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Zhao Y, Han L, Sang H, Liu S, Yang P, Hou Y, Xiao Y. Swine Influenza Viruses Isolated from 2019 to 2022 in Shandong Province, China, Exemplify the Dominant Genotype. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:849. [PMID: 39062628 PMCID: PMC11275327 DOI: 10.3390/genes15070849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Swine influenza viruses (SIVs) have been circulating in swine globally and are potential threats to human health. During the surveillance of SIVs in Shandong Province, China, from 2019 to 2022, 21 reassortant G4 genotype Eurasian avian-like (EA) H1N1 subtypes containing genes from the EA H1N1 (HA and NA), 2009 pandemic (pdm/09) H1N1 virus (PB2, PB1, PA, NP, and M), and classical swine (CS) H1N1 (NS) lineages were isolated. The analysis of the key functional amino acid sites in the isolated viruses showed that two mutation sites (190D and 225E) that preferentially bind to the human α2-6 sialic acid receptor were found in HA. In PB2, three mutation sites (271A, 590S, and 591R) that may increase mammalian fitness and a mutation site (431M) that increases pathogenicity in mice were found. A typical human signature marker that may promote infection in humans, 357K, was found in NP. The viruses could replicate efficiently in mouse lungs and turbinates, and one of the H1N1 isolates could replicate in mouse kidneys and brains without prior adaption, which indicates that the viruses potentially pose a threat to human health. Histopathological results showed that the isolated viruses caused typical bronchopneumonia and encephalitis in mice. The results indicate that G4 genotype H1N1 has potential transmissibility to humans, and surveillance should be enhanced, which could provide important information for assessing the pandemic potential of the viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yihong Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China; (Y.Z.); (L.H.); (H.S.); (S.L.); (P.Y.); (Y.H.)
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2
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Mai Z, Cai M, Hu X, Li M, Ji Y, Li S, Huang J, Liang Q, Ji C, Yi H, Zhang G, Gong L. Protection efficacy of the H1 and H3 bivalent virus-like particle vaccine against swine influenza virus infection. Vet Microbiol 2023; 280:109719. [PMID: 36940524 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Swine influenza (SI) is widely prevalent in pig herds worldwide, causing huge economic losses to the pig industry and public health risks. The traditional inactivated swine influenza virus (SIV) vaccines are produced in chicken embryos, and egg-adaptive substitutions that occur during production process can impact vaccine effectiveness. Thus, developing an SI vaccine that can decrease the dependence on chicken embryos with a high immunogenicity is urgently needed. In this study, the utility of insect cell-derived SIV H1 and H3 bivalent virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines containing HA and M1 proteins of Eurasian avian-like (EA) H1N1 SIV and recent human-like H3N2 SIV were assessed in piglets. Antibody levels were monitored, and the protection efficacy of the vaccine after viral challenge was evaluated and compared with the inactivated vaccine. Results show that piglets produced high hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers of antibodies against H1 and H3 SIV after immunization with SIV VLP vaccine. The neutralizing antibody level was significantly higher in SIV VLP vaccine than in the inactivated vaccine at 6 weeks post vaccination (p < 0.05). Furthermore, piglets immunized with the SIV VLP vaccine were protected against the challenge of H1 and H3 SIV, displaying inhibition of viral replication in piglets, and reduced lung damage. These results show that SIV VLP vaccine has good application prospects, thus laying the foundation for further research and commercialization of SIV VLP vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanzhuo Mai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510462, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510462, China
| | - Mengkai Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510462, China; Meizhou Engineering Research Center for Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, Guangdong Meizhou Vocational and Technical College, Meizhou 514028, China
| | - Xiaokun Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510462, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510462, China
| | - Meidi Li
- Meizhou Engineering Research Center for Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, Guangdong Meizhou Vocational and Technical College, Meizhou 514028, China
| | - Yikuan Ji
- Meizhou Engineering Research Center for Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, Guangdong Meizhou Vocational and Technical College, Meizhou 514028, China
| | - Shaofang Li
- Meizhou Engineering Research Center for Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, Guangdong Meizhou Vocational and Technical College, Meizhou 514028, China
| | - Junmei Huang
- Meizhou Engineering Research Center for Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, Guangdong Meizhou Vocational and Technical College, Meizhou 514028, China
| | - Quanming Liang
- Meizhou Engineering Research Center for Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, Guangdong Meizhou Vocational and Technical College, Meizhou 514028, China
| | - Chihai Ji
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510462, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510462, China
| | - Heyou Yi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510462, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510462, China
| | - Guihong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510462, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510462, China.
| | - Lang Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510462, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510462, China.
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3
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Tang P, Cui EH, Chang WC, Yu C, Wang H, Du EQ, Wang JY. Nanoparticle-Based Bivalent Swine Influenza Virus Vaccine Induces Enhanced Immunity and Effective Protection against Drifted H1N1 and H3N2 Viruses in Mice. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112443. [PMID: 36366541 PMCID: PMC9693272 DOI: 10.3390/v14112443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Swine influenza virus (SIV) circulates worldwide, posing substantial economic loss and disease burden to humans and animals. Vaccination remains the most effective way to prevent SIV infection and transmission. In this study, we evaluated the protective efficacy of a recombinant, baculovirus-insect cell system-expressed bivalent nanoparticle SIV vaccine in mice challenged with drifted swine influenza H1N1 and H3N2 viruses. After a prime-boost immunization, the bivalent nanoparticle vaccine (BNV) induced high levels of hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibodies, virus-neutralization (VN) antibodies, and antigen-specific IgG antibodies in mice, as well as more efficient cytokine levels. The MF59 and CPG1 adjuvant could significantly promote both humoral and cellular immunity of BNV. The MF59 adjuvant showed a balanced Th1/Th2 immune response, and the CPG1 adjuvant tended to show a Th1-favored response. The BALB/c challenge test showed that BNV could significantly reduce lung viral loads and feces viral shedding, and showed fewer lung pathological lesions than those in PBS and inactivated vaccine groups. These results suggest that this novel bivalent nanoparticle swine influenza vaccine can be used as an efficacious vaccine candidate to induce robust immunity and provide broad protection against drifted subtypes in mice. Immune efficacy in pigs needs to be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - En-hui Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Wen-chi Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Chen Yu
- Yangling Carey Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Yangling Carey Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - En-qi Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Yangling Carey Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Correspondence: (E.-q.D.); (J.-y.W.)
| | - Jing-yu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Correspondence: (E.-q.D.); (J.-y.W.)
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4
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Gong L, Chen X, Wang W, Hu X, Zhang G. Different virulence of G4 and G5 Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza viruses in mice. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 105:105374. [PMID: 36208830 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lang Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510462, PR China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China
| | - XiongNan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510462, PR China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Wenru Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510462, PR China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Xiaokun Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510462, PR China
| | - Guihong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510462, PR China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China.
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5
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Cai M, Gan P, Hu X, Mai Z, Ji C, Yi H, Li M, Li S, Ji Y, Huang J, Zhang G, Gong L. Protective effect of bivalent H1N1 and H3N2 VLP vaccines against Eurasian avian-like H1N1 and recent human-like H3N2 influenza viruses in a mouse model. Vet Microbiol 2022; 266:109370. [PMID: 35217323 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Eurasian avian-like (EA) H1N1 swine influenza viruses (SIVs) are currently the most prevalent SIVs in Chinese swine populations, but recent human-like H3N2 SIV subtypes have also been frequently isolated. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop an effective vaccine against both EA H1N1 and recent human-like H3N2 infections. In this study, we utilized the baculovirus expression system to produce virus-like particles (VLPs) containing hemagglutinin protein (HA) and matrix protein (M1) based on A/Swine/Guangdong/YJ4/2014 (H1N1) and A/swine/Guangdong/L22/2010 (H3N2). An immunological experiment showed that in a mouse model, bivalent VLP vaccines against H1N1 and H3N2 can induce stronger humoral and cellular immune responses than whole influenza virus vaccines. Compared with monovalent inactivated vaccines that cannot offer protection against different SIV subtypes, monovalent H1N1 or H3N2 VLP vaccines can provide partial protection against lethal challenge by viruses of different subtypes. Meanwhile, bivalent VLP vaccines against H1N1 and H3N2 can provide full protection against lethal doses of homologous and heterologous viruses belonging to the EA H1N1 or recent human-like H3N2 lineage. These results suggest a promising approach to the development of vaccines against SIVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengkai Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510462, China; Guangdong Meizhou Vocational and Technical College, Meizhou, 514028, China
| | - Ping Gan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510462, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510462, China; Jiangxi Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Nanchang, 330096, China
| | - Xiaokun Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510462, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510462, China
| | - Zhanzhuo Mai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510462, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510462, China
| | - Chihai Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510462, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510462, China
| | - Heyou Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510462, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510462, China
| | - Meidi Li
- Guangdong Meizhou Vocational and Technical College, Meizhou, 514028, China; Meizhou Engineering Research Center for Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, Meizhou, 514028, China
| | - Shaofang Li
- Guangdong Meizhou Vocational and Technical College, Meizhou, 514028, China; Meizhou Engineering Research Center for Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, Meizhou, 514028, China
| | - Yikuan Ji
- Guangdong Meizhou Vocational and Technical College, Meizhou, 514028, China; Meizhou Engineering Research Center for Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, Meizhou, 514028, China
| | - Junmei Huang
- Guangdong Meizhou Vocational and Technical College, Meizhou, 514028, China; Meizhou Engineering Research Center for Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, Meizhou, 514028, China
| | - Guihong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510462, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510462, China.
| | - Lang Gong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510462, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510462, China.
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6
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Chen K, Kong M, Liu J, Jiao J, Zeng Z, Shi L, Bu X, Yan Y, Chen Y, Gao R, Liu X, Wang X, Hu J, Hu S, Jiao X, Liu X, Gu M. Rapid differential detection of subtype H1 and H3 swine influenza viruses using a TaqMan-MGB-based duplex one-step real-time RT-PCR assay. Arch Virol 2021; 166:2217-2224. [PMID: 34091783 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05127-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Swine influenza is an economically important respiratory disease in swine, but it also constantly poses a threat to human health. Therefore, developing rapid, sensitive, and efficient detection methods for swine influenza virus (SIV) is important. By aligning the haemagglutinin (HA) gene sequences of SIVs circulating in China over a 10-year period, an H1 primer-probe set targeting both Eurasian avian-like H1N1 (EA H1N1) and pandemic 2009 H1N1 ((H1N1)pdm09) lineages plus a H3 primer-probe set targeting the prevalent human-like H3N2 (HL H3N2) subtype were designed. Subsequently, a TaqMan-MGB-based duplex one-step real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) assay was established and evaluated. The duplex RT-qPCR has a detection limit of 5 copies/μL of HA plasmid for EA H1N1, (H1N1)pdm09, and HL H3N2 subtype SIVs, and its overall detection sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 91.67% matches that of traditional virus isolation through chicken embryo inoculation using experimentally infected mouse lung samples. The method showed high repeatability both within run and between runs, and there was no cross-reactivity against several other porcine viruses that are commonly circulating in China. Furthermore, the duplex RT-qPCR method revealed a higher prevalence of subtype H1 than subtype H3 in 166 nasal swabs from pigs collected from one slaughterhouse between October and December 2019. This assay could be very helpful in the rapid differential detection and routine surveillance of EA H1N1, (H1N1)pdm09, and HL H3N2 SIVs in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaibiao Chen
- Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Kong
- Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Jiao
- Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zixiong Zeng
- Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liwei Shi
- Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinxin Bu
- Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yayao Yan
- Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruyi Gao
- Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Hu
- Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shunlin Hu
- Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Min Gu
- Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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Zhu J, Jiang Z, Liu J. The matrix gene of pdm/09 H1N1 contributes to the pathogenicity and transmissibility of SIV in mammals. Vet Microbiol 2021; 255:109039. [PMID: 33740730 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The H1N1 influenza virus of swine-origin was responsible for the H1N1 pandemic in 2009 (pdm/09 H1N1), where the virus was transmitted to humans and then spread between people, and its continued circulation has resulted in it becoming a seasonal human flu virus. Since 2016, the matrix (M) gene of pdm/09 H1N1 has been involved in the reassortment of swine influenza viruses (SIVs) in China and has gradually become a dominant genotype in pigs. However, whether M gene substitution will influence the fitness of emerging SIVs remains unclear. Here, we analyzed the biological characteristics of SIVs with the M gene from Eurasian avian-like (EA) SIV or pdm/09 H1N1 in mammals and found that SIVs containing the pdm/09-M gene exhibit stronger virulence in mice, more efficient respiratory droplet transmission between ferrets, and increased transcription of viral genes in A549 cells compared with those containing EA-M. We also determined the functional significance of the pdm/09-M gene in conferring an elevated release of progeny viruses comprised of largely filamentous virions rather than spherical virions. Our study suggests that pdm/09-M plays a crucial role in the genesis of emerging SIVs in terms of the potential prevalence in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junda Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Zhimin Jiang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jinhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China.
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8
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Nasamran C, Janetanakit T, Chiyawong S, Boonyapisitsopa S, Bunpapong N, Prakairungnamthip D, Thontiravong A, Amonsin A. Persistence of pdm2009-H1N1 internal genes of swine influenza in pigs, Thailand. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19847. [PMID: 33199784 PMCID: PMC7669897 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76771-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Swine influenza is one of the important zoonotic diseases of pigs. We conducted a longitudinal survey of swine influenza A viruses (S-IAV) circulating in a pig farm with history of endemic S-IAV infection from 2017 to 2018. The samples were collected from 436 pigs including nasal swab samples (n = 436) and blood samples (n = 436). Our result showed that 18.81% (82/436) were positive for influenza A virus and subsequently 57 S-IAV could be isolated. Then 24 out of 57 S-IAVs were selected for whole genome sequencing and could be subtyped as S-IAV-H1N1 (n = 18) and S-IAV-H3N2 (n = 6). Of 24 S-IAVs, we observed 3 genotypes of S-IAVs including rH1N1 (pdm + 1), rH1N1 (pdm + 2), and rH3N2 (pdm + 2). Since all genotypes of S-IAVs in this study contained internal genes from pdmH1N1-2009, it could be speculated that pdmH1N1-2009 was introduced in a pig farm and then multiple reassorted with endemic S-IAVs to generate diversify S-IAV genotypes. Our study supported and added the evidences that pdmH1N1-2009 and it reassortant have predominately persisted in pig population in Thailand. Thus, monitoring of S-IAVs in pigs, farm workers and veterinarians in pig farms is important and should be routinely conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanakarn Nasamran
- Center of Excellence for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Taveesak Janetanakit
- Center of Excellence for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Supasama Chiyawong
- Center of Excellence for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Supanat Boonyapisitsopa
- Center of Excellence for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Napawan Bunpapong
- Center of Excellence for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Duangduean Prakairungnamthip
- Center of Excellence for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aunyaratana Thontiravong
- Center of Excellence for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Alongkorn Amonsin
- Center of Excellence for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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9
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Cai M, Zhong R, Qin C, Yu Z, Huang J, Wen X, Ji C, Chen Y, Cai Y, Yi H, Gong L, Zhang G. Ser-Leu substitution at P2 position of the hemagglutinin cleavage site attenuates replication and pathogenicity of Eurasian avian-like H1N2 swine influenza viruses. Vet Microbiol 2020; 253:108847. [PMID: 33360319 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Swine influenza viruses not only constitute a potential economic problem for livestock, but also pose a substantial threat to human health. Mutation in the proteolytic cleavage site of hemagglutinin (HA) is recognized as an essential factor of tissue tropism and viral pathogenicity. However, the molecular properties of the cleavage site of Eurasian avian-like swine (EA) H1N2 virus remain largely unknown. In this study, we found a serine-leucine (Ser-Leu) substitution at the P2 position of the HA cleavage site (S328 L) in naturally occurring EA H1N2 virus. To study the effect of this substitution, we used reverse genetics to generate recombinant wild-type and mutant viruses containing a single amino acid mutation at the P2 position in A/swine/Guangdong/YJ28/2014 (YJ28) or A/swine/Guangdong/DG2/2015 (DG2) background. In vitro experiments showed that the Ser-Leu substitution at the P2 position attenuated the viral replication and HA cleavage efficiency. In vivo analyses revealed that, while all mice inoculated with r/DG2-S328 L or r/YJ28 viruses survived, the survival rates of r/DG2- and r/YJ28-L328S-inoculated animals were 20 % and 40 %, respectively. Furthermore, the Ser-Leu substitution at the P2 position attenuated the replication in nasal turbinate and lungs. In summary, this amino acid change may be useful to understand the molecular properties of the cleavage site and be valuable for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengkai Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510462, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510462, China
| | - Ruting Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510462, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510462, China
| | - Chenxiao Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510462, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510462, China
| | - Zhiqing Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510462, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510462, China
| | - Junming Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510462, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510462, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510462, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510462, China
| | - Chihai Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510462, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510462, China
| | - Yongjie Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510462, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510462, China
| | - Yu Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510462, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510462, China
| | - Heyou Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510462, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510462, China
| | - Lang Gong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510462, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510462, China.
| | - Guihong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510462, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510462, China.
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10
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The R251K Substitution in Viral Protein PB2 Increases Viral Replication and Pathogenicity of Eurasian Avian-like H1N1 Swine Influenza Viruses. Viruses 2020; 12:v12010052. [PMID: 31906472 PMCID: PMC7019279 DOI: 10.3390/v12010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Eurasian avian-like swine (EA) H1N1 virus has affected the Chinese swine industry, and human infection cases have been reported occasionally. However, little is known about the pathogenic mechanism of EA H1N1 virus. In this study, we compared the mouse pathogenicity of A/swine/Guangdong/YJ4/2014 (YJ4) and A/swine/Guangdong/MS285/2017 (MS285) viruses, which had similar genotype to A/Hunan/42443/2015 (HuN-like). None of the mice inoculated with 106 TCID50 of YJ4 survived at 7 days post infection, while the survival rate of the MS285 group was 100%. Therefore, a series of single fragment reassortants in MS285 background and two rescued wild-type viruses were generated by using the reverse genetics method, and the pathogenicity analysis revealed that the PB2 gene contributed to the high virulence of YJ4 virus. Furthermore, there were 11 amino acid differences in PB2 between MS285 and YJ4 identified by sequence alignment, and 11 single amino acid mutant viruses were generated in the MS285 background. We found that the R251K mutation significantly increased the virulence of MS285 in mice, contributed to high polymerase activity and enhanced viral genome transcription and replication. These results indicate that PB2-R251K contributes to the virulence of the EA H1N1 virus and provide new insight into future molecular epidemiological surveillance strategies.
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11
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Liu J, Li Z, Cui Y, Yang H, Shan H, Zhang C. Emergence of an Eurasian avian-like swine influenza A (H1N1) virus from mink in China. Vet Microbiol 2019; 240:108509. [PMID: 31902506 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the phenotype and genotype of a fatal influenza/canine distemper virus coinfection found in farmed mink in China. We identified a novel subtype H1N1 influenza virus strain from the lungs of infected mink designated A/Mink/Shandong/1121/2017 (H1N1). The results of phylogenetic analysis of 8 gene fragments of the H1N1 strain showed the virus was a swine origin triple-reassortant H1N1 influenza virus: with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 segments (PB2, PB1, PA, NP and M), Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine segments (HA and NA) and classical swine (NS) lineages. The EID50/0.2 mL of this strain was 10-6.2 and pathogenicity tests were 100 % lethal in a mouse model of infection. We found that while not lethal and lacking any overt signs of infection in mink, the virus could proliferate in the upper respiratory tracts and the animals were converted to seropositive for the HA protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zihe Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanlei Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hu Shan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chuanmei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.
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12
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Yu Z, Cheng K, He H, Wu J. A novel reassortant influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in swine in Shandong Province, eastern China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 67:450-454. [PMID: 31535780 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A (H1N1) viruses are distributed worldwide and pose a threat to public health. Swine, as a natural host and mixing vessel of influenza A (H1N1) virus, play a critical role in the transmission of this virus to humans. Furthermore, swine influenza A (H1N1) viruses have provided all eight genes or some genes to the genomes of influenza strains that historically have caused human pandemics. Hence, persistent surveillance of influenza A (H1N1) virus in swine herds could contribute to the prevention and control of this virus. Here, we report a novel reassortant influenza A (H1N1) virus generated by reassortment between 2009 pandemic H1N1 viruses and swine viruses. We also found that this virus is prevalent in swine herds in Shandong Province, eastern China. Our findings suggest that surveillance of the emergence of the novel reassortant influenza A (H1N1) virus in swine is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Yu
- Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Poultry Diseases Diagnosis and Immunology, Jinan, China.,Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Kaihui Cheng
- Dairy Cattle Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbin He
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiaqiang Wu
- Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Poultry Diseases Diagnosis and Immunology, Jinan, China.,Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
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