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Linowiecka K, Slominski AT, Reiter RJ, Böhm M, Steinbrink K, Paus R, Kleszczyński K. Melatonin: A Potential Regulator of DNA Methylation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1155. [PMID: 37371885 PMCID: PMC10295183 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The pineal gland-derived indoleamine hormone, melatonin, regulates multiple cellular processes, ranging from chronobiology, proliferation, apoptosis, and oxidative damage to pigmentation, immune regulation, and mitochondrial metabolism. While melatonin is best known as a master regulator of the circadian rhythm, previous studies also have revealed connections between circadian cycle disruption and genomic instability, including epigenetic changes in the pattern of DNA methylation. For example, melatonin secretion is associated with differential circadian gene methylation in night shift workers and the regulation of genomic methylation during embryonic development, and there is accumulating evidence that melatonin can modify DNA methylation. Since the latter one impacts cancer initiation, and also, non-malignant diseases development, and that targeting DNA methylation has become a novel intervention target in clinical therapy, this review discusses the potential role of melatonin as an under-investigated candidate epigenetic regulator, namely by modulating DNA methylation via changes in mRNA and the protein expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins. Furthermore, since melatonin may impact changes in the DNA methylation pattern, the authors of the review suggest its possible use in combination therapy with epigenetic drugs as a new anticancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Linowiecka
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33125, USA
| | - Andrzej T. Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Markus Böhm
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Kerstin Steinbrink
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ralf Paus
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33125, USA
| | - Konrad Kleszczyński
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Firnau MB, Brieger A. CK2 and the Hallmarks of Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081987. [PMID: 36009534 PMCID: PMC9405757 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Casein kinase 2 (CK2) is commonly dysregulated in cancer, impacting diverse molecular pathways. CK2 is a highly conserved serine/threonine kinase, constitutively active and ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotes. With over 500 known substrates and being estimated to be responsible for up to 10% of the human phosphoproteome, it is of significant importance. A broad spectrum of diverse types of cancer cells has been already shown to rely on disturbed CK2 levels for their survival. The hallmarks of cancer provide a rationale for understanding cancer’s common traits. They constitute the maintenance of proliferative signaling, evasion of growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling of replicative immortality, induction of angiogenesis, the activation of invasion and metastasis, as well as avoidance of immune destruction and dysregulation of cellular energetics. In this work, we have compiled evidence from the literature suggesting that CK2 modulates all hallmarks of cancer, thereby promoting oncogenesis and operating as a cancer driver by creating a cellular environment favorable to neoplasia.
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Sultan A, Parganiha A, Sultan T, Choudhary V, Pati AK. Circadian clock, cell cycle, and breast cancer: an updated review. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2016.1263011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Armiya Sultan
- Chronobiology and Animal Behaviour Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
| | - Arti Parganiha
- Chronobiology and Animal Behaviour Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
- Center for Translational Chronobiology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
| | - Tahira Sultan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Vivek Choudhary
- Regional Cancer Centre, Pt. J.N.M. Medical College, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Memorial Hospital, Raipur, India
| | - Atanu Kumar Pati
- Chronobiology and Animal Behaviour Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
- Center for Translational Chronobiology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
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Ball LJ, Palesh O, Kriegsfeld LJ. The Pathophysiologic Role of Disrupted Circadian and Neuroendocrine Rhythms in Breast Carcinogenesis. Endocr Rev 2016; 37:450-466. [PMID: 27712099 PMCID: PMC5045494 DOI: 10.1210/er.2015-1133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Most physiological processes in the brain and body exhibit daily (circadian) rhythms coordinated by an endogenous master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus that are essential for normal health and functioning. Exposure to sunlight during the day and darkness at night optimally entrains biological rhythms to promote homeostasis and human health. Unfortunately, a major consequence of the modern lifestyle is increased exposure to sun-free environments during the day and artificial lighting at night. Additionally, behavioral disruptions to circadian rhythms (ie, repeated transmeridian flights, night or rotating shift work, or sleep disturbances) have a profound influence on health and have been linked to a number of pathological conditions, including endocrine-dependent cancers. Specifically, night shift work has been identified as a significant risk factor for breast cancer in industrialized countries. Several mechanisms have been proposed by which shift work-induced circadian disruptions promote cancer. In this review, we examine the importance of the brain-body link through which circadian disruptions contribute to endocrine-dependent diseases, including breast carcinogenesis, by negatively impacting neuroendocrine and neuroimmune cells, and we consider preventive measures directed at maximizing circadian health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lonnele J Ball
- Department of Psychology (L.J.B., L.J.K.) and The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (L.J.K.), University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (O.P.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Oxana Palesh
- Department of Psychology (L.J.B., L.J.K.) and The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (L.J.K.), University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (O.P.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Lance J Kriegsfeld
- Department of Psychology (L.J.B., L.J.K.) and The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (L.J.K.), University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (O.P.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
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Fritschi L, Glass D, Heyworth J, Aronson K, Girschik J, Boyle T, Grundy A, Erren T. Hypotheses for mechanisms linking shiftwork and cancer. Med Hypotheses 2011; 77:430-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rahn DA, Ray DK, Schlesinger DJ, Steiner L, Sheehan JP, O'Quigley JM, Rich T. Gamma knife radiosurgery for brain metastasis of nonsmall cell lung cancer: Is there a difference in outcome between morning and afternoon treatment? Cancer 2010; 117:414-20. [PMID: 20830691 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.25423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A Rahn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
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Kolowrat C, Partensky F, Mella-Flores D, Le Corguillé G, Boutte C, Blot N, Ratin M, Ferréol M, Lecomte X, Gourvil P, Lennon JF, Kehoe DM, Garczarek L. Ultraviolet stress delays chromosome replication in light/dark synchronized cells of the marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus marinus PCC9511. BMC Microbiol 2010; 10:204. [PMID: 20670397 PMCID: PMC2921402 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-10-204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus is very abundant in warm, nutrient-poor oceanic areas. The upper mixed layer of oceans is populated by high light-adapted Prochlorococcus ecotypes, which despite their tiny genome (approximately 1.7 Mb) seem to have developed efficient strategies to cope with stressful levels of photosynthetically active and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. At a molecular level, little is known yet about how such minimalist microorganisms manage to sustain high growth rates and avoid potentially detrimental, UV-induced mutations to their DNA. To address this question, we studied the cell cycle dynamics of P. marinus PCC9511 cells grown under high fluxes of visible light in the presence or absence of UV radiation. Near natural light-dark cycles of both light sources were obtained using a custom-designed illumination system (cyclostat). Expression patterns of key DNA synthesis and repair, cell division, and clock genes were analyzed in order to decipher molecular mechanisms of adaptation to UV radiation. RESULTS The cell cycle of P. marinus PCC9511 was strongly synchronized by the day-night cycle. The most conspicuous response of cells to UV radiation was a delay in chromosome replication, with a peak of DNA synthesis shifted about 2 h into the dark period. This delay was seemingly linked to a strong downregulation of genes governing DNA replication (dnaA) and cell division (ftsZ, sepF), whereas most genes involved in DNA repair (such as recA, phrA, uvrA, ruvC, umuC) were already activated under high visible light and their expression levels were only slightly affected by additional UV exposure. CONCLUSIONS Prochlorococcus cells modified the timing of the S phase in response to UV exposure, therefore reducing the risk that mutations would occur during this particularly sensitive stage of the cell cycle. We identified several possible explanations for the observed timeshift. Among these, the sharp decrease in transcript levels of the dnaA gene, encoding the DNA replication initiator protein, is sufficient by itself to explain this response, since DNA synthesis starts only when the cellular concentration of DnaA reaches a critical threshold. However, the observed response likely results from a more complex combination of UV-altered biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kolowrat
- UPMC-Université Paris 06, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France
- CNRS, UMR 7144, Groupe Plancton Océanique, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Frédéric Partensky
- UPMC-Université Paris 06, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France
- CNRS, UMR 7144, Groupe Plancton Océanique, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Daniella Mella-Flores
- UPMC-Université Paris 06, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France
- CNRS, UMR 7144, Groupe Plancton Océanique, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Gildas Le Corguillé
- UPMC-Université Paris 06, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France
- CNRS, FR 2424, Service Informatique et Génomique, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Christophe Boutte
- UPMC-Université Paris 06, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France
- CNRS, UMR 7144, Groupe Plancton Océanique, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Nicolas Blot
- UPMC-Université Paris 06, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France
- CNRS, UMR 7144, Groupe Plancton Océanique, 29680 Roscoff, France
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR CNRS 6023, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Morgane Ratin
- UPMC-Université Paris 06, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France
- CNRS, UMR 7144, Groupe Plancton Océanique, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Martial Ferréol
- CEMAGREF, UR Biologie des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, Laboratoire d'Hydroécologie Quantitative, 3 bis quai Chauveau, CP 220, 69336 Lyon Cedex 09, France
| | - Xavier Lecomte
- UPMC-Université Paris 06, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France
- CNRS, UMR 7144, Groupe Plancton Océanique, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Priscillia Gourvil
- UPMC-Université Paris 06, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France
- CNRS, UMR 7144, Groupe Plancton Océanique, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Jean-François Lennon
- UPMC-Université Paris 06, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - David M Kehoe
- Department of Biology, 1001 East Third Street, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Laurence Garczarek
- UPMC-Université Paris 06, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France
- CNRS, UMR 7144, Groupe Plancton Océanique, 29680 Roscoff, France
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Melatonin and breast cancer: cellular mechanisms, clinical studies and future perspectives. Expert Rev Mol Med 2009; 11:e5. [PMID: 19193248 DOI: 10.1017/s1462399409000982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that the pineal hormone melatonin may protect against breast cancer, and the mechanisms underlying its actions are becoming clearer. Melatonin works through receptors and distinct second messenger pathways to reduce cellular proliferation and to induce cellular differentiation. In addition, independently of receptors melatonin can modulate oestrogen-dependent pathways and reduce free-radical formation, thus preventing mutation and cellular toxicity. The fact that melatonin works through a myriad of signalling cascades that are protective to cells makes this hormone a good candidate for use in the clinic for the prevention and/or treatment of cancer. This review summarises cellular mechanisms governing the action of melatonin and then considers the potential use of melatonin in breast cancer prevention and treatment, with an emphasis on improving clinical outcomes.
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Kang B, Li YY, Chang X, Liu L, Li YX. Modeling the effects of cell cycle M-phase transcriptional inhibition on circadian oscillation. PLoS Comput Biol 2008; 4:e1000019. [PMID: 18369419 PMCID: PMC2267494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2007] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks are endogenous time-keeping systems that temporally organize biological processes. Gating of cell cycle events by a circadian clock is a universal observation that is currently considered a mechanism serving to protect DNA from diurnal exposure to ultraviolet radiation or other mutagens. In this study, we put forward another possibility: that such gating helps to insulate the circadian clock from perturbations induced by transcriptional inhibition during the M phase of the cell cycle. We introduced a periodic pulse of transcriptional inhibition into a previously published mammalian circadian model and simulated the behavior of the modified model under both constant darkness and light–dark cycle conditions. The simulation results under constant darkness indicated that periodic transcriptional inhibition could entrain/lock the circadian clock just as a light–dark cycle does. At equilibrium states, a transcriptional inhibition pulse of certain periods was always locked close to certain circadian phases where inhibition on Per and Bmal1 mRNA synthesis was most balanced. In a light–dark cycle condition, inhibitions imposed at different parts of a circadian period induced different degrees of perturbation to the circadian clock. When imposed at the middle- or late-night phase, the transcriptional inhibition cycle induced the least perturbations to the circadian clock. The late-night time window of least perturbation overlapped with the experimentally observed time window, where mitosis is most frequent. This supports our hypothesis that the circadian clock gates the cell cycle M phase to certain circadian phases to minimize perturbations induced by the latter. This study reveals the hidden effects of the cell division cycle on the circadian clock and, together with the current picture of genome stability maintenance by circadian gating of cell cycle, provides a more comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon of circading gating of cell cycle. Circadian clock and cell cycle are two important biological processes that are essential for nearly all eukaryotes. The circadian clock governs day and night 24 h periodic molecular processes and physiological behaviors, while cell cycle controls cell division process. It has been widely observed that cell division does not occur randomly across day and night, but instead is normally confined to specific times during day and night. These observations suggest that cell cycle events are gated by the circadian clock. Regarding the biological benefit and rationale for this intriguing gating phenomena, it has been postulated that circadian gating helps to maintain genome stability by confining radiation-sensitive cell cycle phases to night. Bearing in mind the facts that global transcriptional inhibition occurs at cell division and transcriptional inhibition shifts circadian phases and periods, we postulate that confining cell division to specific circadian times benefits the circadian clock by removing or minimizing the side effects of cell division on the circadian clock. Our results based on computational simulation in this study show that periodic transcriptional inhibition can perturb the circadian clock by altering circadian phases and periods, and the magnitude of the perturbation is clearly circadian phase dependent. Specifically, transcriptional inhibition initiated at certain circadian phases induced minimal perturbation to the circadian clock. These results provide support for our postulation. Our postulation and results point to the importance of the effect of cell division on the circadian clock in the interaction between circadian and cell cycle and suggest that it should be considered together with other factors in the exploitation of circadian cell cycle interaction, especially the phenomena of circadian gating of cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Kang
- Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Chang
- Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (LL); (Y-XL)
| | - Yi-Xue Li
- Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (LL); (Y-XL)
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Shadan FF. A circadian model for viral persistence. Med Hypotheses 2006; 68:546-53. [PMID: 17030450 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2006.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2006] [Accepted: 08/11/2006] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Persistently infecting DNA viruses depend heavily on host cell DNA synthesis machinery. Replication of cellular and viral DNA is inhibited by mutagenic stress. It is hypothesized that diurnal regulation of viral DNA replication may occur at the level of cell cycle checkpoints and DNA repair, to protect DNA from exposure to UV light or other mutagens. This highly conserved mechanism is traced back to viruses that persist in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Inhibition of viral DNA replication and the cell cycle in response to UV light may represent a functional building block in the evolution of circadian-gated DNA replication. Viral DNA replication appears to be closely linked to the circadian clock by interaction of viral promoters, early viral proteins and transcription factors. It is proposed here that under certain conditions viral oncogene expression is phase-shifted relative to that of tumor suppressor and DNA repair genes. The resulting desynchrony of checkpoint controls and DNA repair from diurnal genotoxic exposure produces cyclic periods of suboptimal response to DNA damage. This temporal vulnerability to genotoxic stress produces a "mutator phenotype" with inherent genome instability. The proposed model delineates areas of research with implications for viral pathogenesis and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad F Shadan
- The Scripps Research Institute and Scripps Clinic, 10666 N. Torrey Pines Road, 403C, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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