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Elbestawy AR, El-Hamid HSA, Ellakany HF, Gado AR, El-Rayes SH, Salaheldin AH. Genetic Sequence and Pathogenicity of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Chickens in Egypt During 2017-2021. Avian Dis 2024; 68:99-111. [PMID: 38885051 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-23-00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The continued circulation of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) in Egypt, despite the use of various vaccines, is a serious problem that requires continuous detection of IBDV. In the current study, real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction testing of 100 diseased chicken flocks during 2017-2021 revealed the presence of very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) in 67% of the flocks, non-vvIBDV in 11%, and a mixture of both vvIBDV and non-vvIBDV in 4%. Twenty-nine IBDV isolates were submitted for partial sequencing of the viral protein 2 hypervariable region (VP2-HVR), and 27 isolates were confirmed to be genogroup A3 (vvIBDV) with 96.3%-98.5% similarity to the global A3 (vvIBDV) and 88.9%-97% similarity to genogroup A1 vaccine strains. The remaining two isolates were non-vvIBDV and showed 91.1% and 100% identity with classical genogroup A1 strains, respectively. Furthermore, the sequence and phylogenetic analysis of VP1 (amino acids 33-254) of two selected isolates of A3, 5/2017 and 98/2021, clustered them as B2, vvIBDV-like, strains with high similarity (99.5%) to four Egyptian, 99% to Chinese and European, and 97.7% to Chinese and Polish vvIBDV isolates. Experimental infection of commercial broiler chickens with two vvIBDV-A3B2 isolates (5/2017 and 98/2021) showed no mortality despite typical tissue lesions, clear histopathological changes, and strong ELISA antibody response. Isolate 98/2021 was more pathogenic, as confirmed by histopathology, whereas isolate 5/2017 induced a stronger serological response. In conclusion, vvIBDV (A3B2) strains with two amino acid (aa) substitutions in VP1 as V141I and V234I as well as VP2 as Y220F and G254S are still circulating in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed R Elbestawy
- Department of Bird and Rabbit Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebeen Elkom 32511, Egypt,
| | - Hatem S Abd El-Hamid
- Department of Bird and Rabbit Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Hany F Ellakany
- Department of Bird and Rabbit Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R Gado
- Department of Bird and Rabbit Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Shady H El-Rayes
- Department of Bird and Rabbit Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Salaheldin
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21944, Egypt
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2
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Legnardi M, Poletto F, Talaat S, Selim K, Moawad MK, Franzo G, Tucciarone CM, Cecchinato M, Sultan H. First Detection and Molecular Characterization of Novel Variant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (Genotype A2dB1b) in Egypt. Viruses 2023; 15:2388. [PMID: 38140629 PMCID: PMC10747051 DOI: 10.3390/v15122388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an immunosuppressive disease causing significant damage to the poultry industry worldwide. Its etiological agent is infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), a highly resistant RNA virus whose genetic variability considerably affects disease manifestation, diagnosis and control, primarily pursued by vaccination. In Egypt, very virulent strains (genotype A3B2), responsible for typical IBD signs and lesions and high mortality, have historically prevailed. The present molecular survey, however, suggests that a major epidemiological shift might be occurring in the country. Out of twenty-four samples collected in twelve governorates in 2022-2023, seven tested positive for IBDV. Two of them were A3B2 strains related to other very virulent Egyptian isolates, whereas the remaining five were novel variant IBDVs (A2dB1b), reported for the first time outside of Eastern and Southern Asia. This emerging genotype spawned a large-scale epidemic in China during the 2010s, characterized by subclinical IBD with severe bursal atrophy and immunosuppression. Its spread to Egypt is even more alarming considering that, contrary to circulating IBDVs, the protection conferred by available commercial vaccines appears suboptimal. These findings are therefore crucial for guiding monitoring and control efforts and helping to track the spread of novel variant IBDVs, possibly limiting their impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Legnardi
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (F.P.); (G.F.); (C.M.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Francesca Poletto
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (F.P.); (G.F.); (C.M.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Shaimaa Talaat
- Department of Birds and Rabbits Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Menoufia 32958, Egypt;
| | - Karim Selim
- Reference Laboratory for Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt; (K.S.); (M.K.M.)
| | - Mahmoud K. Moawad
- Reference Laboratory for Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt; (K.S.); (M.K.M.)
| | - Giovanni Franzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (F.P.); (G.F.); (C.M.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Claudia Maria Tucciarone
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (F.P.); (G.F.); (C.M.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Mattia Cecchinato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (F.P.); (G.F.); (C.M.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Hesham Sultan
- Department of Birds and Rabbits Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Menoufia 32958, Egypt;
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Techera C, Tomás G, Grecco S, Williman J, Hernández M, Olivera V, Banda A, Vagnozzi A, Panzera Y, Marandino A, Pérez R. A rapid and affordable amplicon-based method for next-generation genome sequencing of the infectious bursal disease virus. J Virol Methods 2023; 322:114807. [PMID: 37683937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) causes a severe immunosuppressive disorder in young chickens. IBDV evolution resulted in the emergence of strains with divergent genetic, antigenic, and pathogenic characteristics. Genetic classification is typically performed by sequencing the coding region of the most immunogenic region of the viral protein 2 (VP2). Sequencing both double-stranded RNA genome segments is essential to achieve a more comprehensive IBDV classification that can detect recombinants and reassortments. Here, we report the development and standardization of a tiled PCR amplicon protocol for the direct and cost-effective genome sequencing of global IBDV strains using next-generation technology. Primers for tiled PCR were designed with adapters to bypass expensive and time-consuming library preparation steps. Sequencing was performed on Illumina MiniSeq equipment, and fourteen complete genomes of field strains were assembled using reference sequences. The PCR-enrichment step was used to obtain genomes from low-titer biological samples that were difficult to amplify using traditional sequencing. Phylogenetic analyses of the obtained genomes confirmed previous strain classification. By combining the enrichment methodology with massive sequencing, it is possible to obtain IBDV genomic sequences in a fast and affordable manner. This procedure can be a valuable tool to better understand virus epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Techera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gonzalo Tomás
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sofía Grecco
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Joaquín Williman
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Martín Hernández
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Valeria Olivera
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, 1712 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Banda
- Poultry Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Pearl, MS, United States
| | - Ariel Vagnozzi
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, 1712 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yanina Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana Marandino
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Ruben Pérez
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.
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4
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Junnu S, Pohuang T. Full -length coding sequence analysis of genome segments A and B of infectious bursal disease virus in Thailand: identification of Chinese-like and recombinant virus in the field. Avian Pathol 2023; 52:339-350. [PMID: 37357759 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2023.2230164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS For the first time, this work demonstrated a recombinant IBDV strain in Thailand.Two genogroups of IBDV were found in Thailand: including HLJ-504-like and recombinant virus.Analysis of the full coding sequence is essential for monitoring emerging variant IBDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sucheeva Junnu
- Division of Livestock Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Research Group for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals and Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Tawatchai Pohuang
- Division of Livestock Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Research Group for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals and Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Le XTK, Do RT, Doan HTT, Nguyen KT, Pham LTK, Le TH. Phylogenotyping of infectious bursal disease virus in Vietnam according to the newly unified genotypic classification scheme. Arch Virol 2023; 168:201. [PMID: 37402052 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05830-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Since 1987, infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) has circulated and evolved in Vietnam, but little is known about the genotypes present. IBDV samples were collected in 1987, 2001-2006, 2008, 2011, 2015-2019, and 2021 in 18 provinces. We conducted phylogenotyping analysis based on an alignment of 143 VP2-HVR (hypervariable region) sequences from 64 Vietnamese isolates (26 previous and 38 additional sequences and two vaccines, and alignment of 82 VP1 B-marker sequences, including one vaccine and four Vietnamese field strains. The analysis identified three A-genotypes, A1, A3, and A7, and two B-genotypes, B1 and B3, among the Vietnamese IBDV isolates. The lowest average evolutionary distance (8.6%) was seen between the A1 and A3 genotypes, and the highest (21.7%) was between A5 and A7, while there was a distance of 14% between B1 and B3 and 17% between B3 and B2. Unique signature residues were observed for genotypes A2, A3, A5, A6, and A8, which could be used for genotypic discrimination. A timeline statistical summary revealed that the A3-genotype predominated (79.8% presence) in Vietnam from 1987 to 2021 and that it remained the dominant IBDV genotype over the last five years (2016-2021). The current study contributes to a better understanding of the circulating genotypes and evolution of IBDV in Vietnam and worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyen Thi Kim Le
- Immunology Department, Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUST), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Roan Thi Do
- Immunology Department, Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUST), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Huong Thi Thanh Doan
- Immunology Department, Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUST), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Khue Thi Nguyen
- Immunology Department, Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUST), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Linh Thi Khanh Pham
- Immunology Department, Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUST), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Hoa Le
- Immunology Department, Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.
- Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUST), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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Nwagbo I, Milani A, Salviato A, Zamperin G, Sulaiman L, Maurice N, Meseko C, Fusaro A, Shittu I. Genomic Analysis of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Nigeria: Identification of Unique Mutations of Yet Unknown Biological Functions in Both Segments A and B. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040867. [PMID: 37112779 PMCID: PMC10144922 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a viral poultry disease known worldwide for impacting the economy and food security. The disease is endemic in Nigeria, with reported outbreaks in vaccinated poultry flocks. To gain insight into the dynamics of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) evolution in Nigeria, near-complete genomes of four IBDVs were evaluated. Amino acid sequences in the hypervariable region of the VP2 revealed conserved markers (222A, 242I, 256I, 294I and 299S) associated with very virulent (vv) IBDV, including the serine-rich heptapeptide motif (SWSASGS). Based on the newly proposed classification for segments A and B, the IBDVs clustered in the A3B5 group (where A3 are IBDVs with vvIBDV-like segment A, and where B5 are from non-vvIBDV-like segment B) form a monophyletic subcluster. Unique amino acid mutations with yet-to-be-determined biological functions have been observed in both segments. Amino acid sequences of the Nigerian IBDVs showed that they are reassortant viruses. Circulation of reassortant IBDVs may be responsible for the vaccination failures observed in the Nigerian poultry population. Close monitoring of changes in the IBDV genome is recommended to nip deleterious changes in the bud through the identification and introduction of the most appropriate vaccine candidates and advocacy/extension programs for properly implementing disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ijeoma Nwagbo
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom 930010, Nigeria
| | - Adelaide Milani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Annalisa Salviato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Zamperin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Lanre Sulaiman
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom 930010, Nigeria
| | - Nanven Maurice
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom 930010, Nigeria
| | - Clement Meseko
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom 930010, Nigeria
| | - Alice Fusaro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Ismaila Shittu
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom 930010, Nigeria
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7
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Legnardi M, Franzo G, Tucciarone CM, Koutoulis K, Cecchinato M. Infectious bursal disease virus in Western Europe: the rise of reassortant strains as the dominant field threat. Avian Pathol 2023; 52:25-35. [PMID: 36178148 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2022.2130172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a highly contagious birnavirus causing a burdensome immunosuppressive disease in chickens. IBDV features a remarkable antigenic, pathogenic and genetic heterogeneity, with significant implications on disease manifestation, control measures and diagnostic approaches. The recent proposals of comprehensive phylogenetic classification systems offered the ideal platform for large-scale molecular surveys, which are crucial to gather epidemiological data and inform control efforts. In this study, the IBDV scenario was investigated in most of Western Europe by considering the results of diagnostic activities performed internationally throughout 2021. In total, 470 bursal samples from nine different countries were analysed by RT-PCR targeting the VP2. When a field virus was identified, the VP1 was also characterized. Most of the 132 detected field viruses were highly homologous reassortants featuring a very virulent-like VP2 and a classical-like VP1 (genotype A3B1). Despite emerging recently, these reassortants were already signalled in several countries in North-Western Europe and associated with subclinical infections. Here, we report their further spread in the region, where they currently represent the dominant field threat. Two other IBDV types were found, one in Italy, where all the identified viruses clustered in a clade of the A3B1 genotype previously reported only in Russia and the Middle East, and the other in Portugal, where the recently characterized A9B1 genotype was confirmed to circulate. The obtained data suggest the recent occurrence of a major shift in the Western European epidemiological landscape of IBDV, stressing the importance of steady monitoring and sharing of information among different countries and laboratories.RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS The IBDV scenario in Western Europe seems to have radically changed in recent years.IBDV reassortants were found to be the dominant field type in the region.Local circulation of two other IBDV types was detected in Italy and Portugal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Legnardi
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Giovanni Franzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | | | - Konstantinos Koutoulis
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Mattia Cecchinato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro (PD), Italy
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Cubas-Gaona LL, Courtillon C, Briand FX, Cotta H, Bougeard S, Hirchaud E, Leroux A, Blanchard Y, Keita A, Amelot M, Eterradossi N, Tatár-Kis T, Kiss I, Cazaban C, Grasland B, Soubies SM. High antigenic diversity of serotype 1 infectious bursal disease virus revealed by antigenic cartography. Virus Res 2023; 323:198999. [PMID: 36379388 PMCID: PMC10194283 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The antigenic characterization of IBDV, a virus that causes an immunosuppressive disease in young chickens, has been historically addressed using cross virus neutralization (VN) assay and antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent (AC-ELISA). However, VN assay has been usually carried out either in specific antibody negative embryonated eggs, for non-cell culture adapted strains, which is tedious, or on chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF), which requires virus adaptation to cell culture. AC-ELISA has provided crucial information about IBDV antigenicity, but this information is limited to the epitopes included in the tested panel with a lack of information of overall antigenic view. The present work aimed at overcoming those technical limitations and providing an extensive antigenic landscape based on original cross VN assays employing primary chicken B cells, where no previous IBDV adaptation is required. Sixteen serotype 1 IBDV viruses, comprising both reference strains and documented antigenic variants were tested against eleven chicken post-infectious sera. The VN data were analysed by antigenic cartography, a method which enables reliable high-resolution quantitative and visual interpretation of large binding assay datasets. The resulting antigenic cartography revealed i) the existence of several antigenic clusters of IBDV, ii) high antigenic relatedness between some genetically unrelated viruses, iii) a highly variable contribution to global antigenicity of previously identified individual epitopes and iv) broad reactivity of chicken sera raised against antigenic variants. This study provides an overall view of IBDV antigenic diversity. Implementing this approach will be instrumental to follow the evolution of IBDV antigenicity and control the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana L Cubas-Gaona
- Avian and Rabbit Virology, Immunology and Parasitology Unit (VIPAC), OIE reference Laboratory for Infectious bursal disease virus, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France; Science and Investigation Department, Ceva Santé Animale, BP 126, Libourne Cedex 33501, France.
| | - Céline Courtillon
- Avian and Rabbit Virology, Immunology and Parasitology Unit (VIPAC), OIE reference Laboratory for Infectious bursal disease virus, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Francois-Xavier Briand
- Avian and Rabbit Virology, Immunology and Parasitology Unit (VIPAC), OIE reference Laboratory for Infectious bursal disease virus, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Higor Cotta
- Science and Investigation Department, Ceva Santé Animale, BP 126, Libourne Cedex 33501, France
| | - Stephanie Bougeard
- Epidemiology, Animal Health and Welfare Unit (EPISABE), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Edouard Hirchaud
- Viral Genetics and Biosecurity Unit (GVB), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Aurélie Leroux
- Viral Genetics and Biosecurity Unit (GVB), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Yannick Blanchard
- Viral Genetics and Biosecurity Unit (GVB), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Alassane Keita
- Experimental Poultry Unit (SELEAC), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Michel Amelot
- Experimental Poultry Unit (SELEAC), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Nicolas Eterradossi
- Avian and Rabbit Virology, Immunology and Parasitology Unit (VIPAC), OIE reference Laboratory for Infectious bursal disease virus, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Tímea Tatár-Kis
- Scientific Support and Investigation Unit, Ceva-Phylaxia Co. Ltd., Ceva Animal Health, 5 Szallas utca, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Istvan Kiss
- Scientific Support and Investigation Unit, Ceva-Phylaxia Co. Ltd., Ceva Animal Health, 5 Szallas utca, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Christophe Cazaban
- Science and Investigation Department, Ceva Santé Animale, BP 126, Libourne Cedex 33501, France
| | - Béatrice Grasland
- Avian and Rabbit Virology, Immunology and Parasitology Unit (VIPAC), OIE reference Laboratory for Infectious bursal disease virus, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Sébastien Mathieu Soubies
- Avian and Rabbit Virology, Immunology and Parasitology Unit (VIPAC), OIE reference Laboratory for Infectious bursal disease virus, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
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9
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Pikuła A, Lisowska A. Genetics and Pathogenicity of Natural Reassortant of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Emerging in Latvia. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11101081. [PMID: 36297138 PMCID: PMC9612254 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus is an immunosuppressive pathogen that, despite applied vaccination, is affecting the poultry industry worldwide. This report presents the genetic and pathotypic characterization of a natural reassortant emerging in Europe (Latvia). Genetic characterization showed that strain 25/11/Latvia/2011 represents genotype A3B1, whose segment A is derived from very virulent strains, while segment B is from the classic-like genogroup. Phylogenetic maximum likelihood inference of the B-segment sequence clustered the reassortant strain together with the US antigenic variant E strain. However, the obtained full-length sequence of 25/11/Latvia/2011 revealed that not only reassortment but also dozens of mutations shaped the unique genetic makeup. Phenotypic characterization showed no mortality and no clinical signs of disease but a severe bursa of Fabricius atrophy and splenomegaly in the convalescent birds at 10 days post infection. The results obtained indicate that the acquired genetic constellation contributed to a decrease in virulence; nevertheless, the infection causes severe damage to lymphoid organs, which can lead to impaired immune responses.
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10
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Full-Length Genome Sequence of a Novel European Antigenic Variant Strain of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus. Microbiol Resour Announc 2022; 11:e0010222. [PMID: 35861555 PMCID: PMC9302163 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00102-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the full-length genome sequence (compared to reference sequences) of a novel European variant strain of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), designated 19P009381 (AxB1). This should help to further identify such viruses in Europe.
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11
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Nooruzzaman M, Hossain I, Rahman MM, Uddin AJ, Mustari A, Parvin R, Chowdhury EH, Islam MR. Comparative pathogenicity of infectious bursal disease viruses of three different genotypes. Microb Pathog 2022; 169:105641. [PMID: 35714848 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a highly immunosuppressive and often fatal viral disease of young chickens. The causal agent IBD virus (IBDV) is an avian Birnavirus having two genome segments that have evolved independently and contributed to the emergence of many genotypes with different pathogenic profile. The present study aimed at genetic and pathogenic characterization of IBDVs from Bangladesh. We performed phylogenetic analysis of 15 IBDV isolates recovered from field outbreaks in chickens during 2020-2021 and compared the pathogenicity of three selected isolates belonging to different genotypes on experimental infection in chickens. Out of 15 isolates, one was the typical vvIBDV of genotype A3B2, 13 were reassortant vvIBDV of genotype A3B3 having very virulent-like segment A and early Australian-like segment B, and the remaining one isolate was a classical virulent IBDV of A1aB1 genotype. A few amino acid substitutions were observed between the genotypes in four putative antigenic sites on VP2. In a comparative pathogenicity study, the typical vvIBDV isolate BD-25(A3B2) appeared to be the most virulent with 100% morbidity and 90% mortality, followed by the segment-reassortant vvIBDV isolate BD-28(A3B3) with 50% morbidity and 30% mortality. However, the gross and histopathological lesions in the bursa of Fabricius were similar. The classical virulent isolate BD-26(A1aB1) did not cause any clinical disease. In conclusion, three genotypes of IBDV are co-circulating in poultry of Bangladesh and the typical vvIBDV of A3B2 genotype was more virulent than the reassortant vvIBDV of A3B3 genotype. Further studies are required to assess the country-wide distribution of IBDV of different genotypes and the efficacy of the currently available vaccines in protecting chickens against different genotypes of IBDV in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Nooruzzaman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Ismail Hossain
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Mijanur Rahman
- Department of Livestock Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Krishi Khamar Sarak, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abm Jalal Uddin
- Department of Livestock Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Krishi Khamar Sarak, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Afrina Mustari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Rokshana Parvin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Emdadul Haque Chowdhury
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh.
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12
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Chen R, Chen J, Xiang Y, Chen Y, Shen W, Wang W, Li Y, Wei P, He X. Differential Modulation of Innate Antiviral Profiles in the Intestinal Lamina Propria Cells of Chickens Infected with Infectious Bursal Disease Viruses of Different Virulence. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020393. [PMID: 35215986 PMCID: PMC8878311 DOI: 10.3390/v14020393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is one of the most important infectious diseases of poultry around the world. Gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) are the first line of defense of the host against the infection. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of innate immune antiviral signaling triggered by Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), as well as macrophage activation and cytokine response in the intestinal lamina propria (ILP) cells after the oral challenge of IBDV in relation to IBDV virulence and disease pathogenesis. The results showed that the expression levels of TLR3, IRF7, IFN-α/β and the corresponding downstream antiviral factors OAS, PKR and Mx were all upregulated in the SPF chicken ILP cells at 8 h post-infection (hpi) and 12 hpi. Similarly, macrophages were activated, with the initial macrophage M1 activation observed at 8 hpi, but then it rapidly shifted to a non-protective M2-type. Both Th1 (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12) and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) types of cytokines were differentially upregulated during the early stage of infection; however, the Th1 cytokines exhibited stronger activation before 8 hpi compared to those of the Th2 cytokines. Interestingly, differential regulations of gene expression induced by different IBDV strains with different virulence were detected. The HLJ0504-like very virulent (vv) IBDV strain NN1172 induced stronger activation of TLR3-IFN-α/β pathway, macrophages and the Th1/2 cytokines’ expression, compared to those induced by the attenuated strain B87 at 8 hpi and 12 hpi in the ILP cells. In conclusion, the innate antiviral response mediated by the TLR3-IRF7 pathway, macrophage activation and cytokine expression in the GALT cells at the early stage of IBDV infection was differentially modulated, and the HLJ0504-like vvIBDV strain triggered stronger activation than the attenuated vaccine strain, and that may play an important role in the progression of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530008, China; (R.C.); (J.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.C.); (W.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jinnan Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530008, China; (R.C.); (J.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.C.); (W.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yanhua Xiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530008, China; (R.C.); (J.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.C.); (W.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530008, China; (R.C.); (J.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.C.); (W.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Weiwei Shen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530008, China; (R.C.); (J.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.C.); (W.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
| | - Yihai Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530008, China; (R.C.); (J.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.C.); (W.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ping Wei
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
- Correspondence: (P.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiumiao He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530008, China; (R.C.); (J.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.C.); (W.S.); (Y.L.)
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
- Correspondence: (P.W.); (X.H.)
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13
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Jiang N, Wang Y, Zhang W, Niu X, Huang M, Gao Y, Liu A, Gao L, Li K, Pan Q, Liu C, Zhang Y, Cui H, Wang X, Qi X. Genotyping and Molecular Characterization of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Identified in Important Poultry-Raising Areas of China During 2019 and 2020. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:759861. [PMID: 34926638 PMCID: PMC8671459 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.759861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an acute and highly contagious immunosuppressive disease caused by the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), which seriously threatens the healthy development of the poultry industry. Since its spread to China in the early 1990s, the very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) characterized by high lethality, has been the focus of prevention and control. However, the novel variant IBDV (nVarIBDV), which has been widely prevalent in China since 2017, has brought a new threat to the poultry industry. In this study, the prevalence of IBDV in the important poultry-raising areas of China from 2019 to 2020 was detected. Of these, 45.1% (101/224) of the samples and 61.9% (26/42) of the chicken flocks were shown to be positive for IBDV. For 50 IBDVs, the sequences of the hypervariable region of the VP2 gene in segment A and of the B-marker of the VP1 gene in segment B were analyzed. The results revealed the coexistence of a number of different IBDV genotypes, including A2dB1 (nVar, 26/50, 52.0%), A3B3 (HLJ0504-like, 15/50, 30.0%), A1B1 (classical, 1/50, 2.0%), and A8B1 (attenuated, 1/50, 2.0%). This indicated that the newly emerging nVarIBDV of A2dB1 and the persistently circulating HLJ0504-like vvIBDV of A3B3 are the two important epidemic strains. Furthermore, we established that segment reassortment has occurred among these circulating strains. This study is the first to reveal the novel epidemic characteristics of IBDV since the report of the emerging nVarIBDV of A2dB1 in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yulong Wang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xinxin Niu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Mengmeng Huang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yulong Gao
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Aijing Liu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Li Gao
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Kai Li
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qing Pan
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Changjun Liu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyu Cui
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaole Qi
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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14
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Feng X, Zhu N, Cui Y, Hou L, Zhou J, Qiu Y, Yang X, Liu C, Wang D, Guo J, Sun T, Shi Y, Han N, Mo M, Liu J. Characterization and pathogenicity of a naturally reassortant and recombinant infectious bursal disease virus in China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:e746-e758. [PMID: 34657384 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), an Avibirnavirus, is the pathogen of infectious bursal disease, which is a severely immunosuppressive disease in 3-15-week-old chickens. Different phenotypes of IBDV, including classical, variant, very virulent (vv) and attenuated IBDV, have been reported in many chicken-rearing countries worldwide. Here, we isolated and identified a naturally reassortant and recombinant IBDV (designated GXB02) from 20-day-old chickens with clinicopathological changes of infectious bursal disease (IBD) in Guangxi Province, China. Whole genomic sequencing showed that the strain GXB02 simultaneously has both reassortant and recombinant characteristics with segments A and B being derived from recombinant intermediate vaccine strain and classic strains of IBDV. Segment A of strain GXB02 was incorporated into the skeleton of an intermediate IBDV vaccine strain (W2512), where the breakpoints of two recombinant events located at nucleotide positions 1468 and 1648 were replaced by reassortant vvIBDV (PK2) and vvIBDV (D6948) of segment A, respectively. We used this GXB02 strain to inoculate 21-day-old specific-pathogen-free chickens to evaluate its pathogenicity. Strain GXB02 has clinicopathologic characteristics of IBD with severe bursal lesions, as evidenced by necrosis, depletion of lymphocytes, and follicle atrophy, indicating that reassortment with classical strains in segment B or/and recombination with very virulent strains increased pathogenicity of the strain GXB02 in chickens. These findings provide important insights into the genetic exchange between classic and attenuated strains of IBDV with two recombinant events occurring at the intermediate derivative segment A with vvIBDV strains, thereby increasing the difficulty of prevention and control of IBD due to novel reassortant-recombinant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufei Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yongqiu Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lei Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yonghui Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Changzhe Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dedong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jinshuo Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tong Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yongyan Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Nan Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Meilan Mo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jue Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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15
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Wang W, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Qiao Y, Deng Q, Chen R, Chen J, Huang T, Wei T, Mo M, He X, Wei P. The emerging naturally reassortant strain of IBDV (genotype A2dB3) having segment A from Chinese novel variant strain and segment B from HLJ 0504-like very virulent strain showed enhanced pathogenicity to three-yellow chickens. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:e566-e579. [PMID: 34581009 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Novel variant infectious bursal disease virus (nvIBDV) is an emerging pathotype that can cause sub-clinical disease with severe, prolonged immunosuppression in young chickens. At present, two major pathotypes, including vvIBDV and nvIBDV, are prevailing in China. In this study, we propose that the nvIBDV is a new genotype (A2dB1b) and also first isolated and characterized a nvIBDV reassortant strain YL160304 (A2dB3) with segments A and B derived, respectively, from the nvIBDV and the HLJ-0504-like vvIBDV from yellow chickens in southern China. The YL160304 causes more extensive cytotropism and can infect specific-pathogen-free chicken embryos with severe subcutaneous hemorrhage. The pathogenicity of YL160304 to 4-week-old three-yellow chickens was determined and compared with those of the nvIBDV QZ191002 and the HLJ-0504-like vvIBDV NN1172. Weight gain was significantly reduced in all the challenged birds. No clinical signs and associated mortality were observed in the birds challenged with QZ191002, while the mortalities in the birds challenged with NN1172 and YL160304 were 30% (3/10) and 10% (1/10), respectively. At 7 days postchallenge, the bursa was severely damaged and the percentage of peripheral blood B lymphocyte (PBBL) decreased significantly in all the challenged birds and the quantity of the viral RNA detected in the bursa was in accordance with the results of the histomorphometry and the depletion of PBBL. This study not only confirmed the emerging epidemic of the novel variant and its reassortant strains, but also discovered that the naturally reassortant nvIBDV strain with the segment B of HLJ 0504-like vvIBDV can significantly enhance the pathogenicity to chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Yu Huang
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Yuanzheng Qiao
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Qiaomu Deng
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, P. R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Jinnan Chen
- School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, P. R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Teng Huang
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Tianchao Wei
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Meilan Mo
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Xiumiao He
- School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, P. R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Ping Wei
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, P. R. China
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16
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Wang Y, Jiang N, Fan L, Niu X, Zhang W, Huang M, Gao L, Li K, Gao Y, Liu C, Cui H, Liu A, Pan Q, Zhang Y, Wang X, Qi X. Identification and Pathogenicity Evaluation of a Novel Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (Genotype A2dB3). Viruses 2021; 13:v13091682. [PMID: 34578267 PMCID: PMC8472943 DOI: 10.3390/v13091682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a non-enveloped, bi-segmented double-stranded RNA virus and the causative agent of a poultry immunosuppressive disease known as infectious bursal disease (IBD). The novel variant IBDV (nVarIBDV) recently posed a great threat to the development of the poultry industry. In this study, we identified a novel segment-reassortant IBDV strain, IBDV-JS19-14701 (Genotype A2dB3). Phylogenic analysis showed that Segments A and B of IBDV-JS19-14701 were derived from emerging nVarIBDV (Genotype A2dB1) and long-prevalent HLJ0504-like strains (Genotype A3B3) in China, respectively. The pathogenicity of IBDV-JS19-14701 was further evaluated via animal experiments. IBDV-JS19-14701 exhibited a similar virulence to chickens with the nVarIBDV. The identification of this reassortment event is beneficial for understanding the epidemiology of nVarIBDV and will contribute to the efficient prevention and control of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (Y.W.); (N.J.); (L.F.); (X.N.); (W.Z.); (M.H.); (L.G.); (K.L.); (Y.G.); (C.L.); (H.C.); (A.L.); (Q.P.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (Y.W.); (N.J.); (L.F.); (X.N.); (W.Z.); (M.H.); (L.G.); (K.L.); (Y.G.); (C.L.); (H.C.); (A.L.); (Q.P.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Linjin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (Y.W.); (N.J.); (L.F.); (X.N.); (W.Z.); (M.H.); (L.G.); (K.L.); (Y.G.); (C.L.); (H.C.); (A.L.); (Q.P.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Xinxin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (Y.W.); (N.J.); (L.F.); (X.N.); (W.Z.); (M.H.); (L.G.); (K.L.); (Y.G.); (C.L.); (H.C.); (A.L.); (Q.P.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Wenying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (Y.W.); (N.J.); (L.F.); (X.N.); (W.Z.); (M.H.); (L.G.); (K.L.); (Y.G.); (C.L.); (H.C.); (A.L.); (Q.P.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Mengmeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (Y.W.); (N.J.); (L.F.); (X.N.); (W.Z.); (M.H.); (L.G.); (K.L.); (Y.G.); (C.L.); (H.C.); (A.L.); (Q.P.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Li Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (Y.W.); (N.J.); (L.F.); (X.N.); (W.Z.); (M.H.); (L.G.); (K.L.); (Y.G.); (C.L.); (H.C.); (A.L.); (Q.P.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (Y.W.); (N.J.); (L.F.); (X.N.); (W.Z.); (M.H.); (L.G.); (K.L.); (Y.G.); (C.L.); (H.C.); (A.L.); (Q.P.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Yulong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (Y.W.); (N.J.); (L.F.); (X.N.); (W.Z.); (M.H.); (L.G.); (K.L.); (Y.G.); (C.L.); (H.C.); (A.L.); (Q.P.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Changjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (Y.W.); (N.J.); (L.F.); (X.N.); (W.Z.); (M.H.); (L.G.); (K.L.); (Y.G.); (C.L.); (H.C.); (A.L.); (Q.P.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Hongyu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (Y.W.); (N.J.); (L.F.); (X.N.); (W.Z.); (M.H.); (L.G.); (K.L.); (Y.G.); (C.L.); (H.C.); (A.L.); (Q.P.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Aijing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (Y.W.); (N.J.); (L.F.); (X.N.); (W.Z.); (M.H.); (L.G.); (K.L.); (Y.G.); (C.L.); (H.C.); (A.L.); (Q.P.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Qing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (Y.W.); (N.J.); (L.F.); (X.N.); (W.Z.); (M.H.); (L.G.); (K.L.); (Y.G.); (C.L.); (H.C.); (A.L.); (Q.P.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Yanping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (Y.W.); (N.J.); (L.F.); (X.N.); (W.Z.); (M.H.); (L.G.); (K.L.); (Y.G.); (C.L.); (H.C.); (A.L.); (Q.P.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (Y.W.); (N.J.); (L.F.); (X.N.); (W.Z.); (M.H.); (L.G.); (K.L.); (Y.G.); (C.L.); (H.C.); (A.L.); (Q.P.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaole Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (Y.W.); (N.J.); (L.F.); (X.N.); (W.Z.); (M.H.); (L.G.); (K.L.); (Y.G.); (C.L.); (H.C.); (A.L.); (Q.P.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0451-5105-1692
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17
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Cubas-Gaona LL, Flageul A, Courtillon C, Briand FX, Contrant M, Bougeard S, Lucas P, Quenault H, Leroux A, Keita A, Amelot M, Grasland B, Blanchard Y, Eterradossi N, Brown PA, Soubies SM. Genome Evolution of Two Genetically Homogeneous Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Strains During Passages in vitro and ex vivo in the Presence of a Mutagenic Nucleoside Analog. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:678563. [PMID: 34177862 PMCID: PMC8226269 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.678563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The avibirnavirus infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is responsible for a highly contagious and sometimes lethal disease of chickens (Gallus gallus). IBDV genetic variation is well-described for both field and live-attenuated vaccine strains, however, the dynamics and selection pressures behind this genetic evolution remain poorly documented. Here, genetically homogeneous virus stocks were generated using reverse genetics for a very virulent strain, rvv, and a vaccine-related strain, rCu-1. These viruses were serially passaged at controlled multiplicities of infection in several biological systems, including primary chickens B cells, the main cell type targeted by IBDV in vivo. Passages were also performed in the absence or presence of a strong selective pressure using the antiviral nucleoside analog 7-deaza-2'-C-methyladenosine (7DMA). Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) of viral genomes after the last passage in each biological system revealed that (i) a higher viral diversity was generated in segment A than in segment B, regardless 7DMA treatment and viral strain, (ii) diversity in segment B was increased by 7DMA treatment in both viruses, (iii) passaging of IBDV in primary chicken B cells, regardless of 7DMA treatment, did not select cell-culture adapted variants of rvv, preserving its capsid protein (VP2) properties, (iv) mutations in coding and non-coding regions of rCu-1 segment A could potentially associate to higher viral fitness, and (v) a specific selection, upon 7DMA addition, of a Thr329Ala substitution occurred in the viral polymerase VP1. The latter change, together with Ala270Thr change in VP2, proved to be associated with viral attenuation in vivo. These results identify genome sequences that are important for IBDV evolution in response to selection pressures. Such information will help tailor better strategies for controlling IBDV infection in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana L Cubas-Gaona
- Avian and Rabbit Virology, Immunology and Parasitology Unit (VIPAC), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Alexandre Flageul
- Avian and Rabbit Virology, Immunology and Parasitology Unit (VIPAC), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Céline Courtillon
- Avian and Rabbit Virology, Immunology and Parasitology Unit (VIPAC), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Francois-Xavier Briand
- Avian and Rabbit Virology, Immunology and Parasitology Unit (VIPAC), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Maud Contrant
- Viral Genetics and Biosecurity Unit (GVB), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Stephanie Bougeard
- Epidemiology, Animal Health and Welfare Unit (EPISABE), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Pierrick Lucas
- Viral Genetics and Biosecurity Unit (GVB), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Hélène Quenault
- Viral Genetics and Biosecurity Unit (GVB), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Aurélie Leroux
- Viral Genetics and Biosecurity Unit (GVB), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Alassane Keita
- Experimental Poultry Unit (SELEAC), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Michel Amelot
- Experimental Poultry Unit (SELEAC), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Béatrice Grasland
- Avian and Rabbit Virology, Immunology and Parasitology Unit (VIPAC), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Yannick Blanchard
- Viral Genetics and Biosecurity Unit (GVB), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Nicolas Eterradossi
- Avian and Rabbit Virology, Immunology and Parasitology Unit (VIPAC), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Paul Alun Brown
- Avian and Rabbit Virology, Immunology and Parasitology Unit (VIPAC), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Sébastien Mathieu Soubies
- Avian and Rabbit Virology, Immunology and Parasitology Unit (VIPAC), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
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18
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Arowolo OA, George UE, Luka PD, Maurice NA, Atuman YJ, Shallmizhili JJ, Shittu I, Oluwayelu DO. Infectious bursal disease in Nigeria: continuous circulation of reassortant viruses. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:271. [PMID: 33877444 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02719-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Outbreaks of infectious bursal disease (IBD), a highly contagious immunosuppressive disease of young chickens, are still reported globally despite vaccination efforts. This study investigated the genetic characteristics of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) from 26 reported outbreaks in 2019 in Nigeria. Nucleotide sequences of VP2 hypervariable (hvVP2) region (n=26) and VP1 (n=23) of Nigerian IBDVs were determined. Our results revealed the detection of reassortant strains with segment A related to very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) having virulence marker (222A, 242I, 256I, 294I and 299S), whereas their segment B were closely related to previously detected IBDV strains having QEG substitution at positions 145-147. Phylogenetic analysis of the hvVP2 region revealed that all the Nigerian IBDV clustered with vvIBDV (genogroup 3) and were independent of the Asian/European lineage. Interestingly, in the hvVP2, all the viruses had a G-S substitution at residue 254. Additionally, one isolate had an A321T substitution at the PHI loop, which has been suggested to play a key role in antigenicity. Four of the viruses (Bauchi=3 and Plateau=1) had a unique A-T substitution at residue 144 on the VP1 region. We also observed a T174S substitution in nine of the Nigerian viruses from Bauchi and Plateau state that were not found in any outbreak viruses from Oyo and Akwa Ibom. This report demonstrates the circulation of reassortant strains in commercial and backyard poultry farms in Nigeria despite sustained vaccination efforts. Our data suggest that the Nigerian outbreak viruses have mutations that may affect antigenicity and contribute to antigenic drift.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Arowolo
- Viral Vaccines Production Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria. .,Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - U E George
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - P D Luka
- Biotechnology Centre, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, P.M.B, 930103, Nigeria
| | - N A Maurice
- Department of Diagnostic and Extension, Uyo outstation Laboratory, National Veterinary Research Institute, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
| | - Y J Atuman
- Outstation Investigation Laboratory, National Veterinary Research Institute, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria
| | | | - I Shittu
- Department of Virology, Viral Research Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - D O Oluwayelu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
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19
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Islam MR, Nooruzzaman M, Rahman T, Mumu TT, Rahman MM, Chowdhury EH, Eterradossi N, Müller H. A unified genotypic classification of infectious bursal disease virus based on both genome segments. Avian Pathol 2021; 50:190-206. [PMID: 33410703 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2021.1873245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) of chickens is a birnavirus with a bi-segmented double-stranded RNA genome, the segments designated as A and B. We performed phylogenetic analysis using a 366-bp fragment of segment A (nt 785-1150) and a 508-bp fragment of segment B (nt 328-835) of IBDV. A total of 463 segment A and 434 segment B sequences from GenBank, including the sequences of eight recent Bangladeshi isolates, were used in the analysis. The analysis revealed eight genogroups of segment A under serotype 1, designated as A1 (classical), A2 (US antigenic variant), A3 (very virulent), A4 (dIBDV), A5 (atypical Mexican), A6 (atypical Italian), A7 (early Australian) and A8 (Australian variant), and a single genogroup under serotype 2, designated as A0. On the other hand, segment B could be categorized into five genogroups irrespective of serotype, these being B1 (classical-like), B2 (very virulent-like), B3 (early Australian-like), B4 (Polish & Tanzanian) and B5 (Nigerian). Segment B of serotype 2 strains clustered within genogroup B1. With the bi-segmented genome of IBDV, these differences would allow for a total of 45 possible assortments. Based on the combinations of segment A and segment B genogroups observed in 463 IBDV strains, a total of 15 genotypes could be recognized. Recent Bangladeshi IBDV strains, isolated in 2016, appeared to be segment reassortants having segment A of genogroup A3 (very virulent) and segment B of genogroup B3 (early Australian-like). An extended system of nomenclature of IBDV strains is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Nooruzzaman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Tazinur Rahman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Tanjin Tamanna Mumu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Mijanur Rahman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Emdadul Haque Chowdhury
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Nicolas Eterradossi
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES) Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Epidemiology and Welfare Unit, OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease Ploufragan, France
| | - Hermann Müller
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Institute for Virology, Leipzig, Germany
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20
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Lachheb J, Jbenyeni A, Nsiri J, Larbi I, Ammouna F, El Behi I, Ghram A. Full-length genome sequencing of a very virulent infectious bursal disease virus isolated in Tunisia. Poult Sci 2020; 100:496-506. [PMID: 33518102 PMCID: PMC7858174 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD), an acute, highly contagious, and immunosuppressive avian disease, is caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and constitutes one of the main threats to the poultry industry, worldwide. This study was performed to isolate and characterize IBDV isolates circulating in Tunisia. Eleven collected bird samples were identified using an SYBR Green–based one-step real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The full-length genome sequencing of 7 of the 11 IBDV isolates has been realized. VP2 gene data showed limited sequence variations for all the 7 tested samples. The few nucleotide changes were silent and the deduced amino acid sequences were identical with the exception of a unique and characteristic nonsilent mutation (C1203) detected for the TN37/19 isolate, with a change of amino acid (L) to (F) at position 401. In addition, the serine-rich heptapeptide SWSASGS, characteristic of virulent IBDV, as well the amino acid residues, conserved in most very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) strains, were detected in all the Tunisian tested isolates. Nucleotide sequences of VP5 gene revealed the presence of 5 substitutions leading to changes in the amino acid sequences of the virus. Two of these mutations were unique and characteristic of the Tunisian isolates. Besides, the alternative AUG start codon, characteristic of vvIBDV, was observed in all obtained VP5 gene sequences. The Tunisian protein sequences of VP1 showed E242 and the TDN triplet at positions 145, 146, and 147, a motif specific of vvIBDV. Phylogenetic analyses of the 5 genes confirmed the sequence alignment results and showed that the Tunisian strains are closely related to the very virulent Algerian IBDV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihene Lachheb
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology LR0020, Institut Pasteur of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis Belvedere 1002, Tunisia.
| | - Adam Jbenyeni
- Veterinary Practice El Intilaka, Canal Street 20, 2097 Ben Arous, Tunisia
| | - Jihene Nsiri
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology LR0020, Institut Pasteur of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis Belvedere 1002, Tunisia
| | - Imen Larbi
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology LR0020, Institut Pasteur of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis Belvedere 1002, Tunisia
| | - Faten Ammouna
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology LR0020, Institut Pasteur of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis Belvedere 1002, Tunisia
| | - Imen El Behi
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology LR0020, Institut Pasteur of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis Belvedere 1002, Tunisia
| | - Abdeljelil Ghram
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology LR0020, Institut Pasteur of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis Belvedere 1002, Tunisia
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21
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Jumaa RS, Allawi AB, Jabbar RN. Genetic Analysis of Field Isolates of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Iraqi Farms. THE IRAQI JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.30539/ijvm.v44i1.931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Sixty samples of bursa of Fabricius were collected from broiler chickens suspected to be infected with infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) in different areas of Iraq for molecular evaluation. The extracted nucleic acid was amplified using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting genes of segment A (Vp2, Vp3, Vp4 and Vp5 genes) and segment B (VP1 genes). The products of amplification were sent to Korea for sequencing using Sanger method. The sequencing analysis of the IBDV from the Iraqi isolates revealed that each gene had different transition and transversion (nonsense and missense of point mutation) compared to reference genes. The phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the VP2 of segment A of the Iraqi samples was similar to that of an Egyptian strain with 96%similarity, the polypeptide VP2-3-4 of segment A of the Iraqi samples was similar to those of a Chinese strain with 99% similarity and the VP5 of segment A was similar to that of Chinese strain with 99% similarity. However, the phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the VP1 of segment B had 95% similarity with that of a Chinese strain.
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22
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Mató T, Tatár-Kis T, Felföldi B, Jansson DS, Homonnay Z, Bányai K, Palya V. Occurrence and spread of a reassortant very virulent genotype of infectious bursal disease virus with altered VP2 amino acid profile and pathogenicity in some European countries. Vet Microbiol 2020; 245:108663. [PMID: 32456810 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Reassortant strains of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) were detected in commercial broiler flocks in the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, Czech Republic and Germany and in layers and organic broilers in Sweden in the period of 2017-19. Genetic analysis, based on hypervariable region of VP2 gene showed grouping together with very virulent IBDV strains (vvIBDV, Genogroup 3), but these recent viruses formed a separate cluster, which was most closely related to Latvian IBDV strains from 2010-13. VP1 gene of these isolates was most closely related to D78 attenuated IBDV strain. The recently described reassortant IBDV strain (Bpop/03/PL) from Poland with similar genomic constellation (segment A from vvIBDV, segment B from attenuated strain) retained its pathogenicity (80 % mortality in SPF chickens). Infection with the North-West European reassortant IBDVs described in this study showed subclinical feature in the field (without complicating agents) and when tested under standardized pathogenicity test in SPF layer chickens (no mortality or clinical signs, but marked bursa atrophy was observed). Although these recent North-West European reassortant strains had all amino acid residues in their VP2 gene which are considered as markers of vvIBDV strains, they exhibited typical amino acid changes compared to vvIBDV reference strains that should contribute to the determination of pathogenicity. Diagnostic investigations indicated that co-infection with fowl adenovirus or chicken infectious anaemia virus exaggerated the outcome of the IBDV infection (10-20 % mortality). Widespread presence of this reassortant IBDV group in clinically healthy flocks draws attention to the importance of active surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Mató
- Scientific Support and Investigation Unit, Ceva-Phylaxia Co. Ltd., Ceva Animal Health, 5 Szallas utca, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Tímea Tatár-Kis
- Scientific Support and Investigation Unit, Ceva-Phylaxia Co. Ltd., Ceva Animal Health, 5 Szallas utca, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Felföldi
- Scientific Support and Investigation Unit, Ceva-Phylaxia Co. Ltd., Ceva Animal Health, 5 Szallas utca, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Desirée S Jansson
- Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute, SE751 89, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box7054, SE750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zalán Homonnay
- Scientific Support and Investigation Unit, Ceva-Phylaxia Co. Ltd., Ceva Animal Health, 5 Szallas utca, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 3 Tabornok utca, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vilmos Palya
- Scientific Support and Investigation Unit, Ceva-Phylaxia Co. Ltd., Ceva Animal Health, 5 Szallas utca, Budapest, Hungary
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23
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Wang Q, Hu H, Chen G, Liu H, Wang S, Xia D, Yu Y, Zhang Y, Jiang J, Ma J, Xu Y, Xu Z, Ou C, Liu X. Identification and assessment of pathogenicity of a naturally reassorted infectious bursal disease virus from Henan, China. Poult Sci 2020; 98:6433-6444. [PMID: 31504884 PMCID: PMC8913969 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is still a vital etiological agent in poultry farms. IBDV outbreaks occasionally occur due to the presence of very virulent, reassortment or variant strains. Vaccine immunization has played crucial roles in IBD control for decades. However, survival pressure of IBDV from the vaccine immunization also increases the reassortments of circulating viruses. In this study, an IBDV strain was isolated from several broiler farms in Henan Province, central part of China, and named IBDV HN strain. Based on the results of RT-PCR, sequencing and phylogenic analyses of VP1 and VP2 genes, the IBDV HN strain is a novel reassortment strain in the Henan region. Segment A of this strain appears to originate from the very virulent IBDV strain, while segment B comes from the other field reassortment strains. This may be the result of natural reassortant of virus circulating in the field. About 60% (6/10) of experimentally infected specific pathogen-free chickens died after 3 to 5 d post-infection with typical symptom and pathological lesions. The IBDV HN strain was prone to horizontal transmission, which poses a serious threat to the chicken industry. Further investigation on the prevalence, virulence, and evolution of HN strain IBDV will provide a foundation for the prevention and control of the disease in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Wang
- Postdoctoral Research and Development Base, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Huilong Hu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Guangli Chen
- Xinxiang Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Hailin Liu
- Xinxiang Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Dasong Xia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Yan Yu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Jinqing Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Jinyou Ma
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Yanzhao Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Zhiyong Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Changbo Ou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Xingyou Liu
- Postdoctoral Research and Development Base, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
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24
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Pikuła A, Śmietanka K, Perez LJ. Emergence and expansion of novel pathogenic reassortant strains of infectious bursal disease virus causing acute outbreaks of the disease in Europe. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:1739-1744. [PMID: 32052582 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is the aetiological agent of a highly contagious chicken immunodeficiency disorder known as Gumboro disease, which cause severe economic loses to the poultry worldwide. The emergence of very virulent IBDV strains (vvIBDV) during the late 80s resulted in drastic changes to the epidemiology of IBDV with a dramatic increase in the mortality of the animals affected. Molecular studies determined that the emergence of the vvIBDV was a consequence of a genomic reorganization of IBDV known as reassortant event by which the virus combined two emergent genetic background vvIBDV for segment A and vvIBDV for segment B. In the current study, a retrospective analysis was conducted, and samples collected during acute outbreaks of Gumboro disease in Poland during 1992-2015 were submitted to sequencing and further molecular and phylogenetic analyses. The results obtained not only revealed a high genetic diversity for Polish IBDV strains but a new population of IBDV was identified. These novel reassortant strains with a unique genetic background contain the segment A from very virulent strains and segment B from an unidentified source, phylogenetically segregated and classified as 'transitional lineage'. The results obtained also showed the presence of this new lineage in Finland, evidencing the expansion of this new genomic reorganized viral strain in Europe representing an additional threat to the global situation of IBDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pikuła
- National Veterinary Research Institut, Puławy, Poland
| | | | - Lester J Perez
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
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Samy A, Courtillon C, Briand FX, Khalifa M, Selim A, Arafa AES, Hegazy A, Eterradossi N, Soubies SM. Continuous circulation of an antigenically modified very virulent infectious bursal disease virus for fifteen years in Egypt. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 78:104099. [PMID: 31676447 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), the agent of an immunosuppressive and sometimes lethal disease in chickens, is causing recurrent outbreaks in broiler chickens in Egypt. In particular, an antigenically modified isolate of very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) called 99323 was detected in Egypt nearly twenty years ago; this isolate was shown to be experimentally controlled by an antigenically classical live vaccine. However, acute IBD is still reported, even in vaccinated flocks, and little is known about the genetic and antigenic properties of viruses currently circulating in Egypt. In the present study, ten samples collected in Egyptian broiler farms in 2015 as well as five samples collected in 2001 were analyzed. Genetic analyses of partial VP2 sequences revealed that 8 isolates clustered with vvIBDV strains, and 5 with tissue culture adapted and vaccine strains. Similar results were observed for partial VP1 sequences with the exception of isolate 160019, for which VP2 clustered with the vaccine strain Bursine while VP1 clustered with vvIBDV, suggesting reassortment. For isolates genetically related to vvIBDV, antigenic profiling revealed two patterns: while some isolates exhibited typical European vvIBDV reactivity with lack of binding of mAbs 5, other revealed extensive antigenic modifications, with lack of binding of mAbs 3, 5, 6, 8 and 9, similar to isolate 99323. These different patterns were associated with a single amino acid mutation at position 321 of VP2 that is located within peak PHI. Full genome sequencing was performed for three isolates, among which two were representative of the two antigenic patterns observed for vvIBDV as well as the reassortant isolate 160019. This study highlights the co-circulation of both antigenically typical and modified vvIBDV during the last fifteen years in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Samy
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Céline Courtillon
- Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, OIE reference laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Ploufragan, 22400, France
| | - François-Xavier Briand
- Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, OIE reference laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Ploufragan, 22400, France
| | - Mohamed Khalifa
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Abdullah Selim
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Abd El Satar Arafa
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hegazy
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Nicolas Eterradossi
- Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, OIE reference laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Ploufragan, 22400, France
| | - Sébastien M Soubies
- Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, OIE reference laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Ploufragan, 22400, France.
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He X, Wang W, Chen G, Jiao P, Ji Z, Yang L, Wei P. Serological study reveal different antigenic IBDV strains prevalent in southern China during the years 2000-2017 and also the antigenic differences between the field strains and the commonly used vaccine strains. Vet Microbiol 2019; 239:108458. [PMID: 31767074 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the antigenic relatedness of Infectious Bursal Disease Viruses (IBDVs) in the field in southern China during the period 2000-2017, as well as the antigenic relationship between the field strains and the most commonly used vaccine strains by using a virus neutralization (VN) test in vitro. The antigenic relatedness (R) value and the difference in VN titers were analyzed, and the antigenic index based on the sequences of the hypervariable region of VP2 (vVP2) of the strains was further evaluated. As a result, the R value of representative field strains showed that there were three subtypes present in the field strains examined, with 7 strains belonging to subtype 1, while strains BH11 and JS7 belonged to subtype 2 and subtype 3, respectively. The commonly used vaccine strains B87 and FW2512 belonged to subtype 1. The analysis of the VN titer differences revealed that all the 136 field strains were classified into subtype 1, except BH11 and JS7. All the field strains in subtype 1 have been divided into at least 5 subgroups, suggesting the antigenic diversity among these strains. The antigenic index based on IBDV-VP2 sequences further confirmed the antigenic differences between the three subtype strains and also the antigenic diversity among the subtype 1. The results demonstrated the antigenic diversity of field IBDVs in southern China during the years 2000-2017 and the antigenic differences between the field strains and the commonly used vaccine strains. This would indicate that the commonly used vaccines are only partially effective. These results enhance our understanding of IBDV genetic evolution and should help to develop more effective vaccines for the control of this disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumiao He
- School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology/Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Utilization of Microbial and Botanical Resources, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, Guangxi 530006, China; Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, Guangxi 530006, China.
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Guo Chen
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Pengtao Jiao
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Zhonghua Ji
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Lin Yang
- School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology/Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Utilization of Microbial and Botanical Resources, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, Guangxi 530006, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
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Molecular characterization of field isolates of infectious bursal disease virus from three decades, 1987-2018, reveals a distinct genotypic subgroup in Vietnam. Arch Virol 2019; 164:2137-2145. [PMID: 31111260 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04287-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The complete nucleotide sequence of the viral protein 2 (VP2) ORF was determined for 26 Vietnamese infectious bursal disease isolates collected from clinical outbreaks in vaccinated flocks from 1987 to 2018 and two commercial vaccine specimens. These sequences were compared for molecular classification with 42 reference strains representing all four main classes of serotype 1, including very virulent (vvIBDV), classical (cvIBDV), antigenic variant (avIBDV) and attenuated (atIBDV) strains, and serotype 2 strains. Amino acids at nine key positions in the VP2-HVR in 20 Vietnamese isolates, A222, I242, Q253, I256, D279, A284, I294, S299, A329, which are typical of the vvIBDV class, were found to be identical in all of the isolates. Eighteen of these isolates had a unique change at residue 212 (D212N) located in the PAB loop. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a distinct lineage/subclade with strong nodal support (96%) that included recent Chinese IBDV strains that were distinct from typical vvIBDVs. Six isolates contained the amino acid substitutions P222, V242, Q253, V256, D279, A284, I294, N299, A329, which are present in two vaccine strains derived from strain 2512 and these isolates were also closely related to the classical virulent STC strain. Data from this study show that there is considerable genetic diversity among vvIBDVs, which vary according to geographic region. Antigenic drift and differences in genetic characteristics between virulent strains and IBDV vaccine strains may be the cause of vaccine failure. Better antigenic matching of vaccines to the strains circulating in Vietnam is therefore required.
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Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan. Virol Sin 2019; 34:102-105. [PMID: 30725319 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-019-00082-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Identification and assessment of virulence of a natural reassortant of infectious bursal disease virus. Vet Res 2018; 49:89. [PMID: 30208951 PMCID: PMC6134583 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0586-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is one of the most important immunosuppressive viral agents in poultry production. Prophylactic vaccinations of chicken flocks are the primary tool for disease control. Widely used immunoprophylaxis can, however, provide high pressure which contributes to the genetic diversification of circulating viruses, e.g. through reassortment of genome segments. We report the genetic and phenotypic characterization of a field reassortant IBDV (designated as Bpop/03) that acquired segment A from very virulent IBDV and segment B from classical attenuated D78-like IBDV. Despite the mosaic genetic make-up, the virus caused high mortality (80%) in experimentally infected SPF chickens and induced lesions typical of the acute form of IBD. The in vivo study results are in contrast with the foregoing experimental investigations in which the natural reassortants exhibited an intermediate pathotype, and underline the complex nature of IBDV virulence.
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Antigenicity characterization of four representative natural reassortment IBDVs isolated from commercial three-yellow chickens from Southern China reveals different subtypes co-prevalent in the field. Vet Microbiol 2018; 219:183-189. [PMID: 29778195 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The antigenic relationships between the natural reassortment field strains of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), and between the field strains and the vaccine strains are poorly understood. In the present study, the antigenicity of four representative natural reassortment IBDV isolates designated JS7, GD10111, NN1005 and NN1172 from southern China during the years 2005-2011 and their antigenic relationship with the most commonly used vaccine strain B87 were investigated in vivo. For this purpose, cross-challenge studies were performed on 28-day-old birds, which were 2 weeks post-vaccination by oil-emulsion vaccines (OEVs) prepared from the four field viruses and B87, respectively. The protection related values (PRV) were evaluated based on the protection rate measured by clinical signs and mortality, bursa/body weight (B/BW) ratio and the viral load in the bursal samples at 3 and 7 days post challenge. As a result, the PRV showed that the isolates NN1172 and GD10111 belonged to the same antigenic subtype, while the isolates NN1005 and JS7 belong to another subtype. The vaccine strain B87 was grouped with the isolates NN1005 and JS7 but actually belongs to another small subgroup and provided only 60-80% protection against the challenge of the four field strains. The results demonstrated that different antigenic subtypes co-existed among the field natural reassortment IBDV strains and the commonly used vaccine strain B87 was antigenically different from the prevalent IBDVs in southern China.
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