1
|
Hájek M, Chmelař D, Tlapák J, Rybárová V, Ondra P, Halouzka V. Accidental Aluminum Phosphide Intoxication Successfully Treated with Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy: A Case Report. TOXICS 2024; 12:272. [PMID: 38668495 PMCID: PMC11053606 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The most common pesticide agents are organophosphates and phosphides, aluminum phosphide (ALP) in particular. ALP is a major cause of suicidal poisoning in many countries. In other countries, the problem of accidental, mainly occupational-related, poisoning is also real and actual. Almost two thirds of individuals in poisoning cases have died. This case report describes a case of a patient with accidental ALP intoxication. The origin of the poisoning was the fumigation of stored grain in an agricultural building adjacent to the building in which patient was temporarily housed, while both buildings were connected by an underground corridor, through which the released poison gas penetrated. The case was originally presented by the rescuers as well as healthcare professionals of the local hospital as carbon monoxide intoxication, which has a similar symptomatology as ALP intoxication. The patient was treated comprehensively, including using the HBOT method, which is very unique in the case of phosphine intoxication in human medicine, with an excellent final clinical outcome. This was the first described case of HBOT for ALP intoxication in clinical medicine, although the HBOT indication itself became a coincidence in this case. Further studies must be undertaken to demonstrate the effectiveness of HBOT in treating patients with ALP poisoning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Hájek
- Centre of Hyperbaric Medicine, Ostrava City Hospital, 72880 Ostrava, Czech Republic;
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Centre for Hyperbaric Medicine of Faculty of Medicine University of Ostrava and Ostrava City Hospital, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Dittmar Chmelař
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Centre for Hyperbaric Medicine of Faculty of Medicine University of Ostrava and Ostrava City Hospital, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Tlapák
- The Institute of Aviation Medicine, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Rybárová
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Medicolegal Expertises, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, University Hospital, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Peter Ondra
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Medical Law, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Halouzka
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Medical Law, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abdelghafar S, Farrag TA, Zanaty A, Alshater H, Darwish A, Hassanien AE. Pattern and predictors of death from aluminum and zinc phosphide poisoning using multi-kernel optimized relevance vector machine. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8268. [PMID: 37217491 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34489-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of metal phosphides, particularly aluminum phosphide, poses a significant threat to human safety and results in high mortality rates. This study aimed to determine mortality patterns and predictive factors for acute zinc and aluminum phosphide poisoning cases that were admitted to Menoufia University Poison and Dependence Control Center from 2017 to 2021. Statistical analysis revealed that poisoning was more common among females (59.7%), aged between 10 and 20 years, and from rural regions. Most cases were students, and most poisonings were the result of suicidal intentions (78.6%). A new hybrid model named Bayesian Optimization-Relevance Vector Machine (BO-RVM) was proposed to forecast fatal poisoning. The model achieved an overall accuracy of 97%, with high positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) values of 100% and 96%, respectively. The sensitivity was 89.3%, while the specificity was 100%. The F1 score was 94.3%, indicating a good balance between precision and recall. These results suggest that the model performs well in identifying both positive and negative cases. Additionally, the BO-RVM model has a fast and accurate processing time of 379.9595 s, making it a promising tool for various applications. The study underscores the need for public health policies to restrict the availability and use of phosphides in Egypt and adopt effective treatment methods for phosphide-poisoned patients. Clinical suspicion, positive silver nitrate test for phosphine, and analysis of cholinesterase levels are useful in diagnosing metal phosphide poisoning, which can cause various symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Abdelghafar
- Computer Science School, Canadian International College (CIC), Cairo, Egypt
- Scientific Research Group in Egypt (SRGE),
| | - Tamer Ahmed Farrag
- Department of Computer Engineering, MISR Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Azza Zanaty
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University Hospital, Shibin El Kom, Egypt
| | - Heba Alshater
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Menoufia University Hospital, Shibin El Kom, Egypt.
- Scientific Research Group in Egypt (SRGE),, .
| | - Ashraf Darwish
- Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
- Scientific Research Group in Egypt (SRGE),
| | - Aboul Ella Hassanien
- Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Scientific Research Group in Egypt (SRGE),
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mittal N, Elmassry M, Abohelwa M. Refractory cardiogenic shock caused by zinc phosphide toxicity. Proc AMIA Symp 2023; 36:224-225. [PMID: 36876253 PMCID: PMC9980473 DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2022.2136920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc phosphide toxicity is a rare entity that presents most frequently among farmers in developing countries who use it as a rodenticide. The phosphine gas released after the ingestion inhibits cytochrome c oxidase, disrupting the mitochondrial physiology and oxidative phosphorylation and causing myocardial stunning. Here we present a case of a 20-year-old man who attempted suicide with zinc phosphide toxicity. Initially, he was hemodynamically stable with a normal ejection fraction; however, in a few hours, he deteriorated quickly and became hemodynamically unstable, with rapid deterioration of his ejection fraction to 20%. He was started on norepinephrine and then dobutamine; however, he had cardiac arrest from refractory cardiogenic shock despite resuscitative measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Mittal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Mohamed Elmassry
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Mostafa Abohelwa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Naddafi M, Mehrizi AA, Eghbal MA, Khansari MG, Azarmi Y, Sattari MR, Karaman C, Karimi F, Alizadeh M, Yazdani MN, Hosseinpour P. Reducing the risk of death induced by aluminum phosphide poisoning: The new therapies. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 294:133800. [PMID: 35101429 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Numerous people suffer from accidental or deliberate exposure to different pesticides when poisoning with aluminum phosphate (AlP) is increasing in the eastern countries. Aluminum phosphate is a conventional insecticide that quickly reacts with water or the moistures in the atmosphere and produces fatal phosphine gas, which absorbs quickly by the body. Oral consumption or inhalation of AlP leads to excessive reaction of the body such as fatigue, vomiting, fever, palpitation, vasodilatory shock, increasing blood pressure, cardiac dysfunction, pulmonary congestion, shortness of breath, and death. The garlic smell from the patient's mouth or exhale is one of the methods to recognize the positioning. Due to the lack of individual antidotes, several supportive treatments are required. The present study focused on the available and new therapies that help reduce the effect of AlP poisoning and the mortality rate. The therapies are divided into the antioxidant-related agent and the other agents. The impacts of each agent on the experimental cases are reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mastoureh Naddafi
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbasali Abouei Mehrizi
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
| | - Mohammad Ali Eghbal
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Ghazi Khansari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yadollah Azarmi
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Sattari
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ceren Karaman
- Akdeniz University, Department of Electricity and Energy, Antalya, 07070, Turkey.
| | - Fatemeh Karimi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, 9477177870, Iran
| | - Marzieh Alizadeh
- Pharmeceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Laboratory of Basic Sciences, Mohammad Rasul Allah Research Tower, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, PO Box: 71348-14336, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nima Yazdani
- Laboratory of Basic Sciences, Mohammad Rasul Allah Research Tower, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, PO Box: 71348-14336, Iran
| | - Parsa Hosseinpour
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Comparative Assessment of the Effects of Hydroxyethyl Starch and Normal Saline on Severe Hypotension in Patients with Aluminum Phosphide Poisoning: A Retrospective Study. J Toxicol 2022; 2022:4985120. [PMID: 35308654 PMCID: PMC8926529 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4985120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aluminum phosphide poisoning is one of the most common forms of poisoning which requires immediate and urgent treatment. Objective This study aimed to compare the efficiency of two solutions, including hydroxyethyl starch and normal saline, in treating hypotension in patients with aluminum phosphide poisoning. Methods This retrospective cohort study was conducted on 35 patients with aluminum phosphide poisoning. We reviewed the profile of 18 patients treated with hydroxyethyl starch and 17 patients treated with normal saline. Within-group and between-group differences in systolic blood pressure before and after treatment were compared using paired t-test and independent t-test, respectively. Results The mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of the subjects in the starch and normal saline groups was 27.06 ± 9.72 and 27.88 ± 9.08, respectively. The levels of blood pressure in the two groups were not significantly different before the treatment; the mean ± SD of systolic blood pressure in the starch and normal saline groups was 72.67 ± 14.49 and 68.59 ± 8.3, respectively (P=0.313). After the treatment, it was significantly increased to 94 ± 24.45 and 85.18 ± 19.9 in the starch group (P=0.001) and the normal saline group (P=0.004), respectively. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.245). Only one person survived in each group. Conclusion According to the results of this study, although there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of their effects on hypotension, these treatments could not prevent mortality.
Collapse
|
6
|
Hamade H, Sahin A, Sukhn C, El Tawil C, Rizk J, Kazzi Z, El Zahran T. Human Zinc Phosphide Exposure in Lebanon: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Clin Pract Cases Emerg Med 2021; 5:50-57. [PMID: 33560952 PMCID: PMC7872605 DOI: 10.5811/cpcem.2020.10.47397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Toxicity from rodenticides such as metal phosphides is common worldwide, particularly in developing countries where consumers have access to unlabeled and uncontrolled insecticides and pesticides. Case Report We present the first documentation of a metal phosphide exposure in Lebanon. A middle-aged woman presented to the emergency department following the ingestion of an unknown rodenticide. Spectroscopy analysis of the sample brought by the patient was used and helped identify zinc phosphide. The patient developed mild gastrointestinal symptoms and was admitted to the intensive care unit for observation without further complications. Review We subsequently conducted a literature review to understand the diagnosis, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management of metal phosphide toxicity. Multiple searches were conducted on MEDLINE and PubMed, and articles related to the topics under discussion were included in the review. Metal phosphide is associated with significant morbidity and mortality involving all body systems. Patients presenting with metal phosphide intoxication need extensive workup including blood testing, electrocardiogram, and chest radiography. To date there is no antidote for metal phosphide toxicity, and management is mostly supportive. Many treatment modalities have been investigated to improve outcomes in patients presenting with metal phosphide toxicities. Conclusion Emergency physicians and toxicologists in developing countries need to consider zinc and aluminum phosphides on their differential when dealing with unlabeled rodenticide ingestion. Treatment is mostly supportive with close monitoring for sick patients. Further research is needed to better understand metal phosphide toxicity and to develop better treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hani Hamade
- American University of Beirut, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Aynur Sahin
- Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Carol Sukhn
- American University of Beirut, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Chady El Tawil
- American University of Beirut, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jennifer Rizk
- American University of Beirut, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ziad Kazzi
- American University of Beirut, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon.,Emory University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tharwat El Zahran
- American University of Beirut, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hosseini SF, Forouzesh M, Maleknia M, Valiyari S, Maniati M, Samimi A. The Molecular Mechanism of Aluminum Phosphide poisoning in Cardiovascular Disease: Pathophysiology and Diagnostic Approach. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2021; 20:454-461. [PMID: 32712815 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-020-09592-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, poisoning with metal phosphides, especially aluminum phosphide (ALP), is one of the main health threats in human societies. Patients suffer from significant complications due to this type of poisoning, and the heart is one of the main organs targeted by ALP. Therefore, in this study, we discussed the effect of phosphine on cardiac function. This study is based on data obtained from PubMed, between 2002 and 2020. The key keywords included "Aluminum phosphide," "Oxidative Stress," "Mitochondria," "Cardiovascular disease," and "Treatment." The results showed that ALP produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to mitochondrial dysfunction. ROS production leads to red blood cell hemolysis, decreased ATP production, and induction of apoptosis in cardiomyocytes, which eventually results in cardiovascular disease. Since ALP has the most significant effect on cardiomyocytes, the use of appropriate treatment strategies to restore cell function can increase patients' survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehdi Forouzesh
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Maleknia
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Samira Valiyari
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Maniati
- Ahwaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran
| | - Azin Samimi
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Ahvaz, Iran. .,Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sheta AA, El-Banna AS, Elmeguid RA, Mohamed HE, Gad NH. A study of the predictive factors of mortality in acute poisoning with aluminum phosphide with special reference to echocardiography and SOFA score. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:33135-33145. [PMID: 31520378 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum phosphide (AlP) is considered now one of the most common causes of poisoning among agricultural pesticides. Poisoning with AlP is extremely toxic to humans with high mortality rate. The aim of this work was to evaluate the prognostic factors and outcome of acute aluminum phosphide poisoning in Alexandria Main University Hospital during a period of 6 months from 1 November 2017 until the end of April 2018, highlighting the role of SOFA score and echocardiography in predicting the mortality. The prospective study was conducted on all patients admitted with acute AlP poisoning to Alexandria Main University Hospital for those 6 months. Patients' data were collected in a special sheet and included biosocial data, medical history, poisoning history, complete medical examination, investigations, duration of hospital stay, and the outcome. All patients were assessed according to SOFA score on admission. Thirty patients were admitted during the period of the current study. Females outnumbered males in all age groups with a sex ratio of 2.75:1. The mean age of patients was 22.77 ± 12.79 years. 96.6% of patients came from rural areas. 93.3% of the cases were exposed to poisoning at home, where suicidal poisoning accounted for (86.7%) of cases. 43.3% of patients died (n = 13), and the median value of SOFA score among non-survivors was 10, versus 1 among survivors. The median value of ejection fraction among non-survivors (25%) was half its value in survivors (50%). Although there were many predictors of severity of AlP poisoning, SOFA score was the most predictive factor of mortality detected by multivariate analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abeer A Sheta
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Asmaa S El-Banna
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Rania Abd Elmeguid
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hany E Mohamed
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nehad H Gad
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kafi G, Akbarpour S, Arefi M, Behnoush B, Ahmadi Pishkuhi M, Barzegari N. Effect of hydroxyethyl starch on acidosis in patients with aluminum phosphide poisoning. CASPIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2019; 10:271-275. [PMID: 31558987 PMCID: PMC6729151 DOI: 10.22088/cjim.10.3.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Given the fact that various studies have reported the positive effects of hydroxyethyl starch therapy in controlling shock, this study aimed to compare the effects of hydroxyethyl starch on modifying acidosis and treating patients with aluminum phosphide poisoning. Methods This was a randomized clinical trial that was conducted on 60 patients with aluminum phosphide poisoning. We compared the two groups of patients treated with hydroxyethyl starch and normal saline. Base excess and serum pH of arterial blood gases (ABG) were measured before and after the treatment and compared by t-test. Results Results showed that arterial pH in the starch group and normal saline group increased by 0.13 and 0.18, respectively, and the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant. The difference in the base excess before and after treatment in the starch group and normal saline group was 6.41 and 5.39, respectively, and the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant. Changes in mean values of arterial pH after the intervention in comparison with before treatment were statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion Overall, the results of the present study show that starch is at least as effective as normal saline in treating acidosis in patients poisoned with aluminum phosphide and can be used instead of normal saline, and both of the two treatments could be equally effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gholamabbas Kafi
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Akbarpour
- Occupational Sleep Research Center (OSRC), Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Arefi
- Baharloo Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Behnoush
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahin Ahmadi Pishkuhi
- Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Barzegari
- Baharloo Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Haghi Aminjan H, Abtahi SR, Hazrati E, Chamanara M, Jalili M, Paknejad B. Targeting of oxidative stress and inflammation through ROS/NF-kappaB pathway in phosphine-induced hepatotoxicity mitigation. Life Sci 2019; 232:116607. [PMID: 31254582 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Poisoning with aluminium phosphide (AlP) commonly has a high rate of mortality and morbidities. Phosphine gas is the main cause of AlP poisoning that has deleterious effect on multi-organs especially heart, kidney, and liver. Furthermore, several studies reported that resveratrol has cytoprotective effects through its pleiotropic property. The purpose of this study was to estimate the dose-dependent role of resveratrol on phosphine induced acute hepatic toxicity in rat model. MAIN METHODS The rats have been exposed to LD50 of AlP (12 mg/kg) by gavage, and resveratrol doses (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg) were injected 30 min after intoxication. After 24 h, the serum and liver tissue were collected for present study. KEY FINDINGS The results indicated that phosphine causes an alteration in oxidative stress markers including elevation of ROS, and GSH level, MPO activity, reduction in SOD, catalase and G6PD activity as well as reduction in SOD1 and catalase expression. Furthermore, phosphine significantly induced phosphorylation of IkappaB, NF-kappaB and up-regulation of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and ICAM-1 expression. Also, phosphine induces markedly reduced hepatocytes lives cell and elevated apoptosis and necrosis. Co-treatment of resveratrol in a dose-dependent manner reversed aforementioned alterations. All in all, histological analysis indicated a deleterious effect of phosphine on the liver, which is mitigated by resveratrol administration. SIGNIFICANCE The results of the present study suggest targeting ROS/NF-kappaB signalling pathway by resveratrol may have a significant effect on the improvement of hepatic injury induced by phosphine. It also may be a possible candidate for the treatment of phosphine-poisoning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Haghi Aminjan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Abtahi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Hazrati
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Chamanara
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Jalili
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Babak Paknejad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Adapting the release characteristics of aluminum phosphide from membrane-coated rice tablets by using activated carbon nanoparticles. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
12
|
Changal KH, Latief M, Parry M, Abbas F. Aluminium phosphide poisoning with severe cardiac dysfunction and the role of digoxin. BMJ Case Rep 2017; 2017:bcr-2017-220125. [PMID: 28801325 PMCID: PMC5614089 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-220125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminium phosphide (ALP) is a common cause of suicidal poisoning in India where it is easily available and commonly known as 'rice tablet'. In rural areas of India, it is still used to protect rice and stored grains from rodents and pests. 1 There is no specific antidote for phosphide poisoning and treatment involves meticulous supportive care. Ingestion can lead to severe cardiac suppression and cardiogenic shock. For patients poisoned with ALP who continue to have refractory shock with persistent myocardial suppression despite the use of adrenergic inotropic agents, the addition of digoxin may be beneficial. We present a case where digoxin was utilised with beneficial patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Hamid Changal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mercy St. Vincent's Medical Center, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Muzamil Latief
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, India
| | - Manzoor Parry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, India
| | - Farhat Abbas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Government Medical College Srinagar, Srinagar, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Goharbari MH, Taghaddosinejad F, Arefi M, Sharifzadeh M, Mojtahedzadeh M, Nikfar S, Baeeri M, Rahimifard M, Abdollahi M. Therapeutic effects of oral liothyronine on aluminum phosphide poisoning as an adjuvant therapy. Hum Exp Toxicol 2017; 37:107-117. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327117694074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: In aluminum phosphide (AlP) poisoning, death is mainly due to cardiovascular failure and refractory acute heart failure. There is a lot of evidence showing thyroid hormones have cardioprotective effects. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral liothyronine in the treatment of AlP poisoning. Methods: Twenty-four patients from intensive care unit of Baharloo Hospital, Tehran, Iran, were included based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were randomly divided into two parallel groups of 12 cases and 12 controls. Intervention in the case group was administration of 50 µg liothyronine via nasogastric tube after gastric lavage, in the first 6 h of poisoning. In both groups, the routine treatment of AlP poisoning was performed. Blood samples were prepared at the beginning of the study and after 12 h. Patients were followed up till discharge from the hospital or death. Results: The findings demonstrated that oral liothyronine was able to significantly improve systolic blood pressure, arterial blood pH, and total thiol molecules and also could decrease lipid peroxidation, increase catalase activity, and prevent further decline in total antioxidant capacity. Conclusion: Liothyronine administration is effective in controlling AlP poisoning and can improve patients’ outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- MH Goharbari
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Taghaddosinejad
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Arefi
- Department of Clinical Toxicology, School of Medicine, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Sharifzadeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Mojtahedzadeh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Nikfar
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Baeeri
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Rahimifard
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Abdollahi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hashemi-Domeneh B, Zamani N, Hassanian-Moghaddam H, Rahimi M, Shadnia S, Erfantalab P, Ostadi A. A review of aluminium phosphide poisoning and a flowchart to treat it. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2016; 67:183-193. [DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The use of pesticides such as aluminium phosphide (AlP) has increased in the recent years and improved the quantity and quality of agricultural products in a number of developing countries. The downside is that AlP causes severe chronic and acute health effects that have reached major proportions in countries such as India, Iran, Bangladesh, and Jordan. Nearly 300,000 people die due to pesticide poisoning in the world every year. Poisoning with AlP accounts for many of these deaths. Unfortunately, at the same time, there is no standard treatment for it. The aim of this article is to give a brief review of AlP poisoning and propose a treatment flowchart based on the knowledge gained so far. For this purpose we reviewed all articles on the management of AlP poisoning published from 2000 till now. Using a modified Delphi design, we have designed a handy flowchart that could be used as a guide for AlP poisoning management of patients in emergency centres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Behrooz Hashemi-Domeneh
- Toxicological Research Center, Department of Clinical Toxicology, Loghman-Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Iran (Islamic Republic of)
- Excellence Center of Clinical Toxicology, Iranian Ministry of Health, Tehran, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
| | - Nasim Zamani
- Toxicological Research Center, Department of Clinical Toxicology, Loghman-Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Karegar Street, Tehran Iran (Islamic Republic of)
- Excellence Center of Clinical Toxicology, Iranian Ministry of Health, Tehran, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
| | - Hossein Hassanian-Moghaddam
- Toxicological Research Center, Department of Clinical Toxicology, Loghman-Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Iran (Islamic Republic of)
- Excellence Center of Clinical Toxicology, Iranian Ministry of Health, Tehran, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
| | - Mitra Rahimi
- Toxicological Research Center, Department of Clinical Toxicology, Loghman-Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Iran (Islamic Republic of)
- Excellence Center of Clinical Toxicology, Iranian Ministry of Health, Tehran, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
| | - Shahin Shadnia
- Toxicological Research Center, Department of Clinical Toxicology, Loghman-Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Iran (Islamic Republic of)
- Excellence Center of Clinical Toxicology, Iranian Ministry of Health, Tehran, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
| | - Peyman Erfantalab
- Toxicological Research Center, Department of Clinical Toxicology, Loghman-Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Iran (Islamic Republic of)
- Excellence Center of Clinical Toxicology, Iranian Ministry of Health, Tehran, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
| | - Ali Ostadi
- Toxicological Research Center, Department of Clinical Toxicology, Loghman-Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Iran (Islamic Republic of)
- Excellence Center of Clinical Toxicology, Iranian Ministry of Health, Tehran, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shakoori V, Agahi M, Vasheghani-Farahani M, Marashi SM. Successful management of zinc phosphide poisoning. Indian J Crit Care Med 2016; 20:368-70. [PMID: 27390464 PMCID: PMC4922293 DOI: 10.4103/0972-5229.183907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc phosphide (Zn2P3) rodenticide, is generally misused intentionally for suicidal purpose in Iran. For many years, scientists believe that liberation of phosphine (PH3) on contact with acidic content of the stomach is responsible for clinical presentations. However, relatively long time interval between ingestion of Zn2P3 and presentation of its systemic toxicity, and progression of acute liver failure could not be explained by the current opinion. Hence, an innovative theory intended that phosphonium, as an intermediate product will create and pass through the stomach, which then will reduce to produce PH3in the luminal tract. Here, we present a case of massive Zn2P3 poisoning. In our case, we used repeated doses of castor oil to induce bowel movement with an aim of removing unabsorbed toxin, which was proved by radiography. Interestingly, the patient presents only mild symptoms of toxicity such as transient metabolic acidosis and hepatic dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Shakoori
- Department of Medical Education, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Agahi
- Department of Medical Education, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Vasheghani-Farahani
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed Mahdi Marashi
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Farahani MV, Soroosh D, Marashi SM. Thoughts on the current management of acute aluminum phosphide toxicity and proposals for therapy: An Evidence-based review. Indian J Crit Care Med 2016; 20:724-730. [PMID: 28149031 PMCID: PMC5225774 DOI: 10.4103/0972-5229.195712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of aluminum phosphide (ALP) toxicity cases are suicidal attempts. Despite advances in critical care medicine, the mortality rate of ALP remains very high. Unfortunately, knowledge on the toxicokinetics of ALP is very low. An obsolete idea was proposed that inhibition of complex IV of cytochrome C oxidase is responsible for multiorgan dysfunction. However, based on human studies, this effect might be insignificant. Thus, a novel idea proposes that the main mechanism might be vascular wall integrity disruption. The low frequency of acute toxicity and unanswered questions about the toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics has led to leaden advances of novel treatments. The aim of this review was to evaluate problems regarding current treatment protocols and propose new ideas based on updated information. For this purpose, we reviewed all available articles on the management of ALP poisoning published to date. Considering failure of conventional therapies on maintaining systolic blood pressure, correcting acid-base disturbances, and support cardiac function, the previous treatment protocols have been overruled. However, repudiate of conventional treatments in this deadly condition is not without penalties for the health-care provider. The introduction of new therapies including refuse of gastric lavage with water-soluble compounds, administration of a high molecular weight colloidal solution for fluid resuscitation and termination using sodium bicarbonate, and vasoactive agents has been prospected to improve patient survival. This protocol is in early clinical evaluation; nevertheless, it appears to improve patient's survival; hence, future randomized trials should be performed to support their effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Vasheghani Farahani
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, AJA Medical School, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Soroosh
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Sayed Mahdi Marashi
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Protective role of coenzyme Q10 as a means of alleviating the toxicity of aluminum phosphide: An evidence-based review. Tzu Chi Med J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcmj.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
18
|
Agrawal VK, Bansal A, Singh RK, Kumawat BL, Mahajan P. Aluminum phosphide poisoning: Possible role of supportive measures in the absence of specific antidote. Indian J Crit Care Med 2015; 19:109-12. [PMID: 25722553 PMCID: PMC4339895 DOI: 10.4103/0972-5229.151019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminum phosphide (ALP) poisoning is one of the major causes of suicidal deaths. Toxicity by ALP is caused by the liberation of phosphine gas, which rapidly causes cell hypoxia due to inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation, leading to circulatory failure. Treatment of ALP toxicity is mainly supportive as there is no specific antidote. We recently managed 7 cases of ALP poisoning with severe hemodynamic effects. Patients were treated with supportive measures including gastric lavage with diluted potassium permanganate, coconut oil and sodium-bicarbonate first person account should be avoided in a scientific paper. Intravenous magnesium sulfate, proper hemodynamic monitoring and vasopressors. Four out of 7 survived thus suggesting a role of such supportive measures in the absence of specific antidote for ALP poisoning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar Agrawal
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonology, Metro Heart Institute with Multispeciality, Sector 16A, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Abhishek Bansal
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonology, Metro Heart Institute with Multispeciality, Sector 16A, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Ranjeet Kumar Singh
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonology, Metro Heart Institute with Multispeciality, Sector 16A, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Bhanwar Lal Kumawat
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonology, Metro Heart Institute with Multispeciality, Sector 16A, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Parul Mahajan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonology, Metro Heart Institute with Multispeciality, Sector 16A, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kazemifar AM, Abbasi E, Bazahang P, lotfizadeh M, Mehdi Mirjalili SM, Solhi H. Induction of mild therapeutic hypothermia in treatment of aluminium phosphide poisoning; an experimental study. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tx50058f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
20
|
Karami-Moh S, Jafari A, Abdollahi M. Comprehensive Review of the Mechanistic Approach and Related Therapies to Cardiovascular Effects of Aluminum Phosphide. INT J PHARMACOL 2013. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2013.493.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
21
|
Abstract
Every year, about 300,000 people die because of pesticide poisoning worldwide. The most common pesticide agents are organophosphates and phosphides, aluminium phosphide (AlP) in particular. AlP is known as a suicide poison that can easily be bought and has no effective antidote. Its toxicity results from the release of phosphine gas as the tablet gets into contact with moisture. Phosphine gas primarily affects the heart, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and kidneys. Poisoning signs and symptoms include nausea, vomiting, restlessness, abdominal pain, palpitation, refractory shock, cardiac arrhythmias, pulmonary oedema, dyspnoea, cyanosis, and sensory alterations. Diagnosis is based on clinical suspicion, positive silver nitrate paper test to phosphine, and gastric aspirate and viscera biochemistry. Treatment includes early gastric lavage with potassium permanganate or a combination with coconut oil and sodium bicarbonate, administration of charcoal, and palliative care. Specific therapy includes intravenous magnesium sulphate and oral coconut oil. Moreover, acidosis can be treated with early intravenous administration of sodium bicarbonate, cardiogenic shock with fluid, vasopresor, and refractory cardiogenic shock with intra-aortic baloon pump or digoxin. Trimetazidine may also have a useful role in the treatment, because it can stop ventricular ectopic beats and bigeminy and preserve oxidative metabolism. This article reviews the epidemiological, toxicological, and clinical/pathological aspects of AlP poisoning and its management.
Collapse
|