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Filée J, Merle M, Bastide H, Mougel F, Bérenger JM, Folly-Ramos E, Almeida CE, Harry M. Phylogenomics for Chagas Disease Vectors of the Rhodnius Genus (Hemiptera, Triatominae): What We Learn From Mito-Nuclear Conflicts and Recommendations. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.750317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We provide in this study a very large DNA dataset on Rhodnius species including 36 samples representing 16 valid species of the three Rhodnius groups, pictipes, prolixus and pallescens. Samples were sequenced at low-depth with whole-genome shotgun sequencing (Illumina technology). Using phylogenomics including 15 mitochondrial genes (13.3 kb), partial nuclear rDNA (5.2 kb) and 51 nuclear protein-coding genes (36.3 kb), we resolve sticking points in the Rhodnius phylogeny. At the species level, we confirmed the species-specific status of R. montenegrensis and R. marabaensis and we agree with the synonymy of R. taquarussuensis with R. neglectus. We also invite to revisit the species-specific status of R. milesi that is more likely R. nasutus. We proposed to define a robustus species complex that comprises the four close relative species: R. marabaensis, R. montenegrensis, R. prolixus and R. robustus. As Psammolestes tertius was included in the Rhodnius clade, we strongly recommend reclassifying this species as R. tertius. At the Rhodnius group level, molecular data consistently supports the clustering of the pictipes and pallescens groups, more related to each other than they are to the prolixus group. Moreover, comparing mitochondrial and nuclear tree topologies, our results demonstrated that various introgression events occurred in all the three Rhodnius groups, in laboratory strains but also in wild specimens. We demonstrated that introgressions occurred frequently in the prolixus group, involving the related species of the robustus complex but also the pairwise R. nasutus and R. neglectus. A genome wide analysis highlighted an introgression event in the pictipes group between R. stali and R. brethesi and suggested a complex gene flow between the three species of the pallescens group, R. colombiensis, R. pallescens and R. ecuadoriensis. The molecular data supports also a sylvatic distribution of R. prolixus in Brazil (Pará state) and the monophyly of R. robustus. As we detected extensive introgression events and selective pressure on mitochondrial genes, we strongly recommend performing separate mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies and to take advantages of mito-nuclear conflicts in order to have a comprehensive evolutionary vision of this genus.
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Abreu APD, Teston APM, Massago M, Lucas da Silva HF, Ferreira ÉC, Fernandes NDS, Araújo SMD, Dale C, Galvão C, Toledo MJDO. Experimental infection of Rhodnius robustus Larrousse, 1927 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) with Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas, 1909) (Kinetoplastida, Trypanosomatidae) IV. Exp Parasitol 2021; 232:108197. [PMID: 34863706 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2021.108197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Vector competence of triatomines (kissing bugs) for Trypanosoma cruzi transmission depends on the parasite-vector interaction and the genetic constitution of both. This study evaluates the susceptibility and vector competence of Rhodnius robustus experimentally infected with T. cruzi IV (TcIV). Nymphs were fed on infected mice or an artificial feeder with blood containing culture-derived metacyclic trypomastigotes (CMT) or blood trypomastigotes (BT). The intestinal contents (IC) and excreta of the insects were examined by fresh examination and kDNA-PCR. The rate of metacyclogenesis was also determined by differential counts. Fifth instar nymphs fed with CMT ingested a greater blood volume (mean of 74.5 μL) and a greater amount of parasites (mean of 149,000 CMT/μL), and had higher positivity in the fresh examination of the IC. Third instar nymphs fed with CMT had higher positivity (33.3%) in the fresh examination of the excreta. On the 20th day after infection (dai), infective metacyclic trypomastigote (MT) forms were predominant in the excreta of 3/4 experimental groups, and on the 30th dai, the different parasitic forms were observed in the IC of all the groups. Higher percentages of MT were observed in the excreta of the 5th instar nymphs group (84.1%) and in the IC of the 3rd instar nymphs group (80.0%). Rhodnius robustus presented high susceptibility to infection since all nymphs were infected, regardless of the method used for blood meal, in addition these insects demonstrated vector competence for TcIV with high rates of metacyclogenesis being evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula de Abreu
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), 87 020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Margioto Teston
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), 87 020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil; Departamento de Farmácia, Centro Universitário Uningá, Rodovia PR317, 87035-510, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
| | - Miyoko Massago
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, UEM, 87 020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
| | - Hevillyn Fernanda Lucas da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), 87 020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
| | - Érika Cristina Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), 87 020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
| | - Nilma de Souza Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, UEM, 87 020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
| | - Silvana Marques de Araújo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), 87 020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, CCS, UEM, 87 020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
| | - Carolina Dale
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade Entomológica / Coleção Entomológica, Pavilhão Mourisco, Manguinhos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Cleber Galvão
- Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Max Jean de Ornelas Toledo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), 87 020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, UEM, 87 020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, CCS, UEM, 87 020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
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Silva MBA, Borba RFB, Ferreira GMDOG, Medeiros CDA, Rocha DDS. External quality assessment of entomological identification of triatomines carried out in the Pernambuco Public Health Laboratory network, Brazil, 2017. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 30:e2020877. [PMID: 34133645 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-49742021000200022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the quality of triatomine identification in the laboratory network of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. METHODS The participating laboratories received support material with dichotomous keys and a panel made up of seven triatomine insects known in the Pernambuco, in order to identify specimen status on receipt (intact or damaged structure), as well as species and sex. RESULTS Nine out of 12 laboratories took part of the study. The proportion of correct answers was 56/63 for sex identification, and 45/63, for species. The answers did not present a direct relationship with occurrence of damage to morphological structures during insect transportation. Panstrongylus megistus identification was correct for all specimens (9/9 laboratories), while correct identification of species of the Rhodnius genus was the lowest (3/9 laboratories). CONCLUSION Despite the good performance in entomological identification, the weaknesses observed may guide improvements in the laboratory network and will be essential for Chagas disease vector control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dayse da Silva Rocha
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Zhao Y, Galvão C, Cai W. Rhodnius micki, a new species of Triatominae (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) from Bolivia. Zookeys 2021; 1012:71-93. [PMID: 33584109 PMCID: PMC7854562 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1012.54779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodnius Stål, 1859 is the second largest genus of Triatominae after Triatoma Laporte, 1832, and includes several important Chagas vectors. Genitalia in Reduviidae are frequently used for species identification, but the current use of terminology for it is inconsistent in Triatominae. Here, Rhodniusmickisp. nov., is described from Bolivia and considered as belonging to the pictipes group based on its morphological characters and distribution. Detailed documentation of the genitalia of Rhodniusmickisp. nov. is provided with emphasis on its everted phallus, especially the endosomal sclerites, which are potentially useful as species-level diagnostic features in Rhodnius. To further verify the validity of this species, the head shapes and wing venation patterns of five species in Rhodnius are compared with morphometric analysis. After reviewing taxonomic and comparative morphology papers of assassin bugs, a vocabulary with a terminology of morphological characters, especially of external male genitalic characters, is assembled with the preferred terms and the synonyms listed. Establishing a consistent terminological framework will greatly facilitate future research on the homology of these structures across Triatominae and will ultimately contribute to our understanding of the evolution of these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisheng Zhao
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Cleber Galvão
- Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, LNIRTT/IOC/FIOCRUZ, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, 5° andar, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, RJ, Brazil Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Wanzhi Cai
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China China Agricultural University Beijing China
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