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Niu Y, Wang Z, Shi Y, Dong L, Wang C. Modulating macrophage activities to promote endogenous bone regeneration: Biological mechanisms and engineering approaches. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:244-261. [PMID: 32913932 PMCID: PMC7451865 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A coordinated interaction between osteogenesis and osteoimmune microenvironment is essential for successful bone healing. In particular, macrophages play a central regulatory role in all stages of bone repair. Depending on the signals they sense, these highly plastic cells can mediate the host immune response against the exterior signals of molecular stimuli and implanted scaffolds, to exert regenerative potency to a varying extent. In this article, we first encapsulate the immunomodulatory functions of macrophages during bone regeneration into three aspects, as sweeper, mediator and instructor. We introduce the phagocytic role of macrophages in different bone healing periods ('sweeper') and overview a variety of paracrine cytokines released by macrophages either mediating cell mobilisation, vascularisation and matrix remodelling ('mediator'), or directly driving the osteogenic differentiation of bone progenitors and bone repair ('instructor'). Then, we systematically classify and discuss the emerging engineering strategies to recruit, activate and modulate the phenotype transition of macrophages, to exploit the power of endogenous macrophages to enhance the performance of engineered bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Macau SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Macau SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yuchen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Macau SAR, China
| | - Lei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Macau SAR, China
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Wang Y, Huang L, Qin Z, Yuan H, Li B, Pan Y, Wang X, Du X, Hao S, Du Y, Wang R, Shen Y. Parathyroid hormone ameliorates osteogenesis of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells against glucolipotoxicity through p38 MAPK signaling. IUBMB Life 2020; 73:213-222. [PMID: 33249758 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM)-induced glucolipotoxicity is a factor strongly contributing to alveolar bone deficiency. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) has been identified as a main systemic mediator to balance physiological calcium in bone. This study aimed to uncover PTH's potential role in ameliorating the osteogenic capacity of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (HBMSCs) against glucolipotoxicity. Optimal PTH concentrations and high glucose and palmitic acid (GP) were administered to cells, followed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and ALP activity assay. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Immunoblot were carried out for assessing mRNA and protein amounts, respectively. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry were performed for quantitating cell proliferation. Osteogenesis and oxidative stress were determined, and the involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling was further verified. About 1-50 mmol/ml GP significantly inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of HBMSCs. 10-9 mol/L PTH was found to be the optimal concentration for HBMSC induction. PTH had no effects on HBMSC proliferation, with or without GP treatment. PTH reversed inadequate osteogenesis and excessive oxidative stress in GP-treated HBMSCs. Mechanistically, PTH activated p38 MAPK signaling, while inhibiting p38 MAPK-suppressed PTH's beneficial impacts on HBMSCs. Collectively, PTH promotes osteogenic differentiation in HBMSCs against glucolipotoxicity via p38 MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lintong Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziyue Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongchu Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Periodontist, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shushu Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifei Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruixia Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Dental Implant, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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Ge X, Li Z, Jing S, Wang Y, Li N, Lu J, Yu J. Parathyroid hormone enhances the osteo/odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells via ERK and P38 MAPK pathways. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:1209-1221. [PMID: 31276209 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a main systemic mediator of calcium and phosphate homeostasis in the bone. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have been extensively studied in the regeneration of bone and tooth tissues. This paper aims to uncover the influences of PTH on the proliferative ability and osteo/odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs, as well as the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The optimal concentration of PTH on DPSCs was determined by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, ALP staining and western blot analysis. Proliferative ability and cell cycle distribution of DPSCs were analyzed by Cell counting kit-8, 5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine assay, and flow cytometry. Osteo/odontogenic capacity of DPSCs was evaluated and finally, the involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway was assessed. RESULTS Purified DPSCs were obtained by enzymatic digestion, which presented a typical fibroblast-like morphology. 10-9 mol/L PTH was concerned as the optimal concentration for DPSCs induction. 10-9 mol/L PTH treatment did not change the proliferative rate of DPSCs (p > .05). Relative expressions of DSPP/DSPP, RUNX2/RUNX2, OSX/OSX, and ALP/ALP were upregulated in PTH-treated DPSCs relative to control group. Particularly, their mRNA/protein levels at Day 7 were markedly higher relative to those at Day 3 (p < .05 or p < .01). Mineralized nodules were formed after PTH induction, and calcium content increased by cetylpyridinium chloride quantitative analysis. Mechanistically, the protein levels of p-ERK and p-P38 significantly increased after PTH treatment, and the inhibitors targeting MAPK were identified that weakened the effects of PTH on the committed differentiation of DPSCs. CONCLUSIONS PTH enhances the osteo/odontogenic differentiation capacity of DPSCs via ERK and P38 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyun Ge
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zehan Li
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuanglin Jing
- Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanqiu Wang
- Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiamin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinhua Yu
- Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Deliberador FR, Sebastiani AM, Gerber J, Bonetto L, Tórtora G, Giovanini AF, Deliberador TM, Zielak JC, Scariot R. Effect of Local Application of Alendronate and Parathyroid Hormone on Craniofacial Bone Repair - a Preliminary Study. Braz Dent J 2018; 29:435-445. [PMID: 30517441 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201802120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of two methods of local application of alendronate and parathyroid hormone (PTH) on bone repair and the systemic implications. A critically sized defect (5 mm) was created in the cranial region of twenty-five male Wistar rats, and the bone removed was particulated, and grafted back to the defect with different treatments. The animals were randomly divided into five groups: A1- bone graft immersion in alendronate solution (3 mg/kg) for 5 minutes; P1- bone graft immersion in PTH solution (20 µg); A2- weekly local applications of alendronate 1 mg/kg; P2- weekly local applications of PTH (20 µg); C- no drugs were used. The animals were euthanized 60 days after surgery. Cranial bone blocks were removed for histological, histomorphometric, and immunohistochemical analyses. MMP-2 and MMP-9 were used for immunolabeling. The kidneys, liver, and brain were also removed from all the rats for histological analysis. The data were submitted for statistical analysis with a level of significance of 0.05 (One-way ANOVA). The group C and group P2 presented a higher quantity of viable bone particles than the remaining groups. Groups A1, A2, and P1 presented with fewer viable bone particles than the control group, with a predominance of non-mineralized connective tissue. The histomorphometric analysis revealed no differences in relative bone area or MMP-2 or MMP-9 immunolabeling between the groups (p>0.05). Group A2 showed presence of fat in the liver consistent with hepatic steatosis. Changes in brain tissue were observed in groups A1 and P1.
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Ball AN, Donahue SW, Wojda SJ, McIlwraith CW, Kawcak CE, Ehrhart N, Goodrich LR. The challenges of promoting osteogenesis in segmental bone defects and osteoporosis. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:1559-1572. [PMID: 29280510 PMCID: PMC8354209 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Conventional clinical management of complex bone healing scenarios continues to result in 5-10% of fractures forming non-unions. Additionally, the aging population and prevalence of osteoporosis-related fractures necessitate the further exploration of novel ways to augment osteogenesis in this special population. This review focuses on the current clinical modalities available, and the ongoing clinical and pre-clinical research to promote osteogenesis in segmental bone defects, delayed unions, and osteoporosis. In summary, animal models of fracture repair are often small animals as historically significant large animal models, like the dog, continue to gain favor as companion animals. Small rodents have well-documented limitations in comparing to fracture repair in humans, and few similarities exist. Study design, number of studies, and availability of funding continue to limit large animal studies. Osteoinduction with rhBMP-2 results in robust bone formation, although long-term quality is scrutinized due to poor bone mineral quality. PTH 1-34 is the only FDA approved osteo-anabolic treatment to prevent osteoporotic fractures. Limited to 2 years of clinical use, PTH 1-34 has further been plagued by dose-related ambiguities and inconsistent results when applied to pathologic fractures in systematic human clinical studies. There is limited animal data of PTH 1-34 applied locally to bone defects. Gene therapy continues to gain popularity among researchers to augment bone healing. Non-integrating viral vectors and targeted apoptosis of genetically modified therapeutic cells is an ongoing area of research. Finally, progenitor cell therapies and the content variation of patient-side treatments (e.g., PRP and BMAC) are being studied. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1559-1572, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa N. Ball
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, 1678 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1678
| | - Seth W. Donahue
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, 1678 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1678,,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Samantha J. Wojda
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, 1678 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1678,,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - C. Wayne McIlwraith
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, 1678 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1678
| | - Christopher E. Kawcak
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, 1678 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1678
| | - Nicole Ehrhart
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Laurie R. Goodrich
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, 1678 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1678
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Wang J, Li J, Yang L, Zhou Y, Wang Y. Dose-dependence of PTH-related peptide-1 on the osteogenic induction of MC3T3-E1 cells in vitro. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6637. [PMID: 28445262 PMCID: PMC5413227 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH), an 84-amino acid peptide, is an endocrine hormone that is secreted by parathyroid glands. PTH performs important functions in calcium regulation and bone remodeling. The PTH (1-34) named teriparatide, a 34-amino acid peptide derived from the N-terminus of PTH, conserves most of the functions of PTH, specifically the osteogenic capability. However, teriparatide is only used by injection and exhibits short duration. In addition, this PTH could not thoroughly expose active sites. In this study, a novel PTH-related peptide (designated PTHrP-1) derived from the N-terminus of PTH was added into the complete medium at different concentrations of PTHrP-1 (0, 50, 100, and 200 ng/mL) to induce the MC3T3-E1 cells. PTHrP-1 was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectroscopy. Cell morphology, cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and ALP activity, osteocalcin concentration, and collagen type I (Col-I), osteopontin (OPN), and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNA expression by RT-PCR and protein expression by western blotting were observed and detected. The purity of the PTHrP-1 was 95.14%, and the PTHrP-1 can induce MC3T3-E1 cells into osteoblasts, thus improving ALP activity and OCN concentration, and increasing Col-I, OPN, and OCN mRNA expression and protein expression in MC3T3-E1 cell cultures. The PTHrP-1 proved to be an ideal active peptide. In addition, the osteogenic ability of PTHrP-1 at 200 and 100 ng/mL concentrations was not significantly different but significantly higher than 50 and 0 ng/mL groups. Results indicate that PTHrP-1 is a kind of active peptides that exhibits good biocompatibility with MC3T3-E1 cells and could improve cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, PTHrP-1, at the preferable concentration of 100 ng/mL, could effectively promote MC3T3-E1 cells into osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University
| | - Jingfeng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichi Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University
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Javed F, Al Amri MD, Kellesarian SV, Al-Kheraif AA, Vohra F, Calvo-Guirado JL, Malmstrom H, Romanos GE. Efficacy of parathyroid hormone supplementation on the osseointegration of implants: a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:649-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1691-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Successful treatment of infected femoral shaft nonunion with teriparatide after eradication of infection. CURRENT ORTHOPAEDIC PRACTICE 2015. [DOI: 10.1097/bco.0000000000000278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ma L, Xiang L, Yao Y, Yuan Q, Li L, Gong P. CGRP-alpha application: a potential treatment to improve osseoperception of endosseous dental implants. Med Hypotheses 2013; 81:297-9. [PMID: 23707511 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2013.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Dental implants have been used to restore missing teeth for several decades. However, the capacity of implants to feel the mechanical stimuli and transmit neural signals remains lower than that of natural teeth. The poor osseoperception of dental implants is due to the absence of periodontal ligaments and Ruffini-like endings as well as the secondary injury during the implant surgery and then the insufficient regeneration of damaged peripheral nerve fibers around the implants. It is a hot topic to improve the quantity and density of peripheral nerve fibers or mechanoreceptors around endosseous dental implants. Calcitonin gene-related peptide-alpha (αCGRP), a neuropeptide widely distributed throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems, is found to be upregulated in regenerating axons within injury zones and be capable of promoting local Schwann cells proliferation, which is critical for partnering during peripheral nerve regeneration. Moreover, researches show that αCGRP is a potent vasodilator and a physiologic activator of bone formation. Thus, we hypothesize that local application of αCGRP may promote peripheral nerve fibers regeneration during the bone healing progress after dental implant surgery, thus improve the osseoperception of dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
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