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Heym M, Heiland M, Preissner R, Huebel C, Nahles S, Schmidt-Westhausen AM, Preissner S, Hertel M. The risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma in patients with and without somatoform disorders including bruxism: A retrospective evaluation of 309,278 individuals. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1080492. [PMID: 36698388 PMCID: PMC9868766 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1080492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The question arises if there is an association of psycho-emotional stress and chronic soft tissue injuries caused by bruxism somatoform disorders with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods Patients with and without "somatoform disorders including psychogenic disturbances" (International Classification of Diseases [ICD]-10 code F45.8), and/or "unspecific behavioral syndromes" (F59), and/or "sleep related bruxism" (G47.63), and/or "other sleep disorders" (G47.8) were retrieved from the TriNetX network to gain cohort I. Cohort II was formed by patients without the aforementioned diagnoses, and by matching for age, gender, tobacco use, and alcohol abuse. After defining the primary outcome as "OSCC" (ICD-10 codes C00-C14), a Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed, and risk ratio (RR) and odds ratio (OR) were calculated. Results After matching, each cohort accounted for 154,639 patients (59.7% females; 40.3% males; mean current age (± standard deviation) = 43.4 ± 24.5 years). Among cohorts I and II, 907 and 763 patients, respectively, were diagnosed with OSCC within 5 years (risk of OSCC = 0.6% and 0.5%), whereby the risk difference was significant (p < 0.001; Log-Rank test). RR and OR were 1.19 (95% confidence interval (CI), lower = 1.08 and upper = 1.31) and 1.19 (95% CI, 1.08-1.31). Conclusions Psycho-emotional stress and/or chronic mucosal injuries may play a role in carcinogenesis. However, the results need to be interpreted cautiously due to limitations of the applied approach. It may thus far only be concluded that further research is necessary to investigate hypotheses regarding psychogenic carcinogenesis and tumor formation due to chronic tissue trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Heym
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Max Heiland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Preissner
- Institute of Physiology and Science-Information Technology (IT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher Huebel
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College, London, United Kingdom,National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus Business and Social Sciences (BSS), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Susanne Nahles
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Saskia Preissner
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany,*Correspondence: Saskia Preissner,
| | - Moritz Hertel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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Morris G, Berk M, Maes M, Carvalho AF, Puri BK. Socioeconomic Deprivation, Adverse Childhood Experiences and Medical Disorders in Adulthood: Mechanisms and Associations. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:5866-5890. [PMID: 30685844 PMCID: PMC6614134 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1498-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Severe socioeconomic deprivation (SED) and adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are significantly associated with the development in adulthood of (i) enhanced inflammatory status and/or hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction and (ii) neurological, neuroprogressive, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The mechanisms by which these associations take place are detailed. The two sets of consequences are themselves strongly associated, with the first set likely contributing to the second. Mechanisms enabling bidirectional communication between the immune system and the brain are described, including complex signalling pathways facilitated by factors at the level of immune cells. Also detailed are mechanisms underpinning the association between SED, ACE and the genesis of peripheral inflammation, including epigenetic changes to immune system-related gene expression. The duration and magnitude of inflammatory responses can be influenced by genetic factors, including single nucleotide polymorphisms, and by epigenetic factors, whereby pro-inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species and nuclear factor-κB affect gene DNA methylation and histone acetylation and also induce several microRNAs including miR-155, miR-181b-1 and miR-146a. Adult HPA axis activity is regulated by (i) genetic factors, such as glucocorticoid receptor polymorphisms; (ii) epigenetic factors affecting glucocorticoid receptor function or expression, including the methylation status of alternative promoter regions of NR3C1 and the methylation of FKBP5 and HSD11β2; (iii) chronic inflammation and chronic nitrosative and oxidative stress. Finally, it is shown how severe psychological stress adversely affects mitochondrial structure and functioning and is associated with changes in brain mitochondrial DNA copy number and transcription; mitochondria can act as couriers of childhood stress into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Barwon Health, P.O. Box 291, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Barwon Health, P.O. Box 291, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Level 1 North, Main Block, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Kenneth Myer Building, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Barwon Health, P.O. Box 291, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - André F Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction & Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Basant K Puri
- Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Tian L, Hui CW, Bisht K, Tan Y, Sharma K, Chen S, Zhang X, Tremblay ME. Microglia under psychosocial stressors along the aging trajectory: Consequences on neuronal circuits, behavior, and brain diseases. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 79:27-39. [PMID: 28095309 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates the importance of microglia for proper brain development and function, as well as in complex stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders and cognitive decline along the aging trajectory. Considering that microglia are resident immune cells of the brain, a homeostatic maintenance of their effector functions that impact neuronal circuitry, such as phagocytosis and secretion of inflammatory factors, is critical to prevent the onset and progression of these pathological conditions. However, the molecular mechanisms by which microglial functions can be properly regulated under healthy and pathological conditions are still largely unknown. We aim to summarize recent progress regarding the effects of psychosocial stress and oxidative stress on microglial phenotypes, leading to neuroinflammation and impaired microglia-synapse interactions, notably through our own studies of inbred mouse strains, and most importantly, to discuss about promising therapeutic strategies that take advantage of microglial functions to tackle such brain disorders in the context of adult psychosocial stress or aging-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tian
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 4, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland; Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Chin Wai Hui
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Kanchan Bisht
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Yunlong Tan
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaushik Sharma
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Song Chen
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders and Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marie-Eve Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, Canada.
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Djelić N, Radaković M, Spremo-Potparević B, Živković L, Bajić V, Stevanović J, Stanimirović Z. Evaluation of cytogenetic and DNA damage in human lymphocytes treated with adrenaline in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:27-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Schiavone S, Jaquet V, Trabace L, Krause KH. Severe life stress and oxidative stress in the brain: from animal models to human pathology. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:1475-90. [PMID: 22746161 PMCID: PMC3603496 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Severe life stress (SLS), as opposed to trivial everyday stress, is defined as a serious psychosocial event with the potential of causing an impacting psychological traumatism. RECENT ADVANCES Numerous studies have attempted to understand how the central nervous system (CNS) responds to SLS. This response includes a variety of morphological and neurochemical modifications; among them, oxidative stress is almost invariably observed. Oxidative stress is defined as disequilibrium between oxidant generation and the antioxidant response. CRITICAL ISSUES In this review, we discuss how SLS leads to oxidative stress in the CNS, and how the latter impacts pathophysiological outcomes. We also critically discuss experimental methods that measure oxidative stress in the CNS. The review covers animal models and human observations. Animal models of SLS include sleep deprivation, maternal separation, and social isolation in rodents, and the establishment of hierarchy in non-human primates. In humans, SLS, which is caused by traumatic events such as child abuse, war, and divorce, is also accompanied by oxidative stress in the CNS. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The outcome of SLS in humans ranges from resilience, over post-traumatic stress disorder, to development of chronic mental disorders. Defining the sources of oxidative stress in SLS might in the long run provide new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Schiavone
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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