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Gómez-Palacio A, Pita S, Abad-Franch F, Monsalve Y, Cantillo-Barraza O, Monteiro FA, Pavan MG, Santos WS, Panzera A, Burgueño-Rodríguez G, Panzera F. Molecular and cytogenetic evidence for sibling species in the Chagas disease vector Triatoma maculata. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 37:316-329. [PMID: 36543747 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Triatoma maculata (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) occurs across dry-to-semiarid ecoregions of northern South America, where it transmits Trypanosoma cruzi, causative agent of Chagas disease. Using 207 field-caught specimens from throughout the species' range, mitochondrial(mt) DNA sequence data, and cytogenetics, we investigated inter-population genetic diversity and the phylogenetic affinities of T. maculata. Mitochondrial DNA sequence analyses (cytb and nd4) disclosed a monophyletic T. maculata clade encompassing three distinct geographic groups: Roraima formation (Guiana shield), Orinoco basin, and Magdalena basin (trans-Andean). Between-group cytb distances (11.0-12.8%) were larger than the ~7.5% expected for sister Triatoma species; the most recent common ancestor of these T. maculata groups may date back to the late Miocene. C-heterochromatin distribution and the sex-chromosome location of 45S ribosomal DNA clusters both distinguished Roraima bugs from Orinoco and Magdalena specimens. Cytb genealogies reinforced that T. maculata is not sister to Triatoma pseudomaculata and probably represents an early (middle-late Miocene) offshoot of the 'South American Triatomini lineage'. In sum, we report extensive genetic diversity and deep phylogeographic structuring in T. maculata, suggesting that it may consist of a complex of at least three sibling taxa. These findings have implications for the systematics, population biology, and perhaps medical relevance of T. maculata sensu lato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Gómez-Palacio
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Genética Evolutiva - LIGE, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, Colombia
| | - Sebastián Pita
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Fernando Abad-Franch
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane - Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Yoman Monsalve
- Grupo de Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas - BCEI, Universidad de Antioquia - UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Omar Cantillo-Barraza
- Grupo de Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas - BCEI, Universidad de Antioquia - UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Fernando A Monteiro
- Laboratorio de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Márcio G Pavan
- Laboratorio de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratorio de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Walter S Santos
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane - Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia das Leishmanioses, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - Alejandra Panzera
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Gabriela Burgueño-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Humana, Centro Universitario Regional (CENUR) Litoral Norte-Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Francisco Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Costa J, Dale C, Galvão C, Almeida CE, Dujardin JP. Do the new triatomine species pose new challenges or strategies for monitoring Chagas disease? An overview from 1979-2021. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2021; 116:e210015. [PMID: 34076075 PMCID: PMC8186471 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760210015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease persists as one of the most important, and yet most neglected, diseases in the world, and several changes in its epidemiological aspects have been recorded since its discovery. Currently, some of the most relevant changes are related to: (i) the reduction in the incidence of the endemic due to the control of the most important vectors, Triatoma infestans and Rhodnius prolixus, in many countries; (ii) the migration of human populations spreading cases of the disease throughout the world, from endemic to non-endemic areas, transforming Chagas disease into a global threat; and (iii) new acute cases and deaths caused by oral transmission, especially in the north of Brazil. Despite the reduction in the number of cases, new challenges need to be responded to, including monitoring and control activities aiming to prevent house infestation by the secondary vectors from occurring. In 1979, Lent & Wygodzinsky(1) published the most complete review of the subfamily Triatominae, encompassing 111 recognised species in the taxon. Forty-two years later, 46 new species and one subspecies have been described or revalidated. Here we summarise the new species and contextualise them regarding their ecology, epidemiologic importance, and the obstacles they pose to the control of Chagas disease around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Costa
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biodiversidade Entomológica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Carolina Dale
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biodiversidade Entomológica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Cleber Galvão
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Almeida
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brasil
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia, Campinas, SP, Brasil
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