ji Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Laurie J Dizney
- Department of Biology, University of Portland, Portland, OR 97203, USA
| | - Luis A Ruedas
- Department of Biology and Museum of Vertebrate Biology, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207-0751, USA
| | - Joseph A Cook
- Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Richard Yanagihara
- Department of Pediatrics, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
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5
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Laenen L, Vergote V, Vanmechelen B, Tersago K, Baele G, Lemey P, Leirs H, Dellicour S, Vrancken B, Maes P. Identifying the patterns and drivers of Puumala hantavirus enzootic dynamics using reservoir sampling. Virus Evol 2019; 5:vez009. [PMID: 31024739 PMCID: PMC6476162 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vez009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hantaviruses are zoonotic hemorrhagic fever viruses for which prevention of human spillover remains the first priority in disease management. Tailored intervention measures require an understanding of the drivers of enzootic dynamics, commonly inferred from distorted human incidence data. Here, we use longitudinal sampling of approximately three decades of Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV) evolution in isolated reservoir populations to estimate PUUV evolutionary rates, and apply these to study the impact of environmental factors on viral spread. We find that PUUV accumulates genetic changes at a rate of ∼10−4 substitutions per site per year and that land cover type defines the dispersal dynamics of PUUV, with forests facilitating and croplands impeding virus spread. By providing reliable short-term PUUV evolutionary rate estimates, this work facilitates the evaluation of spatial risk heterogeneity starting from timed phylogeographic reconstructions based on virus sampling in its animal reservoir, thereby side-stepping the need for difficult-to-collect human disease incidence data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lies Laenen
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Division of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valentijn Vergote
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Division of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert Vanmechelen
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Division of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Tersago
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Belgian Institute of Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guy Baele
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Division of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe Lemey
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Division of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Herwig Leirs
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Simon Dellicour
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Division of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Spatial Epidemiology Lab (spELL), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Bram Vrancken
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Division of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Maes
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Division of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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6
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Shi M, Lin XD, Chen X, Tian JH, Chen LJ, Li K, Wang W, Eden JS, Shen JJ, Liu L, Holmes EC, Zhang YZ. The evolutionary history of vertebrate RNA viruses. Nature 2018; 556:197-202. [PMID: 29618816 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 501] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the diversity and evolution of vertebrate RNA viruses is largely limited to those found in mammalian and avian hosts and associated with overt disease. Here, using a large-scale meta-transcriptomic approach, we discover 214 vertebrate-associated viruses in reptiles, amphibians, lungfish, ray-finned fish, cartilaginous fish and jawless fish. The newly discovered viruses appear in every family or genus of RNA virus associated with vertebrate infection, including those containing human pathogens such as influenza virus, the Arenaviridae and Filoviridae families, and have branching orders that broadly reflected the phylogenetic history of their hosts. We establish a long evolutionary history for most groups of vertebrate RNA virus, and support this by evaluating evolutionary timescales using dated orthologous endogenous virus elements. We also identify new vertebrate-specific RNA viruses and genome architectures, and re-evaluate the evolution of vector-borne RNA viruses. In summary, this study reveals diverse virus-host associations across the entire evolutionary history of the vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xian-Dan Lin
- Wenzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Hua Tian
- Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang-Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - John-Sebastian Eden
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jin-Jin Shen
- Yancheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yancheng, China
| | - Li Liu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Edward C Holmes
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yong-Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China. .,Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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7
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Saxenhofer M, Weber de Melo V, Ulrich RG, Heckel G. Revised time scales of RNA virus evolution based on spatial information. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2017.0857. [PMID: 28794221 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The time scales of pathogen evolution are of major concern in the context of public and veterinary health, epidemiology and evolutionary biology. Dating the emergence of a pathogen often relies on estimates of evolutionary rates derived from nucleotide sequence data. For many viruses, this has yielded estimates of evolutionary origins only a few hundred years in the past. Here we demonstrate through the incorporation of geographical information from virus sampling that evolutionary age estimates of two European hantaviruses are severely underestimated because of pervasive mutational saturation of nucleotide sequences. We detected very strong relationships between spatial distance and genetic divergence for both Puumala and Tula hantavirus-irrespective of whether nucleotide or derived amino acid sequences were analysed. Extrapolations from these relationships dated the emergence of these viruses most conservatively to at least 3700 and 2500 years ago, respectively. Our minimum estimates for the age of these hantaviruses are ten to a hundred times older than results from current non-spatial methods, and in much better accordance with the biogeography of these viruses and their respective hosts. Spatial information can thus provide valuable insights on the deeper time scales of pathogen evolution and improve our understanding of disease emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Saxenhofer
- Computational and Molecular Population Genetics, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge-Bâtiment Génopode, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Weber de Melo
- Computational and Molecular Population Genetics, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rainer G Ulrich
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hamburg-Luebeck-Borstel-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Gerald Heckel
- Computational and Molecular Population Genetics, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland .,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge-Bâtiment Génopode, Lausanne, Switzerland
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8
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Guterres A, de Oliveira RC, Fernandes J, de Lemos ERS. Is the evolution of Hantavirus driven by its host? INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 35:142-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Weber de Melo V, Sheikh Ali H, Freise J, Kühnert D, Essbauer S, Mertens M, Wanka KM, Drewes S, Ulrich RG, Heckel G. Spatiotemporal dynamics of Puumala hantavirus associated with its rodent host, Myodes glareolus. Evol Appl 2015; 8:545-59. [PMID: 26136821 PMCID: PMC4479511 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many viruses significantly impact human and animal health. Understanding the population dynamics of these viruses and their hosts can provide important insights for epidemiology and virus evolution. Puumala virus (PUUV) is a European hantavirus that may cause regional outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in humans. Here, we analyzed the spatiotemporal dynamics of PUUV circulating in local populations of its rodent reservoir host, the bank vole (Myodes glareolus) during eight years. Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses of all three genome segments of PUUV showed strong geographical structuring at a very local scale. There was a high temporal turnover of virus strains in the local bank vole populations, but several virus strains persisted through multiple years. Phylodynamic analyses showed no significant changes in the local effective population sizes of PUUV, although vole numbers and virus prevalence fluctuated widely. Microsatellite data demonstrated also a temporally persisting subdivision between local vole populations, but these groups did not correspond to the subdivision in the virus strains. We conclude that restricted transmission between vole populations and genetic drift play important roles in shaping the genetic structure and temporal dynamics of PUUV in its natural host which has several implications for zoonotic risks of the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Weber de Melo
- Computational and Molecular Population Genetics (CMPG), Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of BernBern, Switzerland
| | - Hanan Sheikh Ali
- Institute for Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal HealthGreifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sudan University of Science and TechnologyKhartoum, Sudan
| | - Jona Freise
- Fachbereich Schädlingsbekämpfung, Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Verbraucherschutz und LebensmittelsicherheitWardenburg, Germany
| | - Denise Kühnert
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule ZürichZürich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Essbauer
- Department of Virology & Rickettsiology, Bundeswehr Institute of MicrobiologyMunich, Germany
| | - Marc Mertens
- Institute for Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal HealthGreifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Konrad M Wanka
- Institute for Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal HealthGreifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Stephan Drewes
- Institute for Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal HealthGreifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Rainer G Ulrich
- Institute for Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal HealthGreifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Gerald Heckel
- Computational and Molecular Population Genetics (CMPG), Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of BernBern, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of BioinformaticsLausanne, Switzerland
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10
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Holmes EC, Zhang YZ. The evolution and emergence of hantaviruses. Curr Opin Virol 2015; 10:27-33. [PMID: 25562117 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hantaviruses are a major class of zoonotic pathogens and cause a variety of severe diseases in humans. For most of the last 50 years rodents have been considered to be the primary hosts of hantaviruses, with hantavirus evolution thought to reflect a process of virus-rodent co-divergence over a time-scale of millions of years, with occasional spill-over into humans. However, recent discoveries have revealed that hantaviruses infect a more diverse range of mammalian hosts, particularly Chiroptera (bats) and Soricomorpha (moles and shrews), and that cross-species transmission at multiple scales has played an important role in hantavirus evolution. As a consequence, the evolution and emergence of hantaviruses is more complex than previously anticipated, and may serve as a realistic model for other viral groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward C Holmes
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China.
| | - Yong-Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
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11
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Wang CQ, Gao JH, Li M, Guo WP, Lu MQ, Wang W, Hu MX, Li MH, Yang J, Liang HJ, Tian XF, Holmes EC, Zhang YZ. Co-circulation of Hantaan, Kenkeme, and Khabarovsk Hantaviruses in Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island, China. Virus Res 2014; 191:51-8. [PMID: 25087879 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) was first recognized in far eastern Asia in the 1930s, and has been highly prevalent in this region ever since. To reveal the molecular epidemiology of hantaviruses in this region, a total of 374 small mammals (eight species of rodents and one species of shrew) were captured in the Chinese part of the Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island (Heilongjiang Province). Hantavirus sequences were recovered from three striped field mice (Apodemus agrarius), 11 Maximowicz's voles (Microtus maximowiczii), and one flat-skulled shrew (Sorex roboratus). Genetic and phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of three viruses: Hantaan virus (HTNV), Khabarovsk virus (KHAV), and Kenkeme virus (KKMV). HTNV sequences recovered from A. agrarius were closely related to those identified in Apodemus mice from the surrounding areas, while a new lineage of KHAV was present in M. maximowiczii. Additionally, while the viral sequences recovered from one flat-skulled shrew were most closely related to KKMV, their divergence to the prototype strain suggests that they represent a new viral subtype. Overall, these results suggest that Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island harbors considerable hantavirus diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Qiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping Liuzi 5, 102206 Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei United University, Tangshan 063000, PR China
| | - Jian-Hua Gao
- Heilong Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ming Li
- Heilong Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wen-Ping Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping Liuzi 5, 102206 Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ming-Qing Lu
- Heilong Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping Liuzi 5, 102206 Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Man-Xia Hu
- Heilong Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ming-Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping Liuzi 5, 102206 Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Heilong Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hui-Jie Liang
- Heilong Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xi-Feng Tian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei United University, Tangshan 063000, PR China
| | - Edward C Holmes
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping Liuzi 5, 102206 Beijing, China; Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yong-Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping Liuzi 5, 102206 Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Lin XD, Zhou RH, Fan FN, Ying XH, Sun XY, Wang W, Holmes EC, Zhang YZ. Biodiversity and evolution of Imjin virus and Thottapalayam virus in Crocidurinae shrews in Zhejiang Province, China. Virus Res 2014; 189:114-20. [PMID: 24874196 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The recent discovery of numerous hantaviruses in insectivores has provided a new view of hantavirus biodiversity and evolution. To determine the presence and genetic diversity of Imjin virus (MJNV) and Thottapalayam virus (TPMV) in insectivores in Zhejiang Province, China, we captured and performed virus screening of 32 Ussuri white-toothed shrews (Crocidura lasiura) and 105 Asian house shrews (Suncus murinus) in different coastal regions. Hantavirus genome (S, M, and L segments) sequences were successfully recovered from one Ussuri white-toothed shrew and seven Asian house shrews. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the virus carried by the Ussuri white-toothed shrew was most closely related to MJNV, but with >15% nucleotide sequence difference, suggesting that it represents a new subtype. The hantaviruses carried by Asian house shrews were closely related to the TPMV variants found in the same geographic area, but more distantly related to those sampled in India and Nepal. Additionally, the TPMV sequences obtained in this study, as well as those found previously in this area, could be divided into three lineages reflecting their geographic origins, indicative of largely allopatric evolution. Overall, our data highlights the high genetic diversity of insectivore-borne hantaviruses in China, suggesting that more may be discovered in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Dan Lin
- Wenzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenzhou 325001, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Run-Hong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping Liuzi 5, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Fei-Neng Fan
- Cixi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Cixi, 315300, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xu-Hua Ying
- Yuhuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yuhuan, 317600, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Sun
- Wenzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenzhou 325001, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping Liuzi 5, 102206, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Edward C Holmes
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping Liuzi 5, 102206, Beijing, China; Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yong-Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping Liuzi 5, 102206, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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