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Yokobori N, López B, Ritacco V. The host-pathogen-environment triad: Lessons learned through the study of the multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis M strain. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2022; 134:102200. [PMID: 35339874 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2022.102200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is one of the major obstacles that face the tuberculosis eradication efforts. Drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clones were initially disregarded as a public health threat, because they were assumed to have paid a high fitness cost in exchange of resistance acquisition. However, some genotypes manage to overcome the impact of drug-resistance conferring mutations, retain transmissibility and cause large outbreaks. In Argentina, the HIV-AIDS epidemics fuelled the expansion of the so-called M strain in the early 1990s, which is responsible for the largest recorded multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cluster of Latin America. The aim of this work is to review the knowledge gathered after nearly three decades of multidisciplinary research on epidemiological, microbiological and immunological aspects of this highly successful strain. Collectively, our results indicate that the successful transmission of the M strain could be ascribed to its unaltered virulence, low Th1/Th17 response, a low fitness cost imposed by the resistance conferring mutations and a high resistance to host-related stress. In the early 2000s, the incident cases due to the M strain steadily declined and stabilized in the latest years. Improvements in the management, diagnosis and treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis along with societal factors such as the low domestic and international mobility of the patients affected by this strain probably contributed to the outbreak containment. This stresses the importance of sustaining the public health interventions to avoid the resurgence of this conspicuous multidrug-resistant strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Yokobori
- Servicio de Micobacterias, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, ANLIS "Dr. C. G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina.
| | - Beatriz López
- Departamento de Bacteriología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, ANLIS "Dr. C. G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Viviana Ritacco
- Servicio de Micobacterias, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, ANLIS "Dr. C. G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina.
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Abascal E, Genestet C, Valera A, Herranz M, Martinez-Lirola M, Muñoz P, Dumitrescu O, García de Viedma D. Assessment of closely related Mycobacterium tuberculosis variants with different transmission success and in vitro infection dynamics. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11041. [PMID: 34040136 PMCID: PMC8155013 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90568-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is able to differentiate closely related Mycobacterium tuberculosis variants within the same transmission cluster. Our aim was to evaluate if this higher discriminatory power may help identify and characterize more actively transmitted variants and understand the factors behind their success. We selected a robust MIRU-VNTR-defined cluster from Almería, Spain (22 cases throughout 2003–2019). WGS allowed discriminating, within the same epidemiological setting, between a successfully transmitted variant and seven closely related variants that did not lead to secondary cases, or were involved in self-limiting transmission (one single secondary case). Intramacrophagic growth of representative variants was evaluated in an in vitro infection model using U937 cells. Intramacrophage multiplication ratios (CFUs at Day 4/CFUs at Day 0) were higher for the actively transmitted variant (range 5.3–10.7) than for the unsuccessfully transmitted closely related variants (1.5–3.95). Two SNPs, mapping at the DNA binding domain of DnaA and at kdpD, were found to be specific of the successful variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Abascal
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, C/Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Charlotte Genestet
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, 69007, Lyon, France.,Laboratoire de bactériologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69317, Lyon Cedex 04, France
| | - Ana Valera
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, C/Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Herranz
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, C/Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Patricia Muñoz
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, C/Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oana Dumitrescu
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, 69007, Lyon, France.,Laboratoire de bactériologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69317, Lyon Cedex 04, France
| | - Darío García de Viedma
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, C/Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain. .,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.
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Hirsh J, Kositangool P, Shah A, Radwan Y, Padilla D, Barragan J, Cervantes J. IL-26 mediated human cell activation and antimicrobial activity against Borrelia burgdorferi. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2020; 1:30-36. [PMID: 34841299 PMCID: PMC8610320 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lyme disease is an inflammatory disease caused by infection with Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb). Inflammatory sequelae of Bb infection appear to be refractory to antibiotics. An antimicrobial peptide with the ability to bind the DNA in the tissue could serve as a viable option of treatment for chronic complications of Lyme borreliosis. DNA of Bb can remain in tissues causing a prolonged inflammatory response that lead to chronic joint pain. Here we examined the effect of IL-26, a newly reported antimicrobial protein, against Bb DNA. An antimicrobial effect of IL-26 on the spirochete was observed. In human macrophages, IL-26 treated cells showed an increase in IRF activation upon Bb stimulation. Moreover, IL-26 treated macrophages showed an increased in phagocytic activity compared to untreated cells. Although no Bb DNA degradation was observed using a TUNEL assay run in an agarose gel, a Comet assay on whole bacteria showed cellular and Bb DNA degradation by IL-26. Our results showed that IL-26 (monomer and dimer) has not only the potential to control Bb growth in vitro, but it also enhances the anti-borrelial response of human macrophages. Further research aiming to characterize the role of IL-26 in controlling other aspects of the inflammatory response that could provide insight of its potential therapeutic applications are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Hirsh
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Piya Kositangool
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Aayush Shah
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Yousf Radwan
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Diana Padilla
- Laboratory for Education in Molecular Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, TX, U.S.A
| | - Jose Barragan
- Laboratory for Education in Molecular Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, TX, U.S.A
| | - Jorge Cervantes
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, Texas, U.S.A.,Laboratory for Education in Molecular Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, TX, U.S.A
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