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Rashed ER, El-Hamoly T, El-Sheikh MM, El-Ghazaly MA. Pelargonidin ameliorates reserpine-induced neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptotic cascade: a comparative in vivo study. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:462-471. [PMID: 35289247 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2050750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeting the neuronal mitochondria as a possible intervention to guard against neurodegenerative disorder progression has been investigated in the current work via the administration of pelargonidin (PEL) to rats intoxicated by the mitochondrial toxin reserpine. The main criteria for choosing PEL were its reported antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory activities. METHODS Male albino Wistar rats were randomized into five experimental groups; normal control, reserpinized to induce mitochondrial failure, standard PARP-1-inhibitor 1,5-isoquinolinediol (DIQ)-treated reserpinized, PEL-treated reserpinized, and GSK-3β inhibitor (AR-A 014418) -treated reserpinized. RESULTS PEL administration reversed the reserpine-induced abnormal behaviors marked by decreased catalepsy time. In addition, PEL restored brain glutathione with a reduction in nitric oxide content as compared to the reserpine-challenged group. Meanwhile, it improved neuronal mitochondrial function by the elevation of complex I activity associated with a low ADP/ATP ratio. Likely through its anti-inflammatory effect, PEL reduced the elevation of serum interleukin-1ß level and inhibited serum lactate dehydrogenase activity. These findings are aligned with the reduced expression of cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase-3 proteins, indicating PEL's suppressive effect on the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Those biochemical findings were confirmed through comparable histopathological tissue examination among the experimental groups. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, PEL is a promising candidate for future use in the management of mitochondria-associated neuronal complications via controlling the ongoing inflammatory and degeneration cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engy R Rashed
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Egypt
| | - Tarek El-Hamoly
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Egypt
| | - Marwa M El-Sheikh
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Egypt
| | - Mona A El-Ghazaly
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Egypt
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2
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Rusin A, Li M, Cocchetto A, Seymour C, Mothersill C. Radiation exposure and mitochondrial insufficiency in chronic fatigue and immune dysfunction syndrome. Med Hypotheses 2021; 154:110647. [PMID: 34358921 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic fatigue and Immune Dysfunction Syndrome (CFIDS) is a heterogeneous disease that may be promoted by various environmental stressors, including viral infection, toxin uptake, and ionizing radiation exposure. Previous studies have identified mitochondrial dysfunction in CFIDS patients, including modulation of mitochondrial respiratory chain activity, deletions in the mitochondrial genome, and upregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This paper focuses on radiation effects and hypothesizes that CFIDS is primarily caused by stressor-induced mitochondrial metabolic insufficiency, which results in decreased energy production and anabolic metabolites required for normal cellular metabolism. Furthermore, tissues neighbouring or distant from directly perturbed tissues compensate for this dysfunction, which causes symptoms associated with CFIDS. This hypothesis is justified by reviewing the links between radiation exposure and CFIDS, cancer, immune dysfunction, and induction of oxidative stress. Moreover, the relevance of mitochondria in cellular responses to radiation and metabolism are discussed and putative mitochondrial biomarkers for CFIDS are introduced. Implications for diagnosis are then described, including a potential urine assay and PCR test for mitochondrial genome mutations. Finally, future research needs are offered with an emphasis on where rapid progress may be made to assist the afflicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Rusin
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada.
| | - Megan Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Alan Cocchetto
- National CFIDS Foundation Inc., 103 Aletha Road, Needham, MA USA
| | - Colin Seymour
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
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Vukmirovic D, Seymour C, Mothersill C. Reprint of: Deciphering and simulating models of radiation genotoxicity with CRISPR/Cas9 systems. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 785:108318. [PMID: 32800271 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This short review explores the utility and applications of CRISPR/Cas9 systems in radiobiology. Specifically, in the context of experimentally simulating genotoxic effects of Ionizing Radiation (IR) to determine the contributions from DNA targets and 'Complex Double-Stranded Breaks' (complex DSBs) to the IR response. To elucidate this objective, this review considers applications of CRISPR/Cas9 on nuclear DNA targets to recognize the respective 'nucleocentric' response. The article also highlights contributions from mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) - an often under-recognized target in radiobiology. This objective requires accurate experimental simulation of IR-like effects and parameters with the CRISPR/Cas9 systems. Therefore, the role of anti-CRISPR proteins in modulating enzyme activity to simulate dose rate - an important factor in radiobiology experiments is an important topic of this review. The applications of auxiliary domains on the Cas9 nuclease to simulate oxidative base damage and multiple stressor experiments are also topics of discussion. Ultimately, incorporation of CRISPR/Cas9 experiments into computational parameters in radiobiology models of IR damage and shortcomings to the technology are discussed as well. Altogether, the simulation of IR parameters and lack of damage to non-DNA targets in the CRISPR/Cas9 system lends this rapidly emerging tool as an effective model of IR induced DNA damage. Therefore, this literature review ultimately considers the relevance of complex DSBs to radiobiology with respect to using the CRISPR/Cas9 system as an effective experimental tool in models of IR induced effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusan Vukmirovic
- McMaster University, Radiation Sciences Graduate Program, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Colin Seymour
- McMaster University, Department of Biology, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Carmel Mothersill
- McMaster University, Department of Biology, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada.
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Environmental, Neuro-immune, and Neuro-oxidative Stress Interactions in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4598-4607. [PMID: 32761353 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01939-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS) is a complex, multisystem disease that is characterized by long-term fatigue, exhaustion, disabilities, pain, neurocognitive impairments, gastrointestinal symptoms, and post-exertional malaise, as well as lowered occupational, educational, and social functions. The clinical and biomarker diagnosis of this disorder is hampered by the lack of validated diagnostic criteria and laboratory tests with adequate figures of merit, although there are now many disease biomarkers indicating the pathophysiology of CFS. Here, we review multiple factors, such as immunological and environmental factors, which are associated with CFS and evaluate current concepts on the involvement of immune and environmental factors in the pathophysiology of CFS. The most frequently reported immune dysregulations in CFS are modifications in immunoglobulin contents, changes in B and T cell phenotypes and cytokine profiles, and decreased cytotoxicity of natural killer cells. Some of these immune aberrations display a moderate diagnostic performance to externally validate the clinical diagnosis of CFS, including the expression of activation markers and protein kinase R (PKR) activity. Associated with the immune aberrations are activated nitro-oxidative pathways, which may explain the key symptoms of CFS. This review shows that viral and bacterial infections, as well as nutritional deficiencies, may further aggravate the immune-oxidative pathophysiology of CFS. Targeted treatments with antioxidants and lipid replacement treatments may have some clinical efficacy in CFS. We conclude that complex interactions between immune and nitro-oxidative pathways, infectious agents, environmental factors, and nutritional deficiencies play a role in the pathophysiology of CFS.
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5
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Vukmirovic D, Seymour C, Mothersill C. Deciphering and simulating models of radiation genotoxicity with CRISPR/Cas9 systems. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 783:108298. [PMID: 32386748 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This short review explores the utility and applications of CRISPR/Cas9 systems in radiobiology. Specifically, in the context of experimentally simulating genotoxic effects of Ionizing Radiation (IR) to determine the contributions from DNA targets and 'Complex Double-Stranded Breaks' (complex DSBs) to the IR response. To elucidate this objective, this review considers applications of CRISPR/Cas9 on nuclear DNA targets to recognize the respective 'nucleocentric' response. The article also highlights contributions from mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) - an often under-recognized target in radiobiology. This objective requires accurate experimental simulation of IR-like effects and parameters with the CRISPR/Cas9 systems. Therefore, the role of anti-CRISPR proteins in modulating enzyme activity to simulate dose rate - an important factor in radiobiology experiments is an important topic of this review. The applications of auxiliary domains on the Cas9 nuclease to simulate oxidative base damage and multiple stressor experiments are also topics of discussion. Ultimately, incorporation of CRISPR/Cas9 experiments into computational parameters in radiobiology models of IR damage and shortcomings to the technology are discussed as well. Altogether, the simulation of IR parameters and lack of damage to non-DNA targets in the CRISPR/Cas9 system lends this rapidly emerging tool as an effective model of IR induced DNA damage. Therefore, this literature review ultimately considers the relevance of complex DSBs to radiobiology with respect to using the CRISPR/Cas9 system as an effective experimental tool in models of IR induced effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusan Vukmirovic
- McMaster University, Radiation Sciences Graduate Program, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Colin Seymour
- McMaster University, Department of Biology, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Carmel Mothersill
- McMaster University, Department of Biology, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada.
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Semenova Y, Pivina L, Manatova A, Bjørklund G, Glushkova N, Belikhina T, Dauletyarova M, Zhunussova T. Mental distress in the rural Kazakhstani population exposed and non-exposed to radiation from the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2019; 203:39-47. [PMID: 30849560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the rates of depression, anxiety, somatic distress, and fatigue in a rural population of Abayskiy, Borodulikha and Mayskiy districts exposed to radiation from Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site in comparison with the unexposed population of Kurchum district. The sample size included 901 people, of whom 656 were residents of radioecological contaminated areas, while 245 resided at ecologically safe territories and had no radiation exposure in the past. Both study groups had no significant differences concerning age, sex, level of education, smoking habit, and alcohol consumption. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, somatic distress and fatigue in the exposed group was found to be considerably higher than that in the unexposed. Results of logistic regression analysis showed considerable differences in associations between depression and anxiety, as wells as between depression and somatic distress in the exposed group. Besides, depression was significantly associated with general fatigue, reduced activity, physical fatigue, reduced motivation and mental fatigue in the unexposed group. There is a need to tailor public health interventions focused on the identification and management of individuals exhibiting mental distress, including the provision of adequate information about radiation-induced health effects, quality routine check-ups and psychological counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Semenova
- Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan; CONEM Kazakhstan Environmental Health and Safety Research Group, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Lyudmila Pivina
- Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan; CONEM Kazakhstan Environmental Health and Safety Research Group, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Almira Manatova
- Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan; CONEM Kazakhstan Environmental Health and Safety Research Group, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway.
| | | | - Tatyana Belikhina
- Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan; CONEM Kazakhstan Environmental Health and Safety Research Group, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
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Mothersill C, Seymour C. Old Data-New Concepts: Integrating "Indirect Effects" Into Radiation Protection. HEALTH PHYSICS 2018; 115:170-178. [PMID: 29787443 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To address the following key question, what are the consequences of nontargeted and delayed effects for linear nonthreshold models of radiation risk? This paper considers low-dose "indirect" or nontargeted effects and how they might impact radiation protection, particularly at the level of the environment. Nontargeted effects refer to effects in cells, tissues, or organisms that were not targeted by irradiation and that did not receive direct energy deposition. They include genomic instability and lethal mutations in progeny of irradiated cells and bystander effects in neighboring cells, tissues, or organisms. Low-dose hypersensitivity and adaptive responses are sometimes included under the nontargeted effects umbrella, but these are not considered in this paper. Some concepts emerging in the nontargeted effects field that could be important include historic dose. This suggests that the initial exposure to radiation initiates the instability phenotype which is passed to progeny leading to a transgenerational radiation-response phenotype, which suggests that the system response rather than the individual response is critical in determining outcome. CONCLUSION Nontargeted effects need to be considered, and modeling, experimental, and epidemiological approaches could all be used to determine the impact of nontargeted effects on the currently used linear nonthreshold model in radiation protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmel Mothersill
- 1Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences Department, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Colin Seymour
- Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences Department, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
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Monro JA, Puri BK. A Molecular Neurobiological Approach to Understanding the Aetiology of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (Myalgic Encephalomyelitis or Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease) with Treatment Implications. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:7377-7388. [PMID: 29411266 PMCID: PMC6096969 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0928-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Currently, a psychologically based model is widely held to be the basis for the aetiology and treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)/myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME)/systemic exertion intolerance disease (SEID). However, an alternative, molecular neurobiological approach is possible and in this paper evidence demonstrating a biological aetiology for CFS/ME/SEID is adduced from a study of the history of the disease and a consideration of the role of the following in this disease: nitric oxide and peroxynitrite, oxidative and nitrosative stress, the blood–brain barrier and intestinal permeability, cytokines and infections, metabolism, structural and chemical brain changes, neurophysiological changes and calcium ion mobilisation. Evidence is also detailed for biologically based potential therapeutic options, including: nutritional supplementation, for example in order to downregulate the nitric oxide-peroxynitrite cycle to prevent its perpetuation; antiviral therapy; and monoclonal antibody treatment. It is concluded that there is strong evidence of a molecular neurobiological aetiology, and so it is suggested that biologically based therapeutic interventions should constitute a focus for future research into CFS/ME/SEID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean A Monro
- Breakspear Medical Group, Hemel Hempstead, England, UK
| | - Basant K Puri
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
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9
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Rusin A, Seymour C, Mothersill C. Chronic fatigue and immune deficiency syndrome (CFIDS), cellular metabolism, and ionizing radiation: a review of contemporary scientific literature and suggested directions for future research. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:212-228. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1422871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Rusin
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Colin Seymour
- Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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10
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Le M, Fernandez-Palomo C, McNeill FE, Seymour CB, Rainbow AJ, Mothersill CE. Exosomes are released by bystander cells exposed to radiation-induced biophoton signals: Reconciling the mechanisms mediating the bystander effect. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173685. [PMID: 28278290 PMCID: PMC5344502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to explore a possible molecular mechanism by which ultraviolet (UV) biophotons could elicit bystander responses in reporter cells and resolve the problem of seemingly mutually exclusive mechanisms of a physical UV signal & a soluble factor-mediated bystander signal. METHODS The human colon carcinoma cell line, HCT116 p53 +/+, was directly irradiated with 0.5 Gy tritium beta particles to induce ultraviolet biophoton emission. Bystander cells were not directly irradiated but were exposed to the emitted UV biophotons. Medium was subsequently harvested from UV-exposed bystander cells. The exosomes extracted from this medium were incubated with reporter cell populations. These reporter cells were then assayed for clonogenic survival and mitochondrial membrane potential with and without prior treatment of the exosomes with RNase. RESULTS Clonogenic cell survival was significantly reduced in reporter cells incubated with exosomes extracted from cells exposed to secondarily-emitted UV. These exosomes also induced significant mitochondrial membrane depolarization in receiving reporter cells. Conversely, exosomes extracted from non-UV-exposed cells did not produce bystander effects in reporter cells. The treatment of exosomes with RNase prior to their incubation with reporter cells effectively abolished bystander effects in reporter cells and this suggests a role for RNA in mediating the bystander response elicited by UV biophotons and their produced exosomes. CONCLUSION This study supports a role for exosomes released from UV biophoton-exposed bystander cells in eliciting bystander responses and also indicates a reconciliation between the UV-mediated bystander effect and the bystander effect which has been suggested in the literature to be mediated by soluble factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Le
- Radiation Sciences Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Fiona E. McNeill
- Radiation Sciences Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colin B. Seymour
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Rainbow
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Eshragh J, Dhruva A, Paul SM, Cooper BA, Mastick J, Hamolsky D, Levine JD, Miaskowski C, Kober KM. Associations Between Neurotransmitter Genes and Fatigue and Energy Levels in Women After Breast Cancer Surgery. J Pain Symptom Manage 2017; 53:67-84.e7. [PMID: 27720787 PMCID: PMC5191954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Fatigue is a common problem in oncology patients. Less is known about decrements in energy levels and the mechanisms that underlie both fatigue and energy. OBJECTIVES In patients with breast cancer, variations in neurotransmitter genes between lower and higher fatigue latent classes and between the higher and lower energy latent classes were evaluated. METHODS Patients completed assessments before and monthly for six months after surgery. Growth mixture modeling was used to identify distinct latent classes for fatigue severity and energy levels. Thirty candidate genes involved in various aspects of neurotransmission were evaluated. RESULTS Eleven single-nucleotide polymorphisms or haplotypes (i.e., ADRB2 rs1042718, BDNF rs6265, COMT rs9332377, CYP3A4 rs4646437, GALR1 rs949060, GCH1 rs3783642, NOS1 rs9658498, NOS1 rs2293052, NPY1R Haplotype A04, SLC6A2 rs17841327, and 5HTTLPR + rs25531 in SLC6A4) were associated with latent class membership for fatigue. Seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms or haplotypes (i.e., NOS1 rs471871, SLC6A1 rs2675163, SLC6A1 Haplotype D01, SLC6A2 rs36027, SLC6A3 rs37022, SLC6A4 rs2020942, and TAC1 rs2072100) were associated with latent class membership for energy. Three of 13 genes (i.e., NOS1, SLC6A2, and SLC6A4) were associated with latent class membership for both fatigue and energy. CONCLUSIONS Molecular findings support the hypothesis that fatigue and energy are distinct, yet related symptoms. Results suggest that a large number of neurotransmitters play a role in the development and maintenance of fatigue and energy levels in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Eshragh
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Anand Dhruva
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Steven M Paul
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bruce A Cooper
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Judy Mastick
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Deborah Hamolsky
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jon D Levine
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Kord M Kober
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
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Loganovsky K, Perchuk I, Marazziti D. Workers on transformation of the shelter object of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant into an ecologically-safe system show qEEG abnormalities and cognitive dysfunctions: A follow-up study. World J Biol Psychiatry 2016; 17:600-607. [PMID: 26005105 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2015.1042044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aimed at assessing bioelectric activity and cognitive functions in the workers on the conversion project of the "Shelter" object (SO) of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant into an environmentally safe system. METHODS A total of 196 men were included and examined before (t0) and after (t1) working on the SO in the period 2004-2008. They underwent a qEEG and a battery of neuropsychological and psychiatric assessments. RESULTS At t1, the organized type of qEEG shifted towards the disorganized one. An increase of spectral δ-power in the left frontotemporal area, of θ- and α-power in the left temporal area, with redistribution of α-activity to the front and reduction of dominant frequency in the left temporal area, were registered. Further, neurocognitive tests revealed the presence of mild cognitive disorders at t1. Interestingly, those subjects previously exposed to radiation with no consequences, were more resistant to these detrimental effects. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the disturbances observed may be considered as cognitive symptoms of a chronic fatigue syndrome resulting from the exposure to ionizing radiation. Simple and non-invasive assessments, such as those performed by us, may be helpful to detect early brain changes caused by the presence of radiological risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantyn Loganovsky
- a State Institution "National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine" , Kyiv , Ukraine
| | - Iryna Perchuk
- a State Institution "National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine" , Kyiv , Ukraine
| | - Donatella Marazziti
- b Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
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Fernandez-Palomo C, Schültke E, Bräuer-Krisch E, Laissue JA, Blattmann H, Seymour C, Mothersill C. Investigation of Abscopal and Bystander Effects in Immunocompromised Mice After Exposure to Pencilbeam and Microbeam Synchrotron Radiation. HEALTH PHYSICS 2016; 111:149-159. [PMID: 27356059 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Out-of-field effects are of considerable interest in radiotherapy. The mechanisms are poorly understood but are thought to involve signaling processes, which induce responses in non-targeted cells and tissues. The immune response is thought to play a role. The goal of this research was to study the induction of abscopal effects in the bladders of NU-Foxn1 mice after irradiating their brains using Pencil Beam (PB) or microbeam (MRT) irradiation at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) in Grenoble, France. Athymic nude mice injected with F98 glioma cells into their right cerebral hemisphere 7 d earlier were treated with either MRT or PB. After recovery times of 2, 12, and 48 h, the urinary bladders were extracted and cultured as tissue explants for 24 h. The growth medium containing the potential signaling factors was harvested, filtered, and transferred to HaCaT reporter cells to assess their clonogenic survival and calcium signaling potential. The results show that in the tumor-free mice, both treatment modalities produce strong bystander/abscopal signals using the clonogenic reporter assay; however, the calcium data do not support a calcium channel mediated mechanism. The presence of a tumor reduces or reverses the effect. PB produced significantly stronger effects in the bladders of tumor-bearing animals. The authors conclude that immunocompromised mice produce signals, which can alter the response of unirradiated reporter cells; however, a novel mechanism appears to be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Fernandez-Palomo
- *Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada; †Department of Radiotherapy, Rostock University Medical Center, Südring 75, 18059 Rostock, Germany; ‡European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220 6, rue Jules Horowitz, 38043 Grenoble, France, §University of Bern, Hochschulstrasse 4, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; ** Niederwiesstrasse 13C, Untersiggenthal, Switzerland
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14
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Loganovsky K. Do Low Doses of Ionizing Radiation Affect the Human Brain? DATA SCIENCE JOURNAL 2009. [DOI: 10.2481/dsj.br-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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