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El-Haddad K, El-Zainy MA, Nagy M, Fathy I. De novo regeneration of dentin pulp complex mediated by Adipose derived stem cells in an immunodeficient albino rat model (Histological, histochemical and scanning electron microscopic Study). Saudi Dent J 2024; 36:899-904. [PMID: 38883895 PMCID: PMC11178961 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Dental tissue engineering is an alternative procedure for restoring damaged dental tissues. Adipose-derived stem cells are a new source of cells for regenerative endodontics in combination with scaffold materials. The descriptive data about this regenerative process is still insufficient. Objective To evaluate the regenerative potential of Adipose-derived stem cells using a self-assembling polypeptide scaffold for the dentin-pulp complex in an emptied root canal space. Material and Methods 40 root segments of human single-rooted teeth were transplanted into the albino rats' dorsal subcutaneous tissue. Root segments were divided into two groups: group I contained only a self-assembling polypeptide scaffold, and group II contained fluorescent-labeled Adipose-derived stem cells embedded in a self-assembling polypeptide scaffold. The newly formed tissues were assessed on the 60th and 90th days post-transplantation using routine histological examination, Masson trichrome staining, and scanning electron microscopy. Results Group I showed granulation tissue without any signs of predentin formation or odontoblast-like cells. Group II revealed the presence of predentin tissue along the dentin margin, with arranged odontoblast-like cells. An organized connective tissue with abundant vasculature and calcific masses was observed in the pulp space. Conclusion Adipose-derived stem cells can be considered as alternative stem cells for regenerating the dentin-pulp complex. Dentin pulp complex regeneration utilizing a self-assembling polypeptide scaffold alone would not yield successful results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled El-Haddad
- Department of Basic Oral Medical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Qassim Region, Al-Mulida, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Medhat A El-Zainy
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Nagy
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Iman Fathy
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Hazrati P, Mirtaleb MH, Boroojeni HSH, Koma AAY, Nokhbatolfoghahaei H. Current Trends, Advances, and Challenges of Tissue Engineering-Based Approaches of Tooth Regeneration: A Review of the Literature. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:473-496. [PMID: 35984017 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x17666220818103228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tooth loss is a significant health issue. Currently, this situation is often treated with the use of synthetic materials such as implants and prostheses. However, these treatment modalities do not fully meet patients' biological and mechanical needs and have limited longevity. Regenerative medicine focuses on the restoration of patients' natural tissues via tissue engineering techniques instead of rehabilitating with artificial appliances. Therefore, a tissue-engineered tooth regeneration strategy seems like a promising option to treat tooth loss. OBJECTIVE This review aims to demonstrate recent advances in tooth regeneration strategies and discoveries about underlying mechanisms and pathways of tooth formation. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Whole tooth regeneration, tooth root formation, and dentin-pulp organoid generation have been achieved by using different seed cells and various materials for scaffold production. Bioactive agents are critical elements for the induction of cells into odontoblast or ameloblast lineage. Some substantial pathways enrolled in tooth development have been figured out, helping researchers design their experiments more effectively and aligned with the natural process of tooth formation. CONCLUSION According to current knowledge, tooth regeneration is possible in case of proper selection of stem cells, appropriate design and manufacturing of a biocompatible scaffold, and meticulous application of bioactive agents for odontogenic induction. Understanding innate odontogenesis pathways play a crucial role in accurately planning regenerative therapeutic interventions in order to reproduce teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parham Hazrati
- School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Helia Sadat Haeri Boroojeni
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hanieh Nokhbatolfoghahaei
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Dhillon H, Kaushik M, Sharma R. Regenerative endodontics--Creating new horizons. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 104:676-85. [PMID: 26699211 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Trauma to the dental pulp, physical or microbiologic, can lead to inflammation of the pulp followed by necrosis. The current treatment modality for such cases is non-surgical root canal treatment. The damaged tissue is extirpated and the root canal system prepared. It is then obturated with an inert material such a gutta percha. In spite of advances in techniques and materials, 10%-15% of the cases may end in failure of treatment. Regenerative endodontics combines principles of endodontics, cell biology, and tissue engineering to provide an ideal treatment for inflamed and necrotic pulp. It utilizes mesenchymal stem cells, growth factors, and organ tissue culture to provide treatment. Potential treatment modalities include induction of blood clot for pulp revascularization, scaffold aided regeneration, and pulp implantation. Although in its infancy, successful treatment of damaged pulp tissue has been performed using principles of regenerative endodontics. This field is dynamic and exciting with the ability to shape the future of endodontics. This article highlights the fundamental concepts, protocol for treatment, and possible avenues for research in regenerative endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harnoor Dhillon
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, India
| | - Mamta Kaushik
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, India
| | - Roshni Sharma
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, India
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Tan L, Wang J, Yin S, Zhu W, Zhou G, Cao Y, Cen L. Regeneration of dentin–pulp-like tissue using an injectable tissue engineering technique. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06481c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An injectable tissue engineering technique to regenerate dentin–pulp complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhua Tan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
- Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry
- School of Stomatology
- Ninth People’s Hospital
- Medical College
- Shanghai Jiaotong University
| | - Shuo Yin
- National Tissue Engineering Center of China
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Wenting Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry
- School of Stomatology
- Ninth People’s Hospital
- Medical College
- Shanghai Jiaotong University
| | - Guangdong Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
- Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yilin Cao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
- Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Lian Cen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
- Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
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Dong R, Du J, Wang L, Wang J, Ding G, Wang S, Fan Z. Comparison of long noncoding RNA and mRNA expression profiles in mesenchymal stem cells derived from human periodontal ligament and bone marrow. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:317853. [PMID: 24790996 PMCID: PMC3985196 DOI: 10.1155/2014/317853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in different anatomic locations possess diverse biological activities. Maintaining the pluripotent state and differentiation depend on the expression and regulation of thousands of genes, but it remains unclear which molecular mechanisms underlie MSC diversity. Thus, potential MSC applications are restricted. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in the complex molecular circuitry of cellular processes. We investigated differences in lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles between bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) with lncRNA microarray assays and bioinformatics analysis. In PDLSCs, numerous lncRNAs were significantly upregulated (n = 457) or downregulated (n = 513) compared to BMSCs. Furthermore, 1,578 mRNAs were differentially expressed. These genes implicated cellular pathways that may be associated with MSC characteristics, including apoptosis, MAPK, cell cycle, and Wnt signaling pathway. Signal-net analysis indicated that phospholipase C beta 4, filamin B beta, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II gamma, and the ionotropic glutamate receptor, AMPA 1, had the highest betweenness centrality among significant genes in the differential gene profile network. A comparison between the coding-noncoding gene coexpression networks of PDLSCs and BMSCs identified chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 as a core regulatory factor in MSC biology. These results provided insight into the mechanisms underlying MSC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Dong
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Juan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing 100050, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Gang Ding
- Department of Stomatology, Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang Medical University, No. 4138 Linglong Mountain South Road, Qinzhou 262500, China
| | - Songlin Wang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing 100050, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhipeng Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing 100050, China
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Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells from human umbilical cord tissue into odontoblast-like cells using the conditioned medium of tooth germ cells in vitro. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:218543. [PMID: 23762828 PMCID: PMC3666309 DOI: 10.1155/2013/218543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The easily accessible mesenchymal stem cells in the Wharton's jelly of human umbilical cord tissue (hUCMSCs) have excellent proliferation and differentiation potential, but it remains unclear whether hUCMSCs can differentiate into odontoblasts. In this study, mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from the Wharton's jelly of human umbilical cord tissue using the simple method of tissue blocks culture attachment. UCMSC surface marker expression was then evaluated for the isolated cells using flow cytometry. The third-passage hUCMSCs induced by conditioned medium from developing tooth germ cells (TGC-CM) displayed high alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels (P < 0.001), an enhanced ability to proliferate (P < 0.05), and the presence of mineralized nodules. These effects were not observed in cells treated with regular medium. After induction of hUCMSCs, the results of reverse transcriptional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) indicated that the dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) genes were significantly tested. Additionally, dentin sialoprotein (DSP) and DMP1 demonstrated significant levels of staining in an immunofluorescence analysis. In contrast, the control cells failed to display the characteristics of odontoblasts. Taken together, these results suggest that hUCMSCs can be induced to differentiate into odontoblast-like cells with TGC-CM and provide a novel strategy for tooth regeneration research.
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Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells Explored in the Dental Field. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 130:89-103. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2012_151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Hung CN, Mar K, Chang HC, Chiang YL, Hu HY, Lai CC, Chu RM, Ma CM. A comparison between adipose tissue and dental pulp as sources of MSCs for tooth regeneration. Biomaterials 2011; 32:6995-7005. [PMID: 21696818 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.05.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, several in vivo and in vitro comparisons were performed to test the possibility of using adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), a more convenient cell source than dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), in tooth regeneration. Using an efficient, non-engineering implantation method, we first demonstrated that both implants of ADSCs and DPSCs were able to grow self-assembled new teeth in adult rabbit extraction sockets with high success rate. The stem cells were necessary because the implants grew no tooth without them. A stepwise comparison showed that the regenerated teeth from these two types of adult stem cells were living with nerves and vascular system and remarkably similar to a normal tooth in many details. Further strictly controlled, side-by-side comparisons between the two types of stem cells also showed that the expression patterns of gene markers and the broad differentiation potentials induced by specific methods in vitro were very similar. Although a few differences were found, they did not affect the tested tooth regeneration in vivo or differentiation in vitro. Furthermore, rabbit ADSCs had a higher growth rate and a better senescence resistance in culture. All these findings suggest that ADSCs, one of the richest adult stem cells in mammals, are very similar and useful as DPSCs for regenerative dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Nung Hung
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Bakopoulou A, Leyhausen G, Volk J, Tsiftsoglou A, Garefis P, Koidis P, Geurtsen W. Comparative analysis of in vitro osteo/odontogenic differentiation potential of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP). Arch Oral Biol 2011; 56:709-21. [PMID: 21227403 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the in vitro osteo/odontogenic differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from the dental pulp (dental pulp stem cells - DPSCs) or the apical papilla (stem cells from the apical papilla - SCAP) of permanent developing teeth. DESIGN DPSCs and SCAP cultures were established from impacted third molars of young healthy donors at the stage of root development. Cultures were analysed for stem cell markers, including STRO-1, CD146, CD34 and CD45 using flow cytometry. Cells were then induced for osteo/odontogenic differentiation by media containing dexamethasone, KH(2)PO(4) and β-glycerophosphate. Cultures were analysed for morphology, growth characteristics, mineralization potential (Alizarin Red method) and differentiation markers (dentine sialophosphoprotein-DSPP, bone sialoprotein-BSP, osteocalcin-OCN, alkaline phosphatase-ALP), using immunocytochemistry and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS All DPSCs and SCAP cultures were positive for STRO-1, CD146 and CD34, in percentages varying according to cell type and donor, but negative for CD45. Both types of MSCs displayed an active potential for cellular migration, organization and mineralization, producing 3D mineralized structures. These structures progressively expressed differentiation markers, including DSPP, BSP, OCN, ALP, having the characteristics of osteodentin. SCAP, however, showed a significantly higher proliferation rate and mineralization potential, which might be of significance for their use in bone/dental tissue engineering. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that different types of dental MSCs can be used in tissue engineering/regeneration protocols as an approachable stem cell source for osteo/odontogenic differentiation and biomineralization that could be further applied for stem cell-based clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bakopoulou
- Department of Fixed Prosthesis & Implant Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
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Yu J, Shi J, Jin Y. Current Approaches and Challenges in Making a Bio-Tooth. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2008; 14:307-19. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2008.0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Yu
- Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Junnan Shi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yan Jin
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Department of Oral Histology & Pathology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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