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Rojas de Arias A, Messenger LA, Rolon M, Vega MC, Acosta N, Villalba C, Marcet PL. Dynamics of Triatoma infestans populations in the Paraguayan Chaco: Population genetic analysis of household reinfestation following vector control. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263465. [PMID: 35143523 PMCID: PMC8830694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although domestic infestations by Triatoma infestans have been successfully controlled across Latin America, in areas of the Gran Chaco region, recurrent post-spraying house colonization continues to be a significant challenge, jeopardizing Chagas disease vector control and maintaining active Trypanosoma cruzi transmission. Methodology/Principal findings To investigate the dynamics of triatomine reinfestation in a rural area of the Paraguayan Chaco, genetic characterization (based on 10 microsatellite loci and cytochrome B sequence polymorphisms) was performed on baseline and reinfestant T. infestans (n = 138) from four indigenous communities and adjacent sylvatic sites. House quality and basic economic activities were assessed across the four communities. Significant genetic differentiation was detected among all baseline triatomine populations. Faster reinfestation was observed in the communities with higher infestation rates pre-spraying. Baseline and reinfestant populations from the same communities were not genetically different, but two potentially distinct processes of reinfestation were evident. In Campo Largo, the reinfestant population was likely founded by domestic survivor foci, with reduced genetic diversity relative to the baseline population. However, in 12 de Junio, reinfestant bugs were likely derived from different sources, including survivors from the pre-spraying population and sympatric sylvatic bugs, indicative of gene-flow between these habitats, likely driven by high human mobility and economic activities in adjacent sylvatic areas. Conclusions/Significance Our results demonstrate that sylvatic T. infestans threatens vector control strategies, either as a reinfestation source or by providing a temporary refuge during insecticide spraying. Passive anthropogenic importation of T. infestans and active human interactions with neighboring forested areas also played a role in recolonization. Optimization of spraying, integrated community development and close monitoring of sylvatic areas should be considered when implementing vector control activities in the Gran Chaco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonieta Rojas de Arias
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica (CEDIC/Díaz Gill Medicina Laboratorial /FMB), Asunción, Paraguay
- * E-mail:
| | - Louisa Alexandra Messenger
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria (DPDM), Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC), Entomology Branch, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- American Society for Microbiology, NW Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Miriam Rolon
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica (CEDIC/Díaz Gill Medicina Laboratorial /FMB), Asunción, Paraguay
| | - María Celeste Vega
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica (CEDIC/Díaz Gill Medicina Laboratorial /FMB), Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Nidia Acosta
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, UNA, Asuncion, Paraguay
| | - Cesia Villalba
- Programa Nacional de Control de la Enfermedad de Chagas (SENEPA), Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Paula L. Marcet
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria (DPDM), Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC), Entomology Branch, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
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Pita S, Gómez-Palacio A, Lorite P, Dujardin JP, Chavez T, Villacís AG, Galvão C, Panzera Y, Calleros L, Pereyra-Mello S, Burgueño-Rodríguez G, Panzera F. Multidisciplinary approach detects speciation within the kissing bug Panstrongylus rufotuberculatus populations (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Reduviidae). Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2021; 116:e210259. [PMID: 35137904 PMCID: PMC8815762 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760210259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panstrongylus rufotuberculatus (Hemiptera-Reduviidae) is a triatomine species with a wide geographic distribution and a broad phenotypic variability. In some countries, this species is found infesting and colonising domiciliary ecotopes representing an epidemiological risk factor as a vector of Trypanosoma cruzi, etiological agent of Chagas disease. In spite of this, little is known about P. rufotuberculatus genetic diversity. METHODS Cytogenetic studies and DNA sequence analyses of one nuclear (ITS-2) and two mitochondrial DNA sequences (cyt b and coI) were carried out in P. rufotuberculatus individuals collected in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Mexico. Moreover, a geometric morphometrics study was applied to Bolivian, Colombian, Ecuadorian and French Guiana samples. OBJECTIVES To explore the genetic and phenetic diversity of P. rufotuberculatus from different countries, combining chromosomal studies, DNA sequence analyses and geometric morphometric comparisons. FINDINGS We found two chromosomal groups differentiated by the number of X chromosomes and the chromosomal position of the ribosomal DNA clusters. In concordance, two main morphometric profiles were detected, clearly separating the Bolivian sample from the other ones. Phylogenetic DNA analyses showed that both chromosomal groups were closely related to each other and clearly separated from the remaining Panstrongylus species. High nucleotide divergence of cyt b and coI fragments were observed among P. rufotuberculatus samples from Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Mexico (Kimura 2-parameter distances higher than 9%). MAIN CONCLUSIONS Chromosomal and molecular analyses supported that the two chromosomal groups could represent different closely related species. We propose that Bolivian individuals constitute a new Panstrongylus species, being necessary a detailed morphological study for its formal description. The clear morphometric discrimination based on the wing venation pattern suggests such morphological description might be conclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tamara Chavez
- Instituto Nacional de Laboratorios de Salud, Bolivia
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Santillán-Guayasamín S, Barnabé C, Magallón-Gastelum E, Waleckx E, Yumiseva CA, Grijalva MJ, Villacís AG, Brenière SF. Molecular data supports monophyly of Triatoma dispar complex within genus Triatoma. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 85:104429. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Villacís AG, Dujardin JP, Panzera F, Yumiseva CA, Pita S, Santillán-Guayasamín S, Orozco MI, Mosquera KD, Grijalva MJ. Chagas vectors Panstrongylus chinai (Del Ponte, 1929) and Panstrongylus howardi (Neiva, 1911): chromatic forms or true species? Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:226. [PMID: 32375868 PMCID: PMC7201598 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04097-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chagas disease is a parasitic infection transmitted by “kissing bugs” (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) that has a huge economic impact in Latin American countries. The vector species with the upmost epidemiological importance in Ecuador are Rhodnius ecuadoriensis (Lent & Leon, 1958) and Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille, 1811). However, other species such as Panstrongylus howardi (Neiva, 1911) and Panstrongylus chinai (Del Ponte, 1929) act as secondary vectors due to their growing adaptation to domestic structures and their ability to transmit the parasite to humans. The latter two taxa are distributed in two different regions, they are allopatric and differ mainly by their general color. Their relative morphological similarity led some authors to suspect that P. chinai is a melanic form of P. howardi. Methods The present study explored this question using different approaches: antennal phenotype; geometric morphometrics of heads, wings and eggs; cytogenetics; molecular genetics; experimental crosses; and ecological niche modeling. Results The antennal morphology, geometric morphometrics of head and wing shape and cytogenetic analysis were unable to show distinct differences between the two taxa. However, geometric morphometrics of the eggs, molecular genetics, ecological niche modeling and experimental crosses including chromosomal analyses of the F1 hybrids, in addition to their coloration and current distribution support the hypothesis that P. chinai and P. howardi are separate species. Conclusions Based on the evidence provided here, P. howardi and P. chinai should not be synonymized. They represent two valid, closely related species.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita G Villacís
- Center for Research on Health in Latin America (CISeAL), School of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Quito, Ecuador.,Infectious and Tropical Disease Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Dujardin
- Center for Research on Health in Latin America (CISeAL), School of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Quito, Ecuador.,IRD, UMR 177 IRD-CIRAD INTERTRYP, Campus international de Baillarguet, Montpellier, France
| | - Francisco Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - César A Yumiseva
- Center for Research on Health in Latin America (CISeAL), School of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Sebastián Pita
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Soledad Santillán-Guayasamín
- Center for Research on Health in Latin America (CISeAL), School of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Marco I Orozco
- Center for Research on Health in Latin America (CISeAL), School of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Katherine D Mosquera
- Center for Research on Health in Latin America (CISeAL), School of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Quito, Ecuador.,Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas - ESPE, Sangolquí, Ecuador
| | - Mario J Grijalva
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
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