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Caruso Bavisotto C, Marino Gammazza A, Campanella C, Bucchieri F, Cappello F. Extracellular heat shock proteins in cancer: From early diagnosis to new therapeutic approach. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 86:36-45. [PMID: 34563652 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In cancer, human cells lose the ability to properly control the series of events that occur constantly during cell growth and division, including protein expression, stability, and dynamics. Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are key molecules in these events, constitutively expressed at high levels and could furthermore be induced by the response to cancer-induced stress. In tumor cells, Hsps have been shown to be implicated in the regulation of apoptosis, immune responses, angiogenesis and metastasis; in some cases, they can be overexpressed and dysregulated, representing important cancer hallmarks. In the past few years, it has been demonstrated that Hsps can be released by tumor cells through several secreting pathways, including the extracellular vesicles (EVs), thus modulating the tumor microenvironment as well as long-distance intercellular communication and metastatization. In this review, we discuss the role of extracellular Hsps in cancer, with a particular interest in Hsps in EVs. We would also like to highlight the importance of fully understanding of the role of extracellular Hsps released by EVs and encourage further research in this field the use of Hsps as early cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Caruso Bavisotto
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Anatomy and Histology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Marino Gammazza
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Anatomy and Histology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudia Campanella
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Anatomy and Histology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Bucchieri
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Anatomy and Histology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Anatomy and Histology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy.
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Zhang S, Wang C, Ma B, Xu M, Xu S, Liu J, Tian Y, Fu Y, Luo Y. Mutant p53 Drives Cancer Metastasis via RCP-Mediated Hsp90α Secretion. Cell Rep 2021; 32:107879. [PMID: 32640214 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutant p53 (mutp53) loses its tumor suppressor properties but gains oncogenic functions of driving malignancy. However, it remains largely unknown how mutp53 drives cancer metastasis. Here, we show that wild-type p53 (WTp53) suppresses the secretion of heat shock protein 90-alpha (Hsp90α), whereas mutp53 enhances Hsp90α vesicular trafficking and exosome-mediated secretion. Long-term delivery of an antibody that blocks extracellular Hsp90α (eHsp90α) function extends the survival of p53-/- mice and attenuates the invasiveness of p53 mutant tumors. Furthermore, mass spectrometry and functional analysis identified a critical role for Rab coupling protein (RCP) in mutp53-induced Hsp90α secretion. RCP knockdown decreases eHsp90α levels and inhibits malignant progression. Notably, recombinant Hsp90α re-introduction markedly rescues the impaired migration and invasion abilities caused by RCP depletion. Taken together, these findings elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which mutp53 executes oncogenic activities via its downstream RCP-mediated Hsp90α secretion and a strategy to treat human cancers expressing mutp53 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaosen Zhang
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; The National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-Tumor Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; The National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-Tumor Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Boyuan Ma
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; The National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-Tumor Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Min Xu
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; The National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-Tumor Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Siran Xu
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; The National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-Tumor Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; The National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-Tumor Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yang Tian
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; The National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-Tumor Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yan Fu
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; The National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-Tumor Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yongzhang Luo
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; The National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-Tumor Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Bohush A, Bieganowski P, Filipek A. Hsp90 and Its Co-Chaperones in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20204976. [PMID: 31600883 PMCID: PMC6834326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20204976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper folding is crucial for proteins to achieve functional activity in the cell. However, it often occurs that proteins are improperly folded (misfolded) and form aggregates, which are the main hallmark of many diseases including cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and many others. Proteins that assist other proteins in proper folding into three-dimensional structures are chaperones and co-chaperones. The key role of chaperones/co-chaperones is to prevent protein aggregation, especially under stress. An imbalance between chaperone/co-chaperone levels has been documented in neurons, and suggested to contribute to protein misfolding. An essential protein and a major regulator of protein folding in all eukaryotic cells is the heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). The function of Hsp90 is tightly regulated by many factors, including co-chaperones. In this review we summarize results regarding the role of Hsp90 and its co-chaperones in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and prionopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Bohush
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Paweł Bieganowski
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Filipek
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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Synthesis, characterization, DFT and molecular docking studies for novel 1,5-diphenylpenta-1,4-dien-3-one O-benzyl oximes. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-019-01697-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Prabhu S, Ananthanarayanan P, Aziz SK, Rai S, Mutalik S, Sadashiva SRB. Enhanced effect of geldanamycin nanocomposite against breast cancer cells growing in vitro and as xenograft with vanquished normal cell toxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 320:60-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Blair LJ, Sabbagh JJ, Dickey CA. Targeting Hsp90 and its co-chaperones to treat Alzheimer's disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 18:1219-32. [PMID: 25069659 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.943185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease, characterized by the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau and β amyloid (Aβ), currently lacks effective treatment. Chaperone proteins, such as the heat shock protein (Hsp) 90, form macromolecular complexes with co-chaperones, which can regulate tau metabolism and Aβ processing. Although small molecule inhibitors of Hsp90 have been successful at ameliorating tau and Aβ burden, their development into drugs to treat disease has been slow due to the off- and on-target effects of this approach as well as challenges with the pharmacology of current scaffolds. Thus, other approaches are being developed to improve these compounds and to target co-chaperones of Hsp90 in an effort to limit these liabilities. AREAS COVERED This article discusses the most current developments in Hsp90 inhibitors including advances in blood-brain barrier permeability, decreased toxicity and homolog-specific small-molecule inhibitors. In addition, we discuss current strategies targeting Hsp90 co-chaperones rather than Hsp90 itself to reduce off-target effects. EXPERT OPINION Although Hsp90 inhibitors have proven their efficacy at reducing tau pathology, they have yet to meet with success in the clinic. The development of Hsp90/tau complex-specific inhibitors and further development of Hsp90 co-chaperone-specific drugs should yield more potent, less toxic therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Blair
- University of South Florida, USF Health Byrd Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine , 4001 E. Fletcher Avenue, Tampa, FL 33613 , USA
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Caroli A, Ballante F, Wickersham R, Corelli F, Ragno R. Hsp90 inhibitors, part 2: combining ligand-based and structure-based approaches for virtual screening application. J Chem Inf Model 2014; 54:970-7. [PMID: 24555544 PMCID: PMC3985681 DOI: 10.1021/ci400760a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hsp90 continues to be an important target for pharmaceutical discovery. In this project, virtual screening (VS) for novel Hsp90 inhibitors was performed using a combination of Autodock and Surflex-Sim (LB) scoring functions with the predictive ability of 3-D QSAR models, previously generated with the 3-D QSAutogrid/R procedure. Extensive validation of both structure-based (SB) and ligand-based (LB), through realignments and cross-alignments, allowed the definition of LB and SB alignment rules. The mixed LB/SB protocol was applied to virtually screen potential Hsp90 inhibitors from the NCI Diversity Set composed of 1785 compounds. A selected ensemble of 80 compounds were biologically tested. Among these molecules, preliminary data yielded four derivatives exhibiting IC50 values ranging between 18 and 63 μM as hits for a subsequent medicinal chemistry optimization procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Caroli
- Department
of Physics, Sapienza Università di
Roma, P.le Aldo Moro
5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Flavio Ballante
- Rome
Center for Molecular Design, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie
del Farmaco, Sapienza Università
di Roma, P. le A. Moro
5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Richard
B. Wickersham
- Rome
Center for Molecular Design, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie
del Farmaco, Sapienza Università
di Roma, P. le A. Moro
5, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 700 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Federico Corelli
- Dipartimento
Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università
degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Rino Ragno
- Rome
Center for Molecular Design, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie
del Farmaco, Sapienza Università
di Roma, P. le A. Moro
5, 00185 Roma, Italy
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Paul S, Mahanta S. Association of heat-shock proteins in various neurodegenerative disorders: is it a master key to open the therapeutic door? Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 386:45-61. [PMID: 24096700 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1844-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A number of acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders are caused due to misfolding and aggregation of many intra- and extracellular proteins. Protein misfolding and aggregation processes in cells are strongly regulated by cellular molecular chaperones known as heat-shock proteins (Hsps) that include Hsp60, Hsp70, Hsp40, and Hsp90. Recent studies have shown the evidences that Hsps are colocalized in protein aggregates in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Polyglutamine disease (PGD), Prion disease, and other neurodegenerative disorders. This fact indicates that Hsps might have attempted to prevent aggregate formation in cells and thus to suppress disease conditions. Experimental findings have already established in many cases that selective overexpression of Hsps like Hsp70 and Hsp40 prevented the disease progression in various animal models and cellular models. However, recently, various Hsp modulators like geldanamycin, 17-(dimethylaminoethylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin, and celastrol have shown to up-regulate the expression level of Hsp70 and Hsp40, which in turn triggers the solubilization of diseased protein aggregates. Hsps are, therefore, if appropriately selected, an attractive choice for therapeutic targeting in various kinds of neurodegeneration and hence are expected to have strong potential as therapeutic agents in suppressing or curing AD, PD, PGD, and other devastative neurodegenerative disorders. In the present review, we report the experimental findings that describe the implication of Hsps in the development of neurodegeneration and explore the possibility of how Hsps can be used directly or as a target by other agents to prevent various neurodegeneration through preventing aggregation process and thus reducing the toxicity of the oligomers based on the previous reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhankar Paul
- Structural Biology and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India,
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