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Godoy G, Bernardo C, Casagrande L, Sérgio M, Zanoni J, Perles J, Curi R, Bazotte R. Linseed oil attenuates fatty liver disease in mice fed a high-carbohydrate diet. Braz J Med Biol Res 2023; 56:e12927. [PMID: 37703111 PMCID: PMC10496762 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2023e12927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of linseed oil as a lipid source on liver disease induced by a high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) was evaluated. Adult male Swiss mice received an HCD containing carbohydrates (72.1%), proteins (14.2%), and lipids (4.0%). The Control HCD group (HCD-C) received an HCD containing lard (3.6%) and soybean oil (0.4%) as lipid sources. The L10 and L100 groups received an HCD with 10 and 100% linseed oil as lipid sources, respectively. A group of mice were euthanized before receiving the diets (day 0) and the remaining groups after 56 days of receiving the diets (HCD-C, L10, and L-100 groups). Morphological and histopathological analyses, as well as collagen deposition were evaluated. Perivenous hepatocytes (PVH) of the HCD-C group were larger (P<0.05) than periportal hepatocytes (PPH) in the median lobe (ML) and left lobe (LL). There was a greater (P<0.05) deposition of type I collagen in PPH (vs PVH) and in the ML (vs LL). The ML exhibited a higher proportion of apoptotic bodies, inflammatory infiltrate, and hepatocellular ballooning. All these alterations (hepatocyte size, deposition of type I collagen, apoptotic bodies, inflammatory infiltrate, and hepatocellular ballooning) induced by HCD were prevented or attenuated in L10 and L100 groups. Another indicator of the beneficial effects of linseed oil was the lower (P<0.05) number of binucleated hepatocytes (HCD-C vs L10 or L100 group). In general, the L100 group had greater effects than the L10 group. In conclusion, linseed oil impedes or reduces the liver injury progression induced by an HCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Godoy
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - C.C.O. Bernardo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - L. Casagrande
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - M.L.M. Sérgio
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - J.N. Zanoni
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - J.V.C.M. Perles
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - R. Curi
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Seção de Produção de Imunobiológicos, Centro Bioindustrial, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - R.B. Bazotte
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
- Departamento de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
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Comparative analysis of liver involvement caused by two DENV-2 lineages using an immunocompetent murine model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9723. [PMID: 33958631 PMCID: PMC8102549 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88502-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue (DEN) is the most prevalent arbovirus among humans, and four billion people live at risk of infection. The clinical manifestations of DEN are variable, and the disease may present subclinically or asymptomatically. A quarter of patients develop classical dengue (CD) or severe dengue (SD), which is potentially lethal and involves vascular permeability changes, severe hemorrhage and organ damage. The involvement of the liver is a fairly common feature in DEN, and alterations range from asymptomatic elevation of transaminases to acute liver failure. Since its introduction in Brazil in 1990, two strains of Dengue virus (DENV) serotype 2 (DENV-2) have been detected: Lineage I, which is responsible for an outbreak in 1991, and Lineage II, which caused an epidemic greater than the previous one and had a different epidemiological profile. To date, studies on different strains of the same serotype/genotype and their association with disease severity are scarce. In addition, one of the greatest challenges regarding the study of DEN pathogenesis and the development of drug and vaccine therapies is the absence of an animal model that reproduces the disease as it occurs in humans. The main goals of this study were to assess BALB/c mouse susceptibility experimentally infected by two distinct DENV-2 strains and characterize possible differences in the clinical signs and alterations induced in the liver resulting from those infections. Mice infected by the two DENV-2 lineages gained less weight than uninfected mice; however, their livers were slightly heavier. Increased AST and AST levels were observed in infected mice, and the number of platelets increased in the first 72 h of infection and subsequently decreased. Mice infected with both lineages presented leukocytosis but at different times of infection. The histopathological changes induced by both lineages were similar and comparable to the changes observed in DEN fatal cases. The viral genome was detected in two liver samples. The results demonstrate the susceptibility of BALB/c mice to both DENV-2 lineages and suggest that the changes induced by those strains are similar, although for some parameters, they are manifested at different times of infection.
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TLR4-NLRP3-GSDMD-Mediated Pyroptosis Plays an Important Role in Aggravated Liver Injury of CD38 -/- Sepsis Mice. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:6687555. [PMID: 33860064 PMCID: PMC8026301 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6687555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinically, severe bacterial infection can cause septicemia and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, especially liver injury. CD38 is closely related to many inflammatory pathways, but its role in liver injury caused by bacterial infection remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to discuss the specific role of CD38 in bacterial liver injury. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice (WT, CD38−/− and CD38−/−TLR4mut) were used and stimulated with Escherichia coli (ATCC25922) or PBS, intraperitoneally. After 3 hours of bacterial stimulation, serum was collected to detect ALT and AST concentration, and liver tissue was harvested for hematoxylin and eosin staining and bacterial culture. The mRNA expressions of TLR4, NLRP3, IL-1β, IL-18, and GSDMD were quantitatively determined by RT-qPCR. The expressions of TLR4, MyD88, TRIF, NF-κB p65, NLRP3, GSDMD, and cytokines were detected by Western blot. The expression and localization of ERK1/2 were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The results showed that bacterial stimulation could upregulate the expression of inflammatory cytokines, leading to hepatic dysfunction. Moreover, bacterial stimulation of CD38-deficient mice can aggravate the inflammatory response, the expressions of TLR4, NF-κB, and ERK1/2 were significantly increased, and the biomarkers related to pyroptosis also manifested more obvious pyroptosis. However, TLR4 mutation significantly alleviated inflammation and pyroptosis in the liver caused by bacteria, on the basis of CD38 deficiency. Overall, CD38 knockout exacerbates bacteria-induced liver damage through TLR4-NLRP3-GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis.
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Gurevich I, Burton SA, Munn C, Ohshima M, Goedland ME, Czysz K, Rajesh D. iPSC-derived hepatocytes generated from NASH donors provide a valuable platform for disease modeling and drug discovery. Biol Open 2020; 9:bio055087. [PMID: 33268331 PMCID: PMC7758638 DOI: 10.1242/bio.055087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects 30-40% of adults and 10% of children in the US. About 20% of people with NAFLD develop non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which may lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer, and is projected to be a leading cause of liver transplantation in the near future. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from NASH patients are useful for generating a large number of hepatocytes for NASH modeling applications and identification of potential drug targets. We developed a novel defined in vitro differentiation process to generate cryopreservable hepatocytes using an iPSC panel of NASH donors and apparently healthy normal (AHN) controls. iPSC-derived hepatocytes displayed stage specific phenotypic markers, hepatocyte morphology, with bile canaliculi. Importantly, both fresh and cryopreserved definitive endoderm and hepatoblasts successfully differentiated to pure and functional hepatocytes with increased CYP3A4 activity in response to rifampicin and lipid accumulation upon fatty acid (FA) treatment. End-stage hepatocytes integrated into three-dimensional (3D) liver organoids and demonstrated increased levels of albumin secretion compared to aggregates consisting of hepatocytes alone. End-stage hepatocytes derived from NASH donors demonstrated spontaneous lipidosis without FA supplementation, recapitulating a feature of NASH hepatocytes in vivo Cryopreserved hepatocytes generated by this protocol across multiple donors will provide a critical cell source to facilitate the fundamental understanding of NAFLD/NASH biology and potential high throughput screening applications for preclinical evaluation of therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Gurevich
- Life Science R&D Division, FUJIFILM Cellular Dynamics, Inc., 525 Science Drive, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Sarah A Burton
- Life Science R&D Division, FUJIFILM Cellular Dynamics, Inc., 525 Science Drive, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Christie Munn
- Life Science R&D Division, FUJIFILM Cellular Dynamics, Inc., 525 Science Drive, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Makiko Ohshima
- Life Science R&D Division, FUJIFILM Cellular Dynamics, Inc., 525 Science Drive, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Madelyn E Goedland
- Life Science R&D Division, FUJIFILM Cellular Dynamics, Inc., 525 Science Drive, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Katherine Czysz
- Life Science R&D Division, FUJIFILM Cellular Dynamics, Inc., 525 Science Drive, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Deepika Rajesh
- Life Science R&D Division, FUJIFILM Cellular Dynamics, Inc., 525 Science Drive, Madison, WI 53711, USA
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Adenovirus 5 produces obesity and adverse metabolic, morphological, and functional changes in the long term in animals fed a balanced diet or a high-fat diet: a study on hamsters. Arch Virol 2019; 164:775-786. [PMID: 30666458 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-04132-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adenovirus 5 (Ad-5) infection is a common cause of acute respiratory infections and the main vector used in gene therapy. There are few studies on the relationship of Ad-5 to obesity. In the present study, we evaluated the chronic effects of Ad-5 infection on golden (Syrian) hamsters fed either a balanced diet (BD) or a high-fat diet (HFD). After a single inoculation with Ad-5 (1 × 107 pfu), the body weight of the animals was measured weekly. Medium-term (22 weeks) serum biochemical analyses and long-term (44 weeks) liver morphology, adiposity, and locomotive functionality (movement velocity) assessments were carried out. In the animals fed the BD, adenovirus infection produced hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. In the long term, it produced a 57% increase in epididymal pad fat and a 30% body weight gain compared with uninoculated animals. In addition, morphological changes related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were observed. The animals fed the HFD had similar but more severe changes. In addition, the hamsters presented an obesity paradox: at the end of the study, the animals that had the most morphological and functional changes (significantly reduced movement velocity) had the lowest body weight. Despite the fact that an HFD appears to be a more harmful factor in the long term than adenovirus infection alone, infection could increase the severity of harmful effects in individuals with an HFD. Epidemiological studies are needed to evaluate the effect of adenovirus as a precursor of chronic liver and cardiovascular diseases, including the chronic effects of gene therapy.
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Anzai Á, Marcondes RR, Gonçalves TH, Carvalho KC, Simões MJ, Garcia N, Soares JM, Padmanabhan V, Baracat EC, da Silva IDCG, Maciel GAR. Impaired branched-chain amino acid metabolism may underlie the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-like pathology of neonatal testosterone-treated female rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13167. [PMID: 29030588 PMCID: PMC5640623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13451-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is frequently associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the mechanisms involved in the development of NAFLD in PCOS are not well known. We investigated histological changes and metabolomic profile in the liver of rat models of PCOS phenotype induced by testosterone or estradiol. Two-day old female rats received sc injections of 1.25 mg testosterone propionate (Testos; n = 10), 0.5 mg estradiol benzoate (E2; n = 10), or vehicle (control group, CNT; n = 10). Animals were euthanized at 90-94 d of age and the liver was harvested for histological and metabolomic analyses. Findings showed only Testos group exhibited fatty liver morphology and higher levels of ketogenic and branched-chain amino acids (BCAA). Enrichment analysis showed effects of testosterone on BCAA degradation pathway and mitochondrial enzymes related to BCAA metabolism. Testos group also had a decreased liver fatty acid elongase 2 (ELOVL2) activity. E2 group had reduced lipid and acylcarnitine metabolites in the liver. Both groups had increased organic cation transporters (SLC22A4 and SLC16A9) activity. These findings indicate that neonatal testosterone treatment, but not estradiol, produces histological changes in female rat liver that mimic NAFLD with testosterone-treated rats showing impaired BCAA metabolism and dysfunctions in ELOVL2, SLC22A4 and SLC16A9 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Anzai
- Laboratorio de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM 58), Disciplina de Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246903, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo R Marcondes
- Laboratorio de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM 58), Disciplina de Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246903, Brazil.
| | - Thiago H Gonçalves
- Laboratorio de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM 58), Disciplina de Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246903, Brazil
| | - Kátia C Carvalho
- Laboratorio de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM 58), Disciplina de Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246903, Brazil
| | - Manuel J Simões
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genetica, Disciplina de Histologia e Biologia Estrutural, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 04023900, Brazil
| | - Natália Garcia
- Laboratorio de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM 58), Disciplina de Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246903, Brazil
| | - José M Soares
- Laboratorio de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM 58), Disciplina de Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246903, Brazil
| | - Vasantha Padmanabhan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Edmund C Baracat
- Laboratorio de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM 58), Disciplina de Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246903, Brazil
| | - Ismael D C G da Silva
- Laboratorio de Ginecologia Molecular e Proteomica, Departamento de Ginecologia, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 04024002, Brazil
| | - Gustavo A R Maciel
- Laboratorio de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM 58), Disciplina de Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246903, Brazil.
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7
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Perks KL, Ferreira N, Richman TR, Ermer JA, Kuznetsova I, Shearwood AMJ, Lee RG, Viola HM, Johnstone VPA, Matthews V, Hool LC, Rackham O, Filipovska A. Adult-onset obesity is triggered by impaired mitochondrial gene expression. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1700677. [PMID: 28835921 PMCID: PMC5559209 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1700677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial gene expression is essential for energy production; however, an understanding of how it can influence physiology and metabolism is lacking. Several proteins from the pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) family are essential for the regulation of mitochondrial gene expression, but the functions of the remaining members of this family are poorly understood. We created knockout mice to investigate the role of the PPR domain 1 (PTCD1) protein and show that loss of PTCD1 is embryonic lethal, whereas haploinsufficient, heterozygous mice develop age-induced obesity. The molecular defects and metabolic consequences of mitochondrial protein haploinsufficiency in vivo have not been investigated previously. We show that PTCD1 haploinsufficiency results in increased RNA metabolism, in response to decreased protein synthesis and impaired RNA processing that affect the biogenesis of the respiratory chain, causing mild uncoupling and changes in mitochondrial morphology. We demonstrate that with age, these effects lead to adult-onset obesity that results in liver steatosis and cardiac hypertrophy in response to tissue-specific differential regulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathways. Our findings indicate that changes in mitochondrial gene expression have long-term consequences on energy metabolism, providing evidence that haploinsufficiency of PTCD1 can be a major predisposing factor for the development of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara L. Perks
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Nicola Ferreira
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Tara R. Richman
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Judith A. Ermer
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Irina Kuznetsova
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Anne-Marie J. Shearwood
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Richard G. Lee
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Helena M. Viola
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Victoria P. A. Johnstone
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Vance Matthews
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Livia C. Hool
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Oliver Rackham
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Aleksandra Filipovska
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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8
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Sakinah S, Priya SP, Kumari S, Amira F, K P, Alsaeedy H, Ling MP, Chee HY, Higuchi A, Alarfaj AA, Munusamy MA, Murugan K, Taib CNM, Arulselvan P, Rajan M, Neela VK, Hamat RA, Benelli G, Kumar SS. Impact of dengue virus (serotype DENV-2) infection on liver of BALB/c mice: A histopathological analysis. Tissue Cell 2016; 49:86-94. [PMID: 28034555 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this research, we characterized the histopathological impact of dengue virus (serotype DENV-2) infection in livers of BALB/c mice. The mice were infected with different doses of DENV-2 via intraperitoneal injection and liver tissues were processed for histological analyses and variation was documented. In the BALB/c mouse model, typical liver tissues showed regular hepatocyte architecture, with normal endothelial cells surrounding sinusoid capillary. Based on histopathological observations, the liver sections of BALB/c mice infected by DENV-2 exhibited a loss of cell integrity, with a widening of the sinusoidal spaces. There were marked increases in the infiltration of mononuclear cells. The areas of hemorrhage and micro- and macrovesicular steatosis were noted. Necrosis and apoptosis were abundantly present. The hallmark of viral infection, i.e., cytopathic effects, included intracellular edema and vacuole formation, cumulatively led to sinusoidal and lobular collapse in the liver. The histopathological studies on autopsy specimens of fatal human DENV cases are important to shed light on tissue damage for preventive and treatment modalities, in order to manage future DENV infections. In this framework, the method present here on BALB/c mouse model may be used to study not only the effects of infections by other DENV serotypes, but also to investigate the effects of novel drugs, such as recently developed nano-formulations, and the relative recovery ability with intact immune functions of host.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sakinah
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sivan Padma Priya
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharmilah Kumari
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fatin Amira
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Poorani K
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hiba Alsaeedy
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mok Pooi Ling
- Department of Biomedical Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hui-Yee Chee
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Akon Higuchi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhong-li, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan; Department of Reproduction, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan; Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Alarfaj
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Murugan A Munusamy
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kadarkarai Murugan
- Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Che Norma Mat Taib
- Department of Human Anatomy, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Palanisamy Arulselvan
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mariappan Rajan
- Biomaterials in Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-21, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vasantha Kumari Neela
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rukman Awang Hamat
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via delBorghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; The BioRobotics Institute, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, VialeRinaldoPiaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy
| | - S Suresh Kumar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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9
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Wilson C, Leiblich A, Goberdhan DCI, Hamdy F. The Drosophila Accessory Gland as a Model for Prostate Cancer and Other Pathologies. Curr Top Dev Biol 2016; 121:339-375. [PMID: 28057306 PMCID: PMC5224695 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The human prostate is a gland of the male reproductive tract, which together with the seminal vesicles, is responsible for most seminal fluid production. It is a common site of cancer, and unlike other glands, it typically enlarges in aging men. In flies, the male accessory glands make many major seminal fluid components. Like their human equivalents, they secrete proteins from several conserved families, including proteases, lectins, and cysteine-rich secretory proteins, some of which interact with sperm and affect fertility. A key protein, sex peptide, is not conserved in vertebrates but plays a central role in mediating long-term effects on females after mating. Although postmitotic, one epithelial cell type in the accessory glands, the secondary cell, continues to grow in adults. It secretes microvesicles called exosomes from the endosomal multivesicular body, which, after mating, fuse with sperm. They also appear to affect female postmating behavior. Remarkably, the human prostate epithelium also secretes exosomes, which fuse to sperm in vitro to modulate their activity. Exosomes from prostate and other cancer cells are increasingly proposed to play fundamental roles in modulating the tumor microenvironment and in metastasis. Here we review a diverse accessory gland literature, which highlights functional analogies between the male reproductive glands of flies and humans, and a critical role for extracellular vesicles in allowing seminal fluid to promote male interests within the female. We postulate that secondary cells and prostate epithelial cells use common mechanisms to control growth, secretion, and signaling, which are relevant to prostate and other cancers, and can be genetically dissected in the uniquely tractable fly model.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wilson
- University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - A Leiblich
- University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - F Hamdy
- University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Trivedi PP, Jena GB. Ulcerative colitis-induced hepatic damage in mice: studies on inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative DNA damage and GST-P expression. Chem Biol Interact 2012; 201:19-30. [PMID: 23261717 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There exists a close relationship between ulcerative colitis and various hepatic disorders. The present study was aimed to evaluate the hepatocellular damage in experimental colitis model. Ulcerative colitis was induced in Swiss mice by cyclic treatment with 3% w/v dextran sulfate sodium in drinking water. The severity of colitis was assessed on the basis of disease activity index and colon histology. The effect of ulcerative colitis on the liver was assessed using various biochemical parameters, histological evaluation, sirius red staining, immunohistochemical staining with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine and placental glutathione S-transferase, comet assay (alkaline and modified), Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase-mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling assay and western blot analysis to detect the protein expression of nuclear factor kappa B, cyclooxygenase-2, nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 and NADPH: quinone oxidoreductase-1. Dextran sulfate sodium induced severe colitis in mice as evident from an elevated disease activity index and histological abnormalities. Ulcerative colitis increased the permeability of colon as apparent from a significant reduction in the expression of tight junction protein, occludin. Further, the bacterial translocation assay as well as the analysis of lipopolysaccharide level revealed the existence of various bacterial species in the liver of ulcerative colitis-induced mice. There was a significant increase in the plasma alanine and aspartate transaminases and liver triglyceride levels, expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, inflammatory markers, oxidative stress, fibrosis, oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis in the liver of mice. Moreover, there was an increase in the expression of nuclear factor kappa B and cyclooxygenase-2 and a reduction in the expression of nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 and NADPH: quinone oxidoreductase-1 in the liver of severe ulcerative colitis-induced mice. The results of the present study provide evidence that ulcerative colitis is accompanied with hepatic damage in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Trivedi
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India.
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Al-Seeni M, El-Sawi N, Shaker S, Al-Amoudi A. Investigation of the Biochemical and Histological Changes Induced by Zearalenone Mycotoxin on Liver in Male Mice and the Protective Role of Crude Venom Extracted from Jellyfish <i>Cassiopea Andromeda</i>. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2011.24045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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