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Cha SH, Hyun BH, Lee HS, Kang SJ, You SH, Jeong J, Park CJ, Lee MS, Park C. A novel chimeric vaccine candidate for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) I and II elicits neutralizing antibodies against both types. J Gen Virol 2023; 104. [PMID: 37650730 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an economically important virus within the swine industry. The virus causes respiratory disease and reproductive failure. Two species of PRRSV-I and II are co-dominant, yet no effective vaccination strategy has been developed to protect against these two types. With an aim to develop a chimeric vaccine strain to protect against both types, in this study, a chimeric porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) type I and II was rescued using reverse genetics for the first time. Four chimeric infectious clones were designed based on the genomic arrangement of the structural proteins. However, only the clone carrying the transcriptional regulatory sequence (TRS) and ORF6 of a PRRSV-I and ORF6 of a PRRSV-II generated a viable recombinant virus, suggesting that concurrent expression of ORF6 from both parental viruses is essential for the recovery of type I and II chimeric PRRSV. The chimeric virus showed significantly lower replication ability than its parental strains in vitro, which was improved by serial passaging. In vivo, groups of pigs were inoculated with either the chimeric virus, one of the parental strains, or PBS. The chimeric virus replicated in pig tissue and was detected in serum 7 days post-inoculation. Serum neutralization tests indicated that pigs inoculated with the chimeric virus elicited neutralizing antibodies that inhibited infection with strains of both species and with greater coverage than the parental viruses. In conclusion, the application of this technique to construct a chimeric PRRSV holds promise for the development of a highly effective modified live vaccine candidate. This is particularly significant since there are currently no approved commercial divalent vaccines available to combat PRRSV-I and II co-infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ho Cha
- PRRS Research Laboratory, Viral Diseases Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Bang-Hun Hyun
- PRRS Research Laboratory, Viral Diseases Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang-Sim Lee
- PRRS Research Laboratory, Viral Diseases Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Jin Kang
- PRRS Research Laboratory, Viral Diseases Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hwa You
- PRRS Research Laboratory, Viral Diseases Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoon Jeong
- Division of Animal Care, Yonam College, 313, Yeonam-ro, Seonghwan-eup, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Joo Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Yongdu-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Shin Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Yongdu-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhoon Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Yongdu-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Lee MA, Jayaramaiah U, You SH, Shin EG, Song SM, Ju L, Kang SJ, Hyun BH, Lee HS. Molecular Characterization of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Korea from 2018 to 2022. Pathogens 2023; 12:757. [PMID: 37375447 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is an endemic disease in the Republic of Korea. Surveillance of PRRS virus (PRRSV) types is critical to tailor control measures. This study collected 5062 serum and tissue samples between 2018 and 2022. Open reading frame 5 (ORF5) sequences suggest that subgroup A (42%) was predominant, followed by lineage 1 (21%), lineage 5 (14%), lineage Korea C (LKC) (9%), lineage Korea B (LKB) (6%), and subtype 1C (5%). Highly virulent lineages 1 (NADC30/34/MN184) and 8 were also detected. These viruses typically mutate or recombine with other viruses. ORF5 and non-structural protein 2 (NSP2) deletion patterns were less variable in the PRRSV-1. Several strains belonging to PRRSV-2 showed differences in NSP2 deletion and ORF5 sequences. Similar vaccine-like isolates to the PRRSV-1 subtype 1C and PRRSV-2 lineage 5 were also found. The virus is evolving independently in the field and has eluded vaccine protection. The current vaccine that is used in Korea offers only modest or limited heterologous protection. Ongoing surveillance to identify the current virus strain in circulation is necessary to design a vaccine. A systemic immunization program with region-specific vaccinations and stringent biosecurity measures is required to reduce PRRSV infections in the Republic of Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-A Lee
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Usharani Jayaramaiah
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hwa You
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Gyeong Shin
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Min Song
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Lanjeong Ju
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Jin Kang
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Bang-Hun Hyun
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang-Sim Lee
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
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Recombination between the Fostera MLV-like Strain and the Strain Belonging to Lineage 1 of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Korea. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061153. [PMID: 35746625 PMCID: PMC9229315 DOI: 10.3390/v14061153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most important pathogens in the swine industry worldwide. In Korea, Fostera PRRS commercial modified live virus (MLV) vaccines have been used since 2014 to control the PRRSV infection. In this study, two PRRSV-2 strains (20D160-1 and 21R2-63-1) were successfully isolated, and their complete genomic sequences were determined. Genetic analysis showed that the two isolates have recombination events between the P129-like strain derived from the Fostera PRRS MLV vaccine and the strain of lineage 1. The 20D160-1 indicated that partial ORF2 to partial ORF4 of the minor parental KNU-1902-like strain, which belongs to Korean lineage C (Kor C) of lineage 1, was inserted into the major parental P129-like strain. The 21R2-63-1 revealed that partial ORF1b of the P129-like strain was inserted into the backbone of the NADC30-like strain. This study is the first to report natural recombinant strains between Fostera PRRS MLV-like strain and the field strain in Korea. These results may have significant implications for MLV evolution and the understanding of PRRSV genetic diversity, while highlighting the need for continuous surveillance of PRRSV.
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Papakonstantinou G, Meletis E, Christodoulopoulos G, Tzika ED, Kostoulas P, Papatsiros VG. Heterologous Challenge with PRRSV-1 MLV in Pregnant Vaccinated Gilts: Potential Risk on Health and Immunity of Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12040450. [PMID: 35203159 PMCID: PMC8868225 DOI: 10.3390/ani12040450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Modified live virus (MLV) vaccines are considered as the key component to control the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV). The majority of pig farms apply the ‘mass’ vaccination strategy in breeding female animals. However, this PRRS MLV vaccination protocol involves the risk of inoculation of sows in the last stage of gestation, resulting in possible infection of the fetus as the virus can efficiently cross the placenta during the last period of pregnancy. Thus, we evaluated the ability of the vaccine virus to act as a pathogenic strain, to be transmitted to fetuses and to affect the health status of neonatal piglets. The results indicated that the study gilts transmitted the vaccine virus to their offspring, as well as that the PRRSV-infected piglets showed a poor clinical performance. Consequently, the pig farms that apply PRRS MLV vaccination in a routine blanket vaccination strategy must avoid inoculating pregnant gilts the last week before their parturition. Abstract The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential risks of the four commercial PRRS-1 MLV vaccines in pregnant vaccinated gilts at the last stage of gestation under field conditions. The study was conducted at four pig farms, including 25 gilts from each farm (25 × 4 = 100 gilts), which were equally allocated to five different study groups. A PRRS-1 MLV vaccination was applied on the 100th day of their pregnancy with the different commercial vaccines that are available in the Greek market. The results indicated virus congenital infection and viremia in piglets (20/200 = 10% PRRSV infected piglets), and detection of PRRSV-specific antibodies (181/200 = 90.5% piglets found with PRRSV antibodies). The subsequent phylogenetic analyses revealed high percentages of similarity between the PRRSV-1 strain detected in infected litters and the PRRSV-1 vaccine strain to which the study gilts had been previously exposed to. Health status analyses of trial piglets resulted in differences between litters from vaccinated sows and litters from non-vaccinated sows at 110th day of gestation as regards the number of weak-born piglets, mummies, and piglets with splay-leg and/or respiratory symptoms. The current study’s results indicate several potential dangers of the PRRS MLV vaccination in late gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Papakonstantinou
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (G.C.); (V.G.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Eleftherios Meletis
- Laboratory of Epidemiology & Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Public Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (E.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Georgios Christodoulopoulos
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (G.C.); (V.G.P.)
| | - Eleni D. Tzika
- Farm Animals Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Polychronis Kostoulas
- Laboratory of Epidemiology & Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Public Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (E.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Vasileios G. Papatsiros
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (G.C.); (V.G.P.)
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Jeong CG, Khatun A, Nazki S, Kim SC, Noh YH, Kang SC, Lee DU, Yang MS, Shabir N, Yoon IJ, Kim B, Kim WI. Evaluation of the Cross-Protective Efficacy of a Chimeric PRRSV Vaccine against Two Genetically Diverse PRRSV2 Field Strains in a Reproductive Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9111258. [PMID: 34835189 PMCID: PMC8617800 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the routine use of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS)-modified live vaccines, serious concerns are currently being raised due to their quick reversion to virulence and limited cross-protection against divergent PRRS virus (PRRSV) strains circulating in the field. Therefore, a PRRS chimeric vaccine (JB1) was produced using a DNA-launched infectious clone by replacing open reading frames (ORFs) 3–6 with those from a mixture of two genetically different PRRSV2 strains (K07–2273 and K08–1054) and ORF1a with that from a mutation-resistant PRRSV strain (RVRp22) exhibiting an attenuated phenotype. To evaluate the safety and cross-protective efficacy of JB1 in a reproductive model, eight PRRS-negative pregnant sows were purchased and divided into four groups. Four sows in two of the groups were vaccinated with JB1, and the other 4 sows were untreated at gestational day 60. At gestational day 93, one vaccinated group and one nonvaccinated group each were challenged with either K07–2273 or K08–1054. All of the sows aborted or delivered until gestation day 115 (24 days post challenge), and the newborn piglets were observed up to the 28th day after birth, which was the end of the experiment. Overall, pregnant sows of the JB1-vaccinated groups showed no meaningful viremia after vaccination and significant reductions in viremia with K07–2273 and K08–1054, exhibiting significantly higher levels of serum virus-neutralizing antibodies than non-vaccinated sows. Moreover, the JB1-vaccinated groups did not exhibit any abortion due to vaccination and showed improved piglet viability and birth weight. The piglets from JB1-vaccinated sows displayed lower viral concentrations in serum and fewer lung lesions compared with those of the piglets from the nonvaccinated sows. Therefore, JB1 is a safe and effective vaccine candidate that confers simultaneous protection against two genetically different PRRSV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Gi Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea; (C.-G.J.); (A.K.); (S.N.); (S.-C.K.); (M.-S.Y.); (N.S.); (B.K.)
| | - Amina Khatun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea; (C.-G.J.); (A.K.); (S.N.); (S.-C.K.); (M.-S.Y.); (N.S.); (B.K.)
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Salik Nazki
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea; (C.-G.J.); (A.K.); (S.N.); (S.-C.K.); (M.-S.Y.); (N.S.); (B.K.)
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Seung-Chai Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea; (C.-G.J.); (A.K.); (S.N.); (S.-C.K.); (M.-S.Y.); (N.S.); (B.K.)
| | - Yun-Hee Noh
- ChoongAng Vaccine Laboratory, Daejeon 34055, Korea; (Y.-H.N.); (D.-U.L.); (I.-J.Y.)
| | - Sang-Chul Kang
- Animal Clinical Evaluation Center, Optipharm Inc., Cheongju-si 28158, Korea;
| | - Dong-Uk Lee
- ChoongAng Vaccine Laboratory, Daejeon 34055, Korea; (Y.-H.N.); (D.-U.L.); (I.-J.Y.)
| | - Myeon-Sik Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea; (C.-G.J.); (A.K.); (S.N.); (S.-C.K.); (M.-S.Y.); (N.S.); (B.K.)
| | - Nadeem Shabir
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea; (C.-G.J.); (A.K.); (S.N.); (S.-C.K.); (M.-S.Y.); (N.S.); (B.K.)
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - In-Joong Yoon
- ChoongAng Vaccine Laboratory, Daejeon 34055, Korea; (Y.-H.N.); (D.-U.L.); (I.-J.Y.)
| | - Bumseok Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea; (C.-G.J.); (A.K.); (S.N.); (S.-C.K.); (M.-S.Y.); (N.S.); (B.K.)
| | - Won-Il Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea; (C.-G.J.); (A.K.); (S.N.); (S.-C.K.); (M.-S.Y.); (N.S.); (B.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-270-3981
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Paploski IAD, Pamornchainavakul N, Makau DN, Rovira A, Corzo CA, Schroeder DC, Cheeran MCJ, Doeschl-Wilson A, Kao RR, Lycett S, VanderWaal K. Phylogenetic Structure and Sequential Dominance of Sub-Lineages of PRRSV Type-2 Lineage 1 in the United States. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:608. [PMID: 34198904 PMCID: PMC8229766 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic diversity and frequent emergence of novel genetic variants of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus type-2 (PRRSV) hinders control efforts, yet drivers of macro-evolutionary patterns of PRRSV remain poorly documented. Utilizing a comprehensive database of >20,000 orf5 sequences, our objective was to classify variants according to the phylogenetic structure of PRRSV co-circulating in the U.S., quantify evolutionary dynamics of sub-lineage emergence, and describe potential antigenic differences among sub-lineages. We subdivided the most prevalent lineage (Lineage 1, accounting for approximately 60% of available sequences) into eight sub-lineages. Bayesian coalescent SkyGrid models were used to estimate each sub-lineage's effective population size over time. We show that a new sub-lineage emerged every 1 to 4 years and that the time between emergence and peak population size was 4.5 years on average (range: 2-8 years). A pattern of sequential dominance of different sub-lineages was identified, with a new dominant sub-lineage replacing its predecessor approximately every 3 years. Consensus amino acid sequences for each sub-lineage differed in key GP5 sites related to host immunity, suggesting that sub-lineage turnover may be linked to immune-mediated competition. This has important implications for understanding drivers of genetic diversity and emergence of new PRRSV variants in the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A. D. Paploski
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (I.A.D.P.); (N.P.); (D.N.M.); (A.R.); (C.A.C.); (D.C.S.); (M.C.-J.C.)
| | - Nakarin Pamornchainavakul
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (I.A.D.P.); (N.P.); (D.N.M.); (A.R.); (C.A.C.); (D.C.S.); (M.C.-J.C.)
| | - Dennis N. Makau
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (I.A.D.P.); (N.P.); (D.N.M.); (A.R.); (C.A.C.); (D.C.S.); (M.C.-J.C.)
| | - Albert Rovira
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (I.A.D.P.); (N.P.); (D.N.M.); (A.R.); (C.A.C.); (D.C.S.); (M.C.-J.C.)
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Cesar A. Corzo
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (I.A.D.P.); (N.P.); (D.N.M.); (A.R.); (C.A.C.); (D.C.S.); (M.C.-J.C.)
| | - Declan C. Schroeder
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (I.A.D.P.); (N.P.); (D.N.M.); (A.R.); (C.A.C.); (D.C.S.); (M.C.-J.C.)
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AS, UK
| | - Maxim C-J. Cheeran
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (I.A.D.P.); (N.P.); (D.N.M.); (A.R.); (C.A.C.); (D.C.S.); (M.C.-J.C.)
| | - Andrea Doeschl-Wilson
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK; (A.D.-W.); (R.R.K.); (S.L.)
| | - Rowland R. Kao
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK; (A.D.-W.); (R.R.K.); (S.L.)
| | - Samantha Lycett
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK; (A.D.-W.); (R.R.K.); (S.L.)
| | - Kimberly VanderWaal
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (I.A.D.P.); (N.P.); (D.N.M.); (A.R.); (C.A.C.); (D.C.S.); (M.C.-J.C.)
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Yu JE, Ouh IO, Kang H, Lee HY, Cheong KM, Cho IS, Cha SH. An enhanced immunochromatographic strip test using colloidal gold nanoparticle-labeled dual-type N proteins for detection of antibodies to PRRS virus. J Vet Sci 2018; 19:519-527. [PMID: 29510472 PMCID: PMC6070587 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2018.19.4.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is recognized as one of the most important infectious diseases causing serious economic loss in the swine industry worldwide. Due to its increasing genetic diversity, a rapid and accurate diagnosis is critical for PRRS control. The immunochromatographic strip test (ICST) is a rapid and convenient type of immunoassay. In this study, an on-site immunochromatographic assay-based diagnostic method was developed for detection of PRRS virus (PRRSV)-specific antibodies. The method utilized colloidal gold nanoparticle-labeled dual-type nucleocapsid proteins encoded by open reading frame 7. We evaluated 991 field samples from pig farms and 66 serum samples from experimentally PRRSV-inoculated pigs. Based on true PRRSV-specific antibody-positive or -negative sera determined by immunofluorescence assay and IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the specificity and sensitivity of the ICST were 97.5% and 91.1%, respectively, similar to those of a commercial ELISA (IDEXX PRRS X3 Ab). More importantly, the ICST was completed within 15 min and could detect the PRRSV-specific antibody at an earlier stage of infection (3-7 days) than that of ELISA (7+ days). The results demonstrate that the developed ICST has great potential as an on-farm diagnostic method, providing excellent diagnostic performance in a quick and convenient manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Yu
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - In-Ohk Ouh
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Hyeonjeong Kang
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Hye-Young Lee
- Research Institution, MEDIAN Diagnostics, Chuncheon 24399, Korea
| | | | - In-Soo Cho
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Cha
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
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Kang H, Yu JE, Shin JE, Kang A, Kim WI, Lee C, Lee J, Cho IS, Choe SE, Cha SH. Geographic distribution and molecular analysis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses circulating in swine farms in the Republic of Korea between 2013 and 2016. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:160. [PMID: 29769138 PMCID: PMC5956928 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1480-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes devastating disease characterized by reproductive failure and respiratory problems in the swine industry. To understand the recent prevalence and genetic diversity of field PRRSVs in the Republic of Korea, open reading frames (ORFs) 5 and 7 of PRRSV field isolates from 631 PRRS-affected swine farms nationwide in 2013-2016 were analyzed along with 200 Korean field viruses isolated in 2003-2010, and 113 foreign field and vaccine strains. RESULTS Korean swine farms were widely infected with PRRSVs of a single type (38.4 and 37.4% for Type 1 and Type 2 PRRSV, respectively) or both types (24.2%) with up to approximately 83% nucleotide sequence similarity to prototype PRRSVs (Lelystad or VR2332). Phylogenetic analysis based on the ORF5 nucleotide sequence revealed that Korean Type 1 field isolates were classified as subgroups A, B, and C under subtype 1, while Korean Type 2 field isolates were classified as lineages 1 and 5 as well as three Korean lineages (kor A, B, and C) with the highest infection prevalence in subgroup A (50.5%) and lineage 5 (15.3%) for Type 1 and Type 2 PRRSV, respectively, among ORF5-positive farms. In particular, the lineages kor B and C were identified as novel lineages in this study, and lineage kor B comprised only the field viruses isolated from Gyeongnam Province in 2014-2015, establishing regionally unique genetic characteristics. It has also recently been confirmed that commercialized vaccine-like viruses (subgroup C) of Type 1 PRRSV and NADC30-like viruses of Type 2 PRRSV (lineage 1) are spreading rapidly in Korean swine farms. The Korean field viruses were also expected to be antigenically variable as shown in the high diversity of neutralizing epitopes and N-glycosylation sites. CONCLUSIONS This up-to-date information regarding recent field PRRSVs should be taken into consideration when creating strategies for the application of PRRS control measures, including vaccination in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonjeong Kang
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea.,Animal Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Yu
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Shin
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Areum Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Il Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhee Lee
- Animal Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jienny Lee
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Soo Cho
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Eun Choe
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Cha
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea. .,Present address: PRRS research Laboratory, Viral Diseases Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea.
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Lee JA, Lee NH, Lee JB, Park SY, Song CS, Choi IS, Lee SW. Augmented immune responses in pigs immunized with an inactivated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus containing the deglycosylated glycoprotein 5 under field conditions. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2016; 5:70-4. [PMID: 26866026 PMCID: PMC4742602 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2016.5.1.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) leads to major economic losses in the swine industry. Vaccination is the most effective method to control the disease by PRRSV. Materials and Methods In this study, the efficacy of a glycoprotein (GP) 5-modified inactivated vaccine was investigated in pigs. The study was performed in three farms: farm A, which was porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS)-negative, farm B (PRRS-active), which showed clinical signs of PRRS but had not used vaccines, and farm C (PRRS-stable), which had a history of endemic PRRS over the past years, but showed no more clinical signs after periodic administration of modified live virus vaccine. Results The inactivated vaccine induced great enhancement in serum neutralizing antibody titer, which was sufficient to protect pigs from further infections of PRRSV in a farm where pre-existing virus was circulating. Conclusion These results indicated that vaccination with the inactivated vaccine composed of viruses possessing deglycosylated GP5 would provide enhanced protection to pigs from farms suffering from endemic PRRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ah Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.; Division of Vaccine Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Nak-Hyung Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joong-Bok Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Yong Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Seon Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Soo Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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