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Anft M, Netter P, Urlaub D, Prager I, Schaffner S, Watzl C. NK cell detachment from target cells is regulated by successful cytotoxicity and influences cytokine production. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 17:347-355. [PMID: 31471588 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0277-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells participate in early immune defenses against pathogens and tumors and play a major role as immune effector and regulatory cells. The NK cell-mediated elimination of an infected or cancerous cell is a highly regulated process that requires the formation of a cell contact, the establishment of an immunological synapse and the polarization and release of lytic granules. Additionally, the detachment of NK cells from target cells is important for NK cells to bind and kill other cells in a process called serial killing. However, very little is known about this detachment process. Here, we show that NK detachment is directly connected to the successful killing of a target cell. The inhibition of killing due to reduced NK cell cytotoxicity or increased target cell resistance results in defective detachment and prolonged contact times. This effect leads to sustained Ca2+ flux in NK cells and the hypersecretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Linking defective cytotoxicity with enhanced cytokine secretion via reduced detachment may explain inflammatory pathologies in several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Anft
- IfADo-Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Petra Netter
- IfADo-Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Doris Urlaub
- IfADo-Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Isabel Prager
- IfADo-Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Samantha Schaffner
- IfADo-Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany.,University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Carsten Watzl
- IfADo-Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany.
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Dulphy N, Chrétien AS, Khaznadar Z, Fauriat C, Nanbakhsh A, Caignard A, Chouaib S, Olive D, Toubert A. Underground Adaptation to a Hostile Environment: Acute Myeloid Leukemia vs. Natural Killer Cells. Front Immunol 2016; 7:94. [PMID: 27014273 PMCID: PMC4783386 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous group of malignancies which incidence increases with age. The disease affects the differentiation of hematopoietic stem or precursor cells in the bone marrow and can be related to abnormal cytogenetic and/or specific mutational patterns. AML blasts can be sensitive to natural killer (NK) cell antitumor response. However, NK cells are frequently defective in AML patients leading to tumor escape. NK cell defects affect not only the expression of the activating NK receptors, including the natural cytotoxicity receptors, the NK group 2, member D, and the DNAX accessory molecule-1, but also cytotoxicity and IFN-γ release. Such perturbations in NK cell physiology could be related to the adaptation of the AML to the immune pressure and more generally to patient’s clinical features. Various mechanisms are potentially involved in the inhibition of NK-cell functions in AML, including defects in the normal lymphopoiesis, reduced expression of activating receptors through cell-to-cell contacts, and production of immunosuppressive soluble agents by leukemic blasts. Therefore, the continuous cross-talk between AML and NK cells participates to the leukemia immune escape and eventually to patient’s relapse. Methods to restore or stimulate NK cells seem to be attractive strategies to treat patients once the complete remission is achieved. Moreover, our capacity in stimulating the NK cell functions could lead to the development of preemptive strategies to eliminate leukemia-initiating cells before the emergence of the disease in elderly individuals presenting preleukemic mutations in hematopoietic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Dulphy
- UMRS-1160, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France; U 1160, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Histocompatibilité, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Chrétien
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Equipe Immunité et Cancer, INSERM, U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258 , Marseille , France
| | - Zena Khaznadar
- UMRS-1160, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France; U 1160, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Fauriat
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Equipe Immunité et Cancer, INSERM, U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258 , Marseille , France
| | | | - Anne Caignard
- UMRS-1160, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France; U 1160, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Daniel Olive
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Equipe Immunité et Cancer, INSERM, U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258 , Marseille , France
| | - Antoine Toubert
- UMRS-1160, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France; U 1160, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Histocompatibilité, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
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