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Bakleh MZ, Kohailan M, Marwan M, Alhaj Sulaiman A. A Systematic Review and Comprehensive Analysis of mcr Gene Prevalence in Bacterial Isolates in Arab Countries. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:958. [PMID: 39452224 PMCID: PMC11505126 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13100958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The resurgence of colistin has become critical in combating multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. However, the emergence of mobilized colistin resistance (mcr) genes presents a crucial global challenge, particularly in the Arab world, which includes regions with unique conditions and ongoing conflicts in some parts. METHODS To address this issue, a systematic review was conducted using multiple databases, including Cochrane, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Arab World Research Source. RESULTS A total of 153 studies were included, revealing substantial heterogeneity in the prevalence of mcr genes across 15 Arab countries, with notable findings indicating that Egypt and Lebanon reported the highest number of cases. The analysis indicated that the most prevalent sequence types were ST10, ST101, and ST1011, all of which are Escherichia coli strains linked to significant levels of colistin resistance and multiple antimicrobial resistance profiles. CONCLUSIONS By analyzing the diverse findings from different Arab countries, this review lays a critical foundation for future research and highlights the necessity for enhanced surveillance and targeted interventions to address the looming threat of colistin resistance in the region. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42024584379.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouayad Zuheir Bakleh
- Division of Genomics and Precision Medicine, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Muhammad Kohailan
- Qatar Precision Health Institute, Qatar Foundation, Doha P. O. Box 5825, Qatar
| | - Muhammad Marwan
- Division of Biopsychology and Neuroscience, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Abdallah Alhaj Sulaiman
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
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Moussa J, Nassour E, Jisr T, El Chaar M, Tokajian S. Characterization of blaNDM-19-producing IncX3 plasmid isolated from carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiellapneumoniae. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29642. [PMID: 38655329 PMCID: PMC11036045 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The increase in the prevalence of carbapenem-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) is a major threat, with the New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) enzyme-producing CPEs being one of the major causative agents of healthcare settings infections. In this study, we characterized an IncX3 plasmid harboring blaNDM-19 in Lebanon, recovered from three Escherichia coli belonging to ST167 and one Klebsiella pneumoniae belonging to ST16 isolated from a clinical setting. Plasmid analysis using PBRT, Plasmid Finder, and PlasmidSPAdes showed that all four isolates carried a conjugative 47-kb plasmid having blaNDM-19, and was designated as pLAU-NDM19. We constructed a sequence-based maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree and compared pLAU-NDM19 to other representative IncX3 plasmids carrying NDM-variants and showed that it was closely linked to NDM-19 positive IncX3 plasmid from K. pneumoniae reported in China. Our findings also revealed the route mediating resistance transmission, the IncX3 dissemination among Enterobacterales, and the NDM-19 genetic environment. We showed that mobile elements contributed to the variability of IncX3 genomic environment and highlighted that clonal dissemination in healthcare settings facilitated the spread of resistance determinants. Antimicrobial stewardship programs implemented in hospitals should be coupled with genomic surveillance to better understand the mechanisms mediating the mobilization of resistance determinants among nosocomial pathogens and their subsequent clonal dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Moussa
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Elie Nassour
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Tamima Jisr
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Makassed General Hospital, P.O.Box 11-6301, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mira El Chaar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand, P.O. Box 55251, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sima Tokajian
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon
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Diab H, Rahy K, Jisr T, El Chaar M, Abboud E, Tokajian S. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of multi-drug resistant Klebsiella spp. isolates recovered from clinical settings. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 119:105583. [PMID: 38484958 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the gastrointestinal tract and nasopharynx with many being linked to nosocomial infections. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producing and carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae is recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a critical public health concern. In this study, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) - based analysis was performed to understand the molecular epidemiology of multi-drug resistant Klebsiella spp. clinical isolates. Genome comparison, multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and whole-genome-SNP-based phylogenetic analysis (wg-SNP) were used for in-depth molecular characterization. in silico typing was used to determine the resistance genes, virulence factors, Inc. groups, and capsular types. All except one isolate were non-susceptible to meropenem and 89% were non-susceptible to ertapenem and imipenem. blaNDM, blaOXA-48, and blaKPC were the detected carbapenemases with blaNDM-1 found in half of the sequenced genomes. Resistance to colistin was detected in one isolate and was linked to several genetic alterations in crrB, pmrB, and pmrC genes. The most common plasmid type was IncFIB followed by IncR, and the Type 3 fimbriae, encoded by the mrkABCDF operon, was conserved among all isolates. The most common sequence- (ST) and K-type detected were ST147 and K64. The prevelance and the genomic relatedness of ST147 isolates, as shown by the data from SNP-based phylogenetic analysis, PFGE, and genomic clustering, may be an outbreak marker. However, this can only be validated through a more comprehensive study encompassing a wider sampling scheme and over an extended timeframe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Diab
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Kelven Rahy
- Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Tamima Jisr
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Makassed General Hospital, P.O.Box 11-6301, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mira El Chaar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand, P.O.Box: 55251, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Edmond Abboud
- Middle East Institute of Health Hospital, Clinical Laboratory Department, P.O.Box 60-387, Bsalim, Lebanon
| | - Sima Tokajian
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon.
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Xedzro C, Shimamoto T, Yu L, Zuo H, Sugawara Y, Sugai M, Shimamoto T. Emergence of colistin-resistant Enterobacter cloacae and Raoultella ornithinolytica carrying the phosphoethanolamine transferase gene, mcr-9, derived from vegetables in Japan. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0106323. [PMID: 37909761 PMCID: PMC10714742 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01063-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Plasmid-mediated mobile colistin-resistance genes have been recognized as a global threat because they jeopardize the efficacy of colistin in therapeutic practice. Here, we described the genetic features of two mcr-9.1-carrying Gram-negative bacteria with a colistin-resistant phenotype derived from vegetables in Japan. The colistin-resistant mcr-9.1, which has never been detected in vegetables, was located on a large plasmid in Enterobacter cloacae CST17-2 and Raoultella ornithinolytica CST129-1, suggesting a high chance of horizontal gene transfer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of mcr-9 in R. ornithinolytica. This study indicates that fresh vegetables might be a potential source for the transmission of mcr-9 genes encoding resistance to frontline (colistin) and clinically relevant antimicrobials. The study also provides additional consideration for colistin use and the relevance of routine surveillance in epidemiological perspective to curb the continuous spread of mcr alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Xedzro
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Toshi Shimamoto
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Liansheng Yu
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Higashimurayama, Japan
| | - Hui Zuo
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Higashimurayama, Japan
| | - Yo Sugawara
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Higashimurayama, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Sugai
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Higashimurayama, Japan
| | - Tadashi Shimamoto
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
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El Khoury M, Salloum T, Al Kodsi I, Jisr T, El Chaar M, Tokajian S. Whole-genome sequence analysis of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae recovered from hospitalized patients. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2023; 34:150-160. [PMID: 37437842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Carbapenems are among the few effective antibiotics against multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. This study aimed at characterizing the plasmid content and resistome of clinical carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) recovered from 2016 to 2019 from hospitalized patients in Lebanon. METHODS Plasmid typing and whole-genome sequencing were used to study the genomic characteristics of 65 clinical CREs including 27 Escherichia coli, 24 Klebsiella pneumoniae, one Klebsiella quasipneumoniae, three Morganella morganii, three Citrobacter freundii, five Enterobacter hormaechei, and two Serratia marcescens. RESULTS blaOXA-48 (33.8%; n = 22) and blaOXA-48-like genes were among the detected resistance determinants, with two isolates co-harbouring blaNDM-5. Various blaNDM variants, blaNDM-1 (16.9%; n = 11), blaNDM-5 (9.2%; n = 6), blaNDM-7 (9.2%; n = 6), and blaNDM-19 (4.6%; n = 3), different ESBLs, and AmpC β-lactamases were detected. Carbapenem resistance determinants were linked to a variety of incompatibility groups with IncFIB(K) (43.1%; n = 28) being the most prevalent, followed by IncFIA (40.0%), IncL (35.4%), IncX3 (32.3%), IncI1 (32.3%), and IncFIIK (29.2%). CONCLUSIONS We analysed the clonality and resistance determinants of 65 multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterobacteriaceae recovered in the period from 2016 to 2019 from a large tertiary hospital in Lebanon. NDM variants, OXA-48, and OXA-181 were the most prevalent detected carbapenemases and were mostly linked to the dissemination of IncL, IncX3, and IncF. This study reinforces the need to track the spread and dominance of clinically relevant carbapenemase-encoding plasmids in healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria El Khoury
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Tamara Salloum
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Ibrahim Al Kodsi
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Tamima Jisr
- Makassed General Hospital, Hopital Makassed Street, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mira El Chaar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sima Tokajian
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
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Zhu Y, Dou Q, Du L, Wang Y. QseB/QseC: a two-component system globally regulating bacterial behaviors. Trends Microbiol 2023:S0966-842X(23)00046-X. [PMID: 36849330 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
QseB/QseC is a two-component system that is involved in the regulation of multiple bacterial behaviors by regulating quorum sensing, bacterial pathogenicity, and antibiotic resistance. Thus, QseB/QseC could provide a target for new antibiotic development. Recently, QseB/QseC has been found to confer survival advantages to environmental bacteria under stress conditions. The molecular mechanistic understanding of QseB/QseC has become an active area of research and revealed some emerging themes, including a deeper understanding of QseB/QseC regulation in different pathogens and environmental bacteria, the functional difference of QseB/QseC among species, and the possibility of analyzing QseB/QseC evolution. Here, we discuss the progression of QseB/QseC studies and describe several unresolved issues and future directions. Resolving these issues is among the challenges of future QseB/QseC studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Zhu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qin Dou
- College of Marine Life Sciences, and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Liangcheng Du
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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Lumbreras-Iglesias P, de Toro M, Vázquez X, García-Carús E, Rodicio MR, Fernández J. High-risk international clones ST66, ST171 and ST78 of Enterobacter cloacae complex causing blood stream infections in Spain and carrying bla OXA-48 with or without mcr-9. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:272-279. [PMID: 36621205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last years, Enterobacter cloacae complex has become an important threat associated with nosocomial infections (including bacteraemia). These bacteria have the ability to acquire mobile genetic elements with antimicrobial resistance genes, reducing the number of therapies available for treatment of the infections they cause. Multidrug resistant isolates of the E. cloacae complex have been causing blood stream infections in a hospital in northern Spain. The aim of this study was to report the spread of E. cloacae complex isolates carrying blaOXA-48 with or without mcr-9 which were involved in blood stream infections, in a Spanish hospital. METHODS All Enterobacter spp. isolates recovered from blood cultures of patients admitted to a tertiary Spanish hospital, over a five-year period were recovered. Of those, OXA-48-producing isolates were selected for further analysis (19 E. xiangfangensis isolates and a single E. hoffmannii). Bacterial identification, antimicrobial susceptibility, DNA sequencing, molecular typing, resistome analysis and plasmid characterization was performed. RESULTS 20 isolates were positive for blaOXA-48, harbored by IncL/M plasmids. They belonged to the international high-risk clones ST66, ST171 and ST78. They produced the extended-spectrum β-lactamases CTX-M-15 and/or CTX-M-9 and 40 % of them (n = 8) also carried the mcr-9 gene, located on IncHI2 plasmids. However, they were susceptible to colistin. CONCLUSION The presence of blaOXA-48, together with at least one blaCTX-M gene in our multidrug resistant high-risk E. cloacae complex clones is worrisome. Also, the additional presence of mcr-9 in some of them is of concern as it could potentially be transferred into other hosts or acquire mutations that might led to emerging colistin resistance. Surveillance systems are essential to detect these difficult-to-treat bacteria which, apart from causing live-threatening infections, can spread important resistance threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Lumbreras-Iglesias
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Traslational Microbiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - María de Toro
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Xenia Vázquez
- Traslational Microbiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Department of Functional Biology, Microbiology Area, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Enrique García-Carús
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - M Rosario Rodicio
- Traslational Microbiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Department of Functional Biology, Microbiology Area, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Javier Fernández
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Traslational Microbiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Research & Innovation, Artificial Intelligence and Statistical Department, Pragmatech AI Solutions, Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain.
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Yeh TK, Lin HJ, Liu PY, Wang JH, Hsueh PR. Antibiotic resistance in Enterobacter hormaechei. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2022; 60:106650. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2022.106650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chen C, Xu H, Liu R, Hu X, Han J, Wu L, Fu H, Zheng B, Xiao Y. Emergence of Neonatal Sepsis Caused by MCR-9- and NDM-1-Co-Producing Enterobacter hormaechei in China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:879409. [PMID: 35601097 PMCID: PMC9120612 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.879409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes represent an emerging threat to public health. Reports on the prevalence, antimicrobial profiles, and clonality of MCR-9-producing Enterobacter cloacae complex (ECC) isolates on a national scale in China are limited. We screened 3,373 samples from humans, animals, and the environment and identified eleven MCR-9-positive ECC isolates. We further investigated their susceptibility, epidemiology, plasmid profiles, genetic features, and virulence potential. Ten strains were isolated from severe bloodstream infection cases, especially three of them were recovered from neonatal sepsis. Enterobacter hormaechei was the most predominant species among the MCR-9-producing ECC population. Moreover, the co-existence of MCR-9, CTX-M, and SHV-12 encoding genes in MCR-9-positive isolates was globally observed. Notably, mcr-9 was mainly carried by IncHI2 plasmids, and we found a novel ~187 kb IncFII plasmid harboring mcr-9, with low similarity with known plasmids. In summary, our study presented genomic insights into genetic characteristics of MCR-9-producing ECC isolates retrieved from human, animal, and environment samples with one health perspective. This study is the first to reveal NDM-1- and MCR-9-co-producing ECC from neonatal sepsis in China. Our data highlights the risk for the hidden spread of the mcr-9 colistin resistance gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
| | - Ruishan Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinjun Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jianfeng Han
- Sansure Biotech Inc. Medical Affairs Department, National Joint Local Engineering Research Center for Genetic Diagnosis of Infection Diseases and Tumors, Beijing, China
| | - Lingjiao Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Fu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Beiwen Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- Research Units of Infectious Diseases and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Beiwen Zheng, ; Yonghong Xiao,
| | - Yonghong Xiao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- Research Units of Infectious Diseases and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Beiwen Zheng, ; Yonghong Xiao,
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Fan J, Cai H, Fang Y, He J, Zhang L, Xu Q, Yang Y, Leptihn S, Yu Y, Zhao D, Hua X. Molecular Genetic Characteristics of Plasmid-Borne mcr-9 in Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium and Thompson in Zhejiang, China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:852434. [PMID: 35369459 PMCID: PMC8969412 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.852434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is a zoonotic food-borne pathogen threatening public health around the world. As is the case with many other pathogens, the spread of mobilized colistin resistance (mcr) alleles is of grave concern. In this study, totally 689 clinical Salmonella isolates were collected from a local hospital in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China between 2009 and 2018. Resistance genes were screen by PCR. Two mcr-9-positive Salmonella strains S15 and S639 were identified which belong to serotype Typhimurium and Thompson, respectively. We observed that both mcr-9 genes were located on conjugative IncHI2 plasmids which encoded numerous resistance genes, likely facilitating the dissemination of mcr-9 by co-resistance mechanisms. The mcr-9 cassettes encoded on the two plasmids were not identical: downstream of the mcr-9 genes, we found IS1 on one plasmid (pS15), while the other had a WbuC-IS26 (pS639). Despite the presence of mcr-9 cassettes, the strains were not rendered colistin resistant. Yet, it is of epidemiological importance to implement surveillance to be able to observe and possibly control the spread of mcr-9 due to its potential to mediate resistance to the last-resort antibiotic colistin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Fan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Heng Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youhong Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jintao He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linghong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingye Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunxing Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sebastian Leptihn
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh (ZJU-UoE) Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Yunsong Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongdong Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dongdong Zhao,
| | - Xiaoting Hua
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Xiaoting Hua,
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