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邢 瑶, 刘 子, 张 晓, 王 建. [Effects of leptin on proliferation and differentiation of hypoxic rat retinal progenitor cells in vitro]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022; 42:354-359. [PMID: 35426798 PMCID: PMC9010985 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.03.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the the effects of leptin on the proliferation, differentiation and PTEN expression of rat retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) cultured under hypoxic condition. METHODS SD rat RPCs were cultured in normoxic conditions or exposed to hypoxia in the presence of 0, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, 10, and 30 nmol/L leptin for 12, 48 and 72 h, and the cell viability was assessed using cell counting kit 8 (CCK 8) assay. The RPCs in primary culture were divided into control group, hypoxia group, and hypoxia+leptin group, and after 48 h of culture, the cell medium was replaced with differentiation medium and the cells were further cultured for 6 days. Immunofluorescence staining was employed to detect the cells positive for β-tubulin III and GFAP, and Western blotting was used to examine the expression of PTEN at 48 h of cell culture. RESULTS The first generation of RPCs showed suspended growth in the medium with abundant and bright cellular plasma and formed mulberry like cell spheres after 2 days of culture. Treatment with low-dose leptin (below 3.0 nmol/L) for 48 h obviously improved the viability of RPCs cultured in hypoxia, while at high concentrations (above 10 nmol/L), leptin significantly suppressed the cell viability (P < 0.05). The cells treated with 3.0 nmol/L leptin for 48 h showed the highest viability (P < 0.05). After treatment with 3.0 nmol/L leptin for 48 h, the cells with hypoxic exposure showed similar GFAP and β-tubulin Ⅲ positivity with the control cells (P>0.05), but exhibited an obvious down-regulation of PTEN protein expression compared with the control cells (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In rat RPCs with hypoxic exposure, treatment with low dose leptin can promote the cell proliferation and suppress cellular PTEN protein expression without causing significant effects on cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- 瑶 邢
- />西安交通大学第二附属医院眼科,陕西 西安 710004Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - 子瑶 刘
- />西安交通大学第二附属医院眼科,陕西 西安 710004Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - 晓辉 张
- />西安交通大学第二附属医院眼科,陕西 西安 710004Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - 建明 王
- />西安交通大学第二附属医院眼科,陕西 西安 710004Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
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Sen S, Saxena R, Tripathi M, Vibha D, Dhiman R. Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease and glaucoma: overlaps and missing links. Eye (Lond) 2020; 34:1546-1553. [PMID: 32152519 PMCID: PMC7608361 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-020-0836-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The eye is said to be the window into the brain. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and glaucoma both being diseases of the elderly, have several epidemiological and histological overlaps in pathogenesis. Both these diseases are neurodegenerative conditions. Over the years, a consensus has developed that both may be two ends of a singular spectrum of diseases. Epidemiological studies have shown that more Alzheimer’s patients may be suffering from glaucoma than general healthy population. Retinal ganglion cell damage is a characteristic of both diseases, along with discovery of amyloid-β and tau protein deposition in the retina and aqueous humor of eye. The latter two proteins are known to be pathognomonic of AD. Other pathways such as the insulin receptor pathway also seem to be affected in both diseases similarly. In spite of these overlaps, there are few missing links which still need more evidence, namely, intraocular pressure mechanisms, cerebrospinal fluid pressure and trans-lamina cribrosa pressure gradients, vascular autoregulation factors, etc. Several factors point towards a common pathogenesis at some level for both diseases and prospective studies are necessary to study the natural course of both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagnik Sen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rohit Saxena
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Manjari Tripathi
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepti Vibha
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rebika Dhiman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Zhang Y, Lv YL, Si YN, Zhou J, Qian Y, Bao HG. α-lipoic acid attenuates spatial learning and memory impairment induced by hepatectomy. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:2329-2333. [PMID: 30867718 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of α-lipoic acid (ALA) on postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) between wild type (WT) and leptin receptor-deficient (db/db) mice and to elucidate the underlying mechanism of treatment with ALA. The present study compared the effects of ALA on spatial learning and memory of WT and db/db mice using a Morris water maze following hepatectomy. The expression levels of proteins, including cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5), tau, phosphorylated tau and amyloid β (Aβ) were measured in the hippocampus. Surgery impaired postoperative cognitive function in both WT and db/db mice. Furthermore, the expression levels of Cdk5 and Aβ, and the phosphorylation of tau in the hippocampus increased after the surgery in both WT and db/db mice. The ultrastructure of hippocampal neurons and synapses was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy and the results revealed that surgery damaged the structure of neurons and synapses in both WT and db/db mice. Treatment with ALA protected the postoperative cognitive function and the structure of hippocampal neurons and synapses, and prevented the increase in protein expression levels of Cdk5 and Aβ, and the phosphorylation of tau in the hippocampus of WT but not db/db mice. The results of the present study suggest that ALA may be used for the treatment of POCD. The molecular mechanisms underlying the activity of ALA require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Luo Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Na Si
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- Deparment of Molecular Cell Biology and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Yanning Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Guang Bao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
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Impact of aromatase absence on murine intraocular pressure and retinal ganglion cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3280. [PMID: 29459742 PMCID: PMC5818491 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21475-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesize that aromatase, an enzyme that regulates estrogen production, plays a significant role in the control of intraocular pressure (IOP) and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). To begin to test our hypothesis, we examined the impact of aromatase absence, which completely eliminates estrogen synthesis, in male and female mice. Studies were performed with adult, age-matched wild type (WT) and aromatase knockout (ArKO) mice. IOP was measured in a masked fashion in both eyes of conscious mice at 12 and 24 weeks of age. Retinas were obtained and processed for RGC counting with a confocal microscope. IOP levels in both 12- and 24-week old female ArKO mice were significantly higher than those of age- and sex-matched WT controls. The mean increase in IOP was 7.9% in the 12-week-, and 19.7% in the 24-week-old mice, respectively. These changes were accompanied by significant 9% and 7% decreases in RGC numbers in the ArKO female mice, relative to controls, at 12- and 24-weeks, respectively. In contrast, aromatase deficiency did not lead to an increased IOP in male mice. There was a significant reduction in RGC counts in the 12-, but not 24-, week-old male ArKO mice, as compared to their age- and sex-matched WT controls. Overall, our findings show that aromatase inhibition in females is associated with elevated IOP and reduced RGC counts.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE No studies have addressed the relationship between the timing of first childbirth and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). The aim of the study was to identify the relationship between age at first childbirth and POAG and to examine the contribution of parity to the age at first childbirth-POAG relationship in postmenopausal women. METHODS The study population comprised postmenopausal women aged 50 or above in the cross-sectional Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2010 to 2012. Participants were grouped into quintiles by age at first childbirth for analysis. This study used logistic regression and mediation analyses with accommodations for the complex sampling structure of the survey. RESULTS Of the 4,057 women in the study population, the mean age at first childbirth was 23.7 years, and POAG prevalence was 3.4%. Prevalence of POAG was lowest in women whose first childbirth was between the ages of 27 and 44 (1.8%). Their risk for POAG (odds ratio [OR], 0.25; 95% CI, 0.10-0.65) was significantly lower than in those whose first childbirth was between the ages of 13 and 20, after adjustments for covariates. Late first delivery (≥27 y) was directly (OR, 0.57) and totally (OR, 0.85) associated with the decreased risk of POAG; decreased parity in women who delivered their first child at an older age attenuated the age at first childbirth-POAG relationship (OR of indirect effect, 1.50). CONCLUSIONS First childbirth at the age of 27 years or above decreases the risk of POAG in postmenopausal women. Decreased parity, caused by late first childbirth, attenuated the magnitude of the total effects of age at first childbirth on POAG.
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Kim HA, Han K, Lee YA, Choi JA, Park YM. Differential Association of Metabolic Risk Factors with Open Angle Glaucoma according to Obesity in a Korean Population. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38283. [PMID: 28004731 PMCID: PMC5177911 DOI: 10.1038/srep38283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The associations of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) with intraocular pressure and primary open angle glaucoma (OAG) have been reported. This study aimed to determine whether a difference in association exists between OAG and metabolic risk factors according to obesity status among Korean adults. A total of 8,816 participants (≥40 years) in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were classified into obese, body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 and non-obese, BMI < 25 kg/m2. The prevalence of MetS was 40.1% in non-obese OAG and 66.0% in obese OAG. The prevalence of OAG increased with increasing number components for MetS in total population and in non-obese subjects (P < 0.001, respectively), while the prevalence of OAG was not associated with number of components for MetS in obese subjects (P = 0.14). In non-obese individuals, subjects with high triglycerides, high blood pressure (BP), and MetS were more likely to have OAG compared with those without high triglycerides, high BP, and MetS after adjusting for potential confounders. However, MetS or its components exhibited no significant association with glaucoma status in obese individuals. Our study provides understanding on the differences in association of OAG with MetS and its components according to obesity status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ah Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun-Ah Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin A Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Moon Park
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Kast B, Schori C, Grimm C. Hypoxic preconditioning protects photoreceptors against light damage independently of hypoxia inducible transcription factors in rods. Exp Eye Res 2016; 146:60-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Glaucoma – Diabetes of the brain: A radical hypothesis about its nature and pathogenesis. Med Hypotheses 2014; 82:535-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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