1
|
Song D, Wang X, Ma Y, Liu NN, Wang H. Beneficial insights into postbiotics against colorectal cancer. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1111872. [PMID: 36969804 PMCID: PMC10036377 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1111872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent and life-threatening cancer types with limited therapeutic options worldwide. Gut microbiota has been recognized as the pivotal determinant in maintaining gastrointestinal (GI) tract homeostasis, while dysbiosis of gut microbiota contributes to CRC development. Recently, the beneficial role of postbiotics, a new concept in describing microorganism derived substances, in CRC has been uncovered by various studies. However, a comprehensive characterization of the molecular identity, mechanism of action, or routes of administration of postbiotics, particularly their role in CRC, is still lacking. In this review, we outline the current state of research toward the beneficial effects of gut microbiota derived postbiotics against CRC, which will represent the key elements of future precision-medicine approaches in the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting gut microbiota to improve treatment outcomes in CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ning-Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Phenotypic and Molecular Detection of Biofilm Formation in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated from Different Clinical Sources in Erbil City. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2023; 15:e2023016. [PMID: 36908866 PMCID: PMC10000948 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2023.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus aureus is an important causative pathogen. The production of biofilms is an important factor and makes these bacteria resistant to antimicrobial therapy. Objectives the current study aimed to assess the prevalence of resistance to antibacterial agents and to evaluate the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of biofilm formation among S. aureus strains. Methods This study included 50 isolates of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and Methicillin-Susceptible S. aureus (MSSA). S. aureus was identified by molecular and conventional methods, and antimicrobial resistance was tested with a disc diffusion method. The biofilm formation was performed through the Microtiter plate method. Strains were subjected to PCR to determine the presence of nuc, mecA, icaA, icaB, icaC, and icaD genes. Results Of the 50 S. aureus isolates, 32(64%) and 18(36%) were MRSA and MSSA, respectively. A large number of MRSA and MSSA isolates showed resistance to Penicillin and Azithromycin, and a lower number of MRSA and MSSA isolates showed resistance to Amikacin Gentamicin. None of the isolates was resistant to Vancomycin. The MRSA strains had significantly higher resistance against antibiotics than MSSA strains (P = 0.0154). All isolates (MRSA and MSSA) were able to produce biofilm with levels ranging from strong (31.25 %), (16.6%) to moderate (53.12%), (50%) to weak (15.6%), (33.3%) respectively. The MRSA strains had a significantly higher biofilm formation ability than the MSSA strains (P = 0.0079). The biofilm-encoding genes were detected among isolates with different frequencies. The majority of S. aureus isolates, 42 (84%), were positive for the icaA. The prevalence rates of the icaB, icaC and icaD genes were found to be 37 (74%), 40 (80%) and 41 (82%), respectively. Conclusions The prevalence of biofilm encoding genes associated with multidrug resistance in S. aureus strains is high. Therefore, identifying epidemiology, molecular characteristics, and biofilm management of S. aureus infection would be helpful.
Collapse
|
3
|
Virulence Potential of Biofilm-Producing Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus coagulans Causing Skin Infections in Companion Animals. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11101339. [PMID: 36289997 PMCID: PMC9598800 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11101339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) account for most bacteria-related pyoderma in companion animals. Emergence of methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP), Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or Staphylococcus coagulans (MRSC), often with multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes, is a public health concern. The study collection comprised 237 staphylococci (S. pseudintermedius (n = 155), S. aureus (n = 55) and S. coagulans (n = 27)) collected from companion animals, previously characterized regarding resistance patterns and clonal lineages. Biofilm production was detected for 51.0% (79/155), 94.6% (52/55) and 88.9% (24/27) of the S. pseudintermedius, S. aureus and S. coagulans, respectively, and was a frequent trait of the predominant S. pseudintermedius and S. aureus clonal lineages. The production of biofilm varied with NaCl supplementation of the growth media. All S. pseudintermedius and S. aureus strains carried icaADB. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis of Galleria mellonella infected with different CoPS revealed a higher virulence potential of S. aureus when compared with other CoPS. Our study highlights a high frequency of biofilm production by prevalent antimicrobial-resistant clonal lineages of CoPS associated with animal pyoderma, potentially related with a higher virulence potential and persistent or recurrent infections.
Collapse
|
4
|
The prevalence of virulence determinants in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from different infections in hospitalized patients in Poland. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5477. [PMID: 35361858 PMCID: PMC8971418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09517-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is responsible for hard-to-treat infections. The presence of 19 virulence genes in 120 MRSA isolates obtained from hospitalized patients and genetic relationships of these isolates were investigated. The eno (100%) and ebps (93.3%) genes encoding laminin- and elastin binding proteins, respectively, were ubiquitous. Other adhesion genes: fib (77.5%), fnbB (41.6%), bbp (40.8%), cna (30.8%) encoding proteins binding fibrinogen, fibronectin, bone sialoprotein and collagen, respectively, and map/eap (62.5%), encoding Eap, were also frequent. The etB and etD genes, encoding exfoliative toxins, were present in 15.6% and 12.5% isolates, respectively. The splA, splE and sspA, encoding serine protease were detected in 100%, 70.8% and 94.2% isolates, respectively. The tst gene, encoding toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 was found in 75% isolates. The cna, map/eap and tst genes were the most common in wound isolates and much less common in blood isolates. We identified 45 different spa types, t003 (21.7%) and t008 (18.8%) being the most common. The t003 was the most frequent among isolates from the respiratory tract (35.5%), while t008 in blood isolates (40%). Identification of virulence factors of MRSA is important for evaluation of pathogen transmission rate and disease development.
Collapse
|
5
|
Khalili H, Najar-Peerayeh S, Mahrooghi M, Mansouri P, Bakhshi B. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization of infectious and non-infectious skin and soft tissue lesions in patients in Tehran. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:282. [PMID: 34657594 PMCID: PMC8521987 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02340-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The most common clinical manifestations of Staphylococcus aureus strains in the community are skin and soft-tissue infections. S. aureus could colonize the body sites and complicate the pathogenesis of skin diseases. S. aureus colonization is a risk factor for severe conditions such as bone and joint infections, pneumonia, bacteremia, and endocarditis. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of S. aureus strains in skin and soft tissue infections and other skin disorders in patients referring to dermatology clinics and to evaluate the antibiotic resistance pattern and molecular characteristics of S. aureus isolates. Methods Skin swabs were collected from the lesional sites in 234 outpatients referring to dermatology clinics in three hospitals in Tehran. Antibiotic susceptibility, biofilm formation, and hemolysis tests were performed for isolates. PCR was done for SCCmec typing, agr grouping, and virulence genes detecting. Results The prevalence of S. aureus strains among patients with skin and soft-tissue infections and other skin lesions was 44.77% (30/67) and 44.91% (75/167), respectively. Also, 59 (56.19%) isolates were MRSA, 35.57% were HA-MRSA, and 30.5% were CA-MRSA. The psmα gene was more prevalent (62.8%) among isolates, followed by hlaα (56.1%), tsst-1 (15.2%) eta (13.3%), etb (6.6%), and pvl (2.8%). The agr specificity groups I, II, III, and IV were identified in 49.5, 21.9, 11.4, and 14.2% of S. aureus isolates, respectively. Most (56%) S. aureus isolates produced a moderate biofilm, and 23.8% of them produced strong biofilms. α-hemolysin (46.6%), β-hemolysin (25.7%), γ-hemolysin (19%), and both α and β-hemolysin (5.7%) were also produced by isolates. Conclusion The present study results indicated high colonization of skin lesions by HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA clones; MRSA strains were more resistant to antibiotics, contained various toxin genes, and were able to form biofilms. Therefore, they could play a vital role in the pathogenesis of various skin diseases; also, they could spread and cause infections in other body sites. Eradication and decolonization strategies could prevent recurrent infections and the spread of resistant strains and improve skin conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haniyeh Khalili
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Najar-Peerayeh
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Mahrooghi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mansouri
- Department of research, Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bita Bakhshi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cardoso Guimarães L, Marques de Souza B, de Oliveira Whitaker C, Abreu F, Barreto Rocha Ferreira R, Dos Santos KRN. Increased biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates on surfaces covered with plasma proteins. J Med Microbiol 2021; 70. [PMID: 34338626 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Biofilm formation is a major virulence factor associated with Staphylococcus aureus infections. However, the influence of plasma proteins on biofilm formation of clinical isolates in vitro remains unclear.Hypotheses. We hypothesized that coating surfaces with plasma proteins might induce biofilm formation by S. aureus of different clonal lineages.Aim. To evaluate biofilm production by clinical S. aureus isolates of different clonal lineages isolated in Rio de Janeiro hospitals and investigated the presence of biofilm-associated genes.Methodology. This study assessed biofilm production of 60 S. aureus isolates in polystyrene microtitre plates with and without fibrinogen or fibronectin. The biochemical composition of the biofilm matrices was determined and the biofilm formation on fibrinogen-coated surfaces was also evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The presence of biofilm-related genes was detected by PCR, and the typing and functionality of agr operon was also evaluated.Results. Most of the isolates (45 %) were weak biofilm producers or non-producers. However, most of them presented a significant increase in biofilm production on plates covered with plasma proteins. There was no significant difference in biofilm formation between methicillin-resistant and -susceptible S. aureus isolates, or between different clonal lineages, except for ST30-IV (weak producers) and ST239-III (strong producers). The fnbB gene was associated with higher biofilm production.Conclusion. An increase in biofilm production in the presence of plasma proteins highlights the importance of investigating biofilm formation by S. aureus clinical isolates under different conditions since this virulence factor contributes to persistent infections and increased resistance to antimicrobials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorrayne Cardoso Guimarães
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruna Marques de Souza
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Abreu
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
VanAken SM, Newton D, VanEpps JS. Improved diagnostic prediction of the pathogenicity of bloodstream isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0241457. [PMID: 33770084 PMCID: PMC7997010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
With an estimated 440,000 active cases occurring each year, medical device associated infections pose a significant burden on the US healthcare system, costing about $9.8 billion in 2013. Staphylococcus epidermidis is the most common cause of these device-associated infections, which typically involve isolates that are multi-drug resistant and possess multiple virulence factors. S. epidermidis is also frequently a benign contaminant of otherwise sterile blood cultures. Therefore, tests that distinguish pathogenic from non-pathogenic isolates would improve the accuracy of diagnosis and prevent overuse/misuse of antibiotics. Attempts to use multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) with machine learning for this purpose had poor accuracy (~73%). In this study we sought to improve the diagnostic accuracy of predicting pathogenicity by focusing on phenotypic markers (i.e., antibiotic resistance, growth fitness in human plasma, and biofilm forming capacity) and the presence of specific virulence genes (i.e., mecA, ses1, and sdrF). Commensal isolates from healthy individuals (n = 23), blood culture contaminants (n = 21), and pathogenic isolates considered true bacteremia (n = 54) were used. Multiple machine learning approaches were applied to characterize strains as pathogenic vs non-pathogenic. The combination of phenotypic markers and virulence genes improved the diagnostic accuracy to 82.4% (sensitivity: 84.9% and specificity: 80.9%). Oxacillin resistance was the most important variable followed by growth rate in plasma. This work shows promise for the addition of phenotypic testing in clinical diagnostic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M. VanAken
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Duane Newton
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - J. Scott VanEpps
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim YJ, Yu HH, Park YJ, Lee, NK, Paik HD. Anti-Biofilm Activity of Cell-Free Supernatant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae against Staphylococcus aureus. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:1854-1861. [PMID: 32958735 PMCID: PMC9728167 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2008.08053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common microorganisms and causes foodborne diseases. In particular, biofilm-forming S. aureus is more resistant to antimicrobial agents and sanitizing treatments than planktonic cells. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the anti-biofilm effects of cell-free supernatant (CFS) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from cucumber jangajji compared to grapefruit seed extract (GSE). CFS and GSE inhibited and degraded S. aureus biofilms. The adhesion ability, auto-aggregation, and exopolysaccharide production of CFS-treated S. aureus, compared to those of the control, were significantly decreased. Moreover, biofilm-related gene expression was altered upon CFS treatment. Scanning electron microscopy images confirmed that CFS exerted anti-biofilm effects against S. aureus. Therefore, these results suggest that S. cerevisiae CFS has anti-biofilm potential against S. aureus strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Jin Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Hee Yu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Jin Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Kyoung Lee,
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Dong Paik
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-2-2049-6011 Fax: +82-2-455-3082 E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|