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Rose L, Lustberg M, Ruddy KJ, Cathcart-Rake E, Loprinzi C, Dulmage B. Hair loss during and after breast cancer therapy. Support Care Cancer 2023; 31:186. [PMID: 36826602 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-07634-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
For patients diagnosed with breast cancer, alopecia can be a distressing side effect of treatment. Major surgeries, cytotoxic chemotherapy, and endocrine therapy may result in several different types of alopecia. This article reviews the underlying mechanisms, etiology, prevention strategies, and treatment options for chemotherapy-induced alopecia, telogen effluvium, and endocrine-induced alopecia. Here, we aim to provide breast oncologists with a review of the types of hair loss related to cancer therapy and current preventative and treatment options to facilitate informative patient counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Rose
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Brittany Dulmage
- Department of Dermatology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Shin DW. The physiological and pharmacological roles of prostaglandins in hair growth. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 26:405-413. [PMID: 36302616 PMCID: PMC9614392 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2022.26.6.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Hair loss is a common status found among people of all ages. Since the role of hair is much more related to culture and individual identity, hair loss can have a great influence on well-being and quality of life. It is a disorder that is observed in only scalp patients with androgenetic alopecia (AGA) or alopecia areata caused by stress or immune response abnormalities. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved therapeutic medicines such as finasteride, and minoxidil improve hair loss temporarily, but when they stop, they have a limitation in that hair loss occurs again. As an alternative strategy for improving hair growth, many studies reported that there is a relationship between the expression levels of prostaglandins (PGs) and hair growth. Four major PGs such as prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), prostaglandin I2 (PGI2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α) are spatiotemporally expressed in hair follicles and are implicated in hair loss. This review investigated the physiological roles and pharmacological interventions of the PGs in the pathogenesis of hair loss and provided these novel insights for clinical therapeutics for patients suffering from alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wook Shin
- College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea,Correspondence Dong Wook Shin, E-mail:
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Rossi A, Caro G, Magri F, Fortuna MC, Carlesimo M. Clinical aspect, pathogenesis and therapy options of alopecia induced by hormonal therapy for breast cancer. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2021; 2:490-495. [PMID: 36045704 PMCID: PMC9400690 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2021.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adjuvant hormonal therapy is one of the most important treatments of hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer and includes selective estrogen receptor modulators, aromatase inhibitors, and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogs. In patients receiving these drugs, a progressive recession of frontal-temporal hairlines is often observed, such as a certain grade of hair miniaturization in the same areas and the central scalp area, producing a pseudo-female androgenic alopecia, which has to be considered oncotherapy-induced alopecia. The aim of this work, is to describe the clinical aspects and pathogenesis of this type of alopecia and to analyze the different drugs which have been proposed until now. The authors concude that topical hormones should not be considered as a therapeutic approach because of their direct or indirect oncogenic potential. A therapeutic approach that could be both safe and effective is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Rossi
- Department of Clinical Internal Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gemma Caro
- Department of Clinical Internal Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Magri
- Department of Clinical Internal Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Fortuna
- Department of Clinical Internal Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Carlesimo
- Department of Clinical Internal Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Khan S, Caldwell J, Wilson KM, Gonzalez-Feliciano AG, Peisch S, Pernar CH, Graff RE, Giovannucci EL, Mucci LA, Gerke TA, Markt SC. Baldness and Risk of Prostate Cancer in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:1229-1236. [PMID: 32277004 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-1236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between male pattern baldness and prostate cancer has been inconsistent. We prospectively investigated the association between baldness at age 45 and prostate cancer risk in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS), focusing on clinical and molecular markers. METHODS Baldness was self-reported on the 1992 questionnaire using the modified Norwood-Hamilton scale prior to diagnosis. We estimated HRs between baldness and prostate cancer risk among 36,760 men, with follow-up through 2014. We also investigated whether baldness was associated with prostate cancer defined by tumor protein expression of androgen receptor and the presence of the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion. RESULTS During 22 years, 5,157 prostate cancer cases were identified. Fifty-six percent of the men had either frontal or vertex baldness. No significant associations were found between baldness and prostate cancer risk. Among men younger than 60 years, there was a statistically significant association between frontal and severe vertex baldness and overall prostate cancer (HR: 1.74; 95% confidence interval: 1.23-2.48). Baldness was not significantly associated with expression of molecular subtypes defined by AR and TMPRSS2:ERG IHC of prostate tumors. CONCLUSIONS This study showed no association between baldness at age 45 and prostate cancer risk, overall or for clinical or molecular markers. The association between baldness and overall prostate cancer among younger men is intriguing, but caution is warranted when interpreting this finding. IMPACT The null findings from this large cohort study, together with previous literature's inconclusive findings across baldness patterns, suggest that baldness is not a consistent biomarker for prostate cancer risk or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saud Khan
- Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Sindh, Pakistan
| | | | - Kathryn M Wilson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Samuel Peisch
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Claire H Pernar
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rebecca E Graff
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Sarah C Markt
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
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Lee JH, Song Y, Do Han K, Park YM, Lee JY, Park YG, Lee YB. Cancer risk by the subtype of alopecia. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9748. [PMID: 29950587 PMCID: PMC6021412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28142-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The cancer risk in patients with alopecia areata (AA) or alopecia totalis (AT)/alopecia universalis (AU) remains unknown. In this study, national statistical data were used to study the association between these forms of alopecia and the risk of cancer. We enrolled 668,604 patients who were treated for alopecia from 2007 to 2014, and age- and sex-matched control subjects. AA and AT/AU patients had slightly higher overall cancer risks (hazard ratio (HR), 1.043; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.022-1.065 and HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.013-1.129, respectively) than controls, after adjusting for confounding factors. The risks of oral cavity, esophagus, liver, biliary tract, pancreas, larynx, lung, kidney, breast, cervix, ovary, uterus, testis, nerve, and skin cancers; and lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and leukemia, were not increased in alopecia patients. In AA or AT/AU patients, the only increased risk was that of thyroid cancer. In AA patients alone, the risks of bladder and prostate cancers were increased. Thus, the cancer risks varied by the alopecia subtype. Careful monitoring is needed to explore if the actual risks of thyroid, bladder, and prostate cancers are increased in alopecia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yumee Song
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Do Han
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Park
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Gyu Park
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Bok Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Androgen modulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in androgenetic alopecia. Arch Dermatol Res 2018; 310:391-399. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-018-1826-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Prostaglandin D2-Mediated DP2 and AKT Signal Regulate the Activation of Androgen Receptors in Human Dermal Papilla Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020556. [PMID: 29439547 PMCID: PMC5855778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) and prostaglandin D2 receptor 2 (DP2) is known to be an important factor in androgenetic alopecia (AGA). However, the effect of PGD2 in human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) is not fully understood. The function of PGD2-induced expression of the androgen receptor (AR), DP2, and AKT (protein kinase B) signal were examined by using real time-PCR (qRT-PCR), western blot analysis, immunocytochemistry (ICC), and siRNA transfection system. PGD2 stimulated AR expression and AKT signaling through DP2. PGD2 stimulated AR related factors (transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1), Creb, lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 (LEF1), and insulin-like growth factor 1, (IGF-1)) and AKT signaling (GSK3β and Creb) on the AR expression in hDPCs. However, these factors were down-regulated by DP2 antagonist (TM30089) and AKT inhibitor (LY294002) as well as DP2 knockdown in hDPCs decreased AR expression and AKT signaling. Finally, we confirmed that PGD2 stimulates the expression of AR related target genes, and that AKT and its downstream substrates are involved in AR expression on hDPCs. Taken together, our data suggest that PGD2 promotes AR and AKT signal via DP2 in hDPCs, thus, PGD2 and DP2 signal plays a critical role in AR expression. These findings support the additional explanation for the development of AGA involving PGD2-DP2 in hDPCs.
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Mohd Mokhtar H, Giribabu N, Kassim N, Muniandy S, Salleh N. Testosterone decreases fluid and chloride secretions in the uterus of adult female rats via down-regulating cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) expression and functional activity. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 144 Pt B:361-72. [PMID: 25125390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Estrogen is known to stimulate uterine fluid and Cl(-) secretion via CFTR. This study investigated testosterone effect on these changes in a rat model. METHODS Ovariectomized adult female rats received estrogen for five days or estrogen for three days followed by two days peanut oil or testosterone either alone or in the presence of flutamide or finasteride. At the end of treatment, uteri were perfused with perfusate containing CFTRinh-172. The rate of fluid and Cl(-) secretion were determined. Dose-dependent effect of testosterone and effect of forskolin on fluid secretion rate were measured. Animals were sacrificed and uteri were removed for CFTR protein and mRNA expression analyses, histology and cAMP measurement. Morphology of uterus, levels of expression of CFTR protein and mRNA and distribution of CFTR protein were observed. RESULTS Estrogen causes increase while testosterone causes decrease in uterine fluid and Cl(-) secretions. The effects of estrogen but not testosterone were antagonized by CFTRinh-172. Luminal fluid volume and apical expression of CFTR in the luminal epithelia were highest under estrogen and lowest under testosterone influences. Similar changes were observed in CFTR protein and mRNA expressions. Uterine cAMP level was highest under estrogen and lowest under testosterone influence. Forskolin increases fluid secretion rate in estrogen but not in testosterone-treated animals. Testosterone effects were dose-dependent and were antagonized by flutamide however, not finasteride. CONCLUSIONS Testosterone inhibition of estrogen-induced uterine fluid and Cl(-) secretion occurs via inhibition of CFTR expression and functional activities. These changes could explain the adverse effects of testosterone on fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmy Mohd Mokhtar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Nelli Giribabu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Normadiah Kassim
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Sekaran Muniandy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Naguib Salleh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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