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Vitamin C and its therapeutic potential in the management of COVID19. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 50:8-14. [PMID: 35871955 PMCID: PMC9166267 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
COVID19 has emerged as one of the worst pandemics in the history of mankind. Several vaccines have been approved by different government agencies worldwide, but data on their efficacy and safety are limited, and distribution remains a massive challenge. As per WHO, personal immunity is vital for protection against COVID19. Earlier, Vitamin C-mediated pathways have been shown to play critical role in boosting immunity attributed to its antioxidant properties. Recently, the involvement of such pathways in protection against COVID19 has been suggested. The controlled doses of Vitamin C administered through intravenous (IV) injections are being studied for determining its role in the prognosis of COVID19. In this article, we have discussed the potential role of Vitamin C in the management in COVID19 patients and presented recent clinical trials data. Additionally, we have elaborated the possibility of administering Vitamin C through inhalers in order to achieve local high concentration and the challenges of such approach.
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Cheng C, Pan W, Li X, Qu H. Clinical effect of vitamin D supplementation on patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and its influence on the expression of immune cells and inflammatory factors. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:2236-2244. [PMID: 32765700 PMCID: PMC7401900 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is highly infectious and has a high incidence worldwide. Therefore, effective treatment is essential for the disease. The immune function and inflammatory factors can reflect the therapeutic effect of pulmonary tuberculosis to some extent. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical effect of vitamin D supplementation on pulmonary tuberculosis patients and its influence on the expression of immune cells and inflammatory factors in patients. A total of 256 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis who were admitted to our hospital were collected as research participants; 120 patients who were treated with conventional antituberculosis drugs were taken as a control group (CG) and 136 patients who were treated with vitamin D-assisted antituberculosis drugs were taken as the research group (RG). The levels of inflammatory factors (IL-6, MMP-9, IL-4, TNF-α) and T lymphocyte subgroup of patients were measured in both groups before and after treatment. The efficacy was compared in both groups. The disappearance time of wheezing and cough in RG was shorter than that in CG (P<0.001). There was no difference in X-ray chest plain film, sputum examination results and efficacy of patients in both groups (P>0.05). After treatment, CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ were upregulated in both groups (P<0.05), while CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ in RG were higher than those in CG (P<0.05). After treatment, inflammatory factors in both groups improved compared with those before treatment. Serum inflammatory factors in RG were significantly lower than those in CG (P<0.05). After treatment, surfactant protein in the two groups was lower than that before treatment, while that in RG was significantly lower than that in CG (P<0.05). After treatment, soluble selectins in both groups improved significantly. The level of soluble selectins in RG was slightly lower than that in CG. The incidence of adverse reactions in RG was lower than that in CG. The life quality scores of patients in RG were slightly higher than those in CG (P<0.05). In conclusion, vitamin D-assisted antituberculosis drugs can effectively improve the immune function and expression level of inflammatory factors in pulmonary tuberculosis patients and reduce adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxu Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Changchun Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Changchun, Jilin 130031, P.R. China
| | - Weina Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Changchun Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Changchun, Jilin 130031, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Radiology, The Third People's Hospital of Gongzhuling City, Siping, Jilin 136105, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Qu
- Department of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Changchun Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Changchun, Jilin 130031, P.R. China
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Song N, Zhu Y, Cui Y, Lv M, Tang Y, Cui Z, Dang G, Zheng H, Liu S. Vitamin B and Vitamin C Affect DNA Methylation and Amino Acid Metabolism in Mycobacterium bovis BCG. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:812. [PMID: 32390998 PMCID: PMC7188828 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamins are essential nutrients and key cofactors of enzymes that regulate cellular metabolism, and also activate the immune system. Recent studies have shown that vitamin B1 (VB 1) and vitamin C (Vc) can inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth, but the precise mechanism is still not well understood. In the present study, we have used RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing to analyze the transcriptional, metabolic and methylation profiles of Mycobacterium bovis BCG when treated with VB 1 and Vc. Our results show that, after vitamin treatment, variant metabolites were mainly clustered in pathways related to amino acid metabolism. Treatment with both vitamins significantly up-regulated the gene encoding cysteine synthase A. Additionally, only BCG that was treated with VC showed m4c modifications. Genes harboring this methylation were up-regulated, suggesting that m4c methylation can promote gene transcription to some extent. Overall, this study contributes to the understanding of the effects of VB 1 and VC, and suggests that these vitamins constitute potential anti-tuberculosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Song
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhu
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Mingyue Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yiyi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ziyin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Guanghui Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Huajun Zheng
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Siguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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Song N, Li Z, Cui Z, Chen L, Cui Y, Dang G, Li Z, Li H, Liu S. The prominent alteration in transcriptome and metabolome of Mycobacterium bovis BCG str. Tokyo 172 induced by vitamin B 1. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:104. [PMID: 31117936 PMCID: PMC6530141 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1492-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin B1 (VB1) is a crucial dietary nutrient and essential cofactor for several key enzymes in the regulation of cellular and metabolic processes, and more importantly in the activation of immune system. To date, the precise role of VB1 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains to be fully understood. RESULTS In this study, the transcriptional and metabolic profiles of VB1-treated Mycobacterium. bovis BCG were analyzed by RNA-sequencing and LC-MS (Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry). The selection of BCG strain was based on its common physiological features shared with M. tuberculosis. The results of cell growth assays demonstrated that VB1 inhibited the BCG growth rate in vitro. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the expression levels of genes related to fatty acid metabolism, cholesterol metabolism, glycolipid catabolism, DNA replication, protein translation, cell division and cell wall formation were significantly downregulated in M. bovis BCG treated with VB1. In addition, the metabolomics LC-MS data indicated that most of the amino acids and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) were decreased in M. bovis BCG strain after VB1 treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the molecular and metabolic bases to understand the impacts of VB1 on M.bovis BCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Song
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaoli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ziyin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Liping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yingying Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Guanghui Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - He Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Siguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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Vitamin C: A Natural Inhibitor of Cell Wall Functions and Stress Response in Mycobacteria. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019. [PMID: 30637707 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3065-0_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, has re-emerged as a threat to human race. Conventional antibiotic treatments are failing due to different stress response strategies adopted by bacterial pathogens. Since time immemorial, Vitamin C is known to protect against pathogens by boosting immunity in humans. Recently, Vitamin C has been shown to directly kill M. tuberculosis including multiple drug-resistant strains by generation of oxidative radicals through Fenton's reaction. Concurrently, it inhibits (p)ppGpp-mediated stringent response thus effectively shutting down long-term survival and persistence in mycobacteria. Here, we have discussed historical perspective and recent evidences on Vitamin C-mediated inhibition of several key pathways of M. tuberculosis such as (p)ppGpp synthesis and mycobacterial cell wall function. Several cell wall components including mycolic acids are critical for mycobacterial virulence. We observed downregulation of various mycolic acids in M. smegmatis upon treatment with Vitamin C, and data have been presented here. Vitamin C has been shown to inhibit the biofilm growth as well as disrupt the formed biofilm in mycobacteria. Additionally, Vitamin C role in cell-mediated and humoral immunity has been elucidated. Vitamin C is toxic at high concentration; therefore we have proposed the idea of derivatizing Vitamin C in order to lower the minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) necessary to target M. tuberculosis.
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Son M, Park YS, Jung MH, Kang JH, Choi UY. Risk factors for latent tuberculosis infection in children in South Korea. Postgrad Med 2018; 130:637-643. [PMID: 30095331 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2018.1510709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In South Korea, latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) screening is a critical strategy associated with efforts to reduce the incidence of tuberculosis (TB). Currently, only children with a known history of TB contact are considered as pediatric high-risk groups for LTBI, and consequently, LTBI screening is only provided to these children. However, to reduce the incidence of TB, the high-risk groups that undergo LTBI screening should be expanded. This study aimed to assess the risk factors for LTBI among children living in South Korea with no known history of TB contact for the identification of additional high-risk groups. We investigated the risk factors for LTBI among US visa applicant children, who undergo LTBI screening regardless of their TB contact history. METHODS We obtained data on demographic characteristics, medical history, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination history, and results of LTBI screening for children aged 2-14 years. A tuberculin skin test was used for the diagnosis of LTBI, and an induration of 10 mm or greater was used to define a positive test. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to determine the association between clinical and demographic variables and LTBI. RESULTS Of the 1,664 study participants, 91 (5.5%) had LTBI. The binary logistic regression analysis showed that children born in high TB burden foreign countries had the highest odds of LTBI when considering all the risk factors investigated. Increasing age, absence of BCG vaccination, and a previous diagnosis of asthma were also significant risk factors for LTBI. CONCLUSION These results indicate that children born in high TB burden foreign countries should be considered a high-risk group for LTBI in South Korea; the inclusion of these children in LTBI screening should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Son
- a Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine , The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Seon Park
- a Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine , The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ho Jung
- a Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine , The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Han Kang
- a Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine , The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Ui Yoon Choi
- a Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine , The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,b Department of Pediatrics, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine , The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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RSSDI clinical practice recommendations for diagnosis, prevention, and control of the diabetes mellitus-tuberculosis double burden. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-017-0577-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Song N, Cui Y, Li Z, Chen L, Liu S. New Targets and Cofactors for the Transcription Factor LrpA fromMycobacterium tuberculosis. DNA Cell Biol 2016; 35:167-76. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2015.3040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Song
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yingying Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhaoli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Liping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Siguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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Syal K. BCG vaccine fails to prevent the reactivation of latent tuberculosis. Med Hypotheses 2015; 88:82. [PMID: 26639529 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirtimaan Syal
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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Eisenhut M. Preventing Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by enhancement of innate immunity. Med Hypotheses 2015; 85:512. [PMID: 26165787 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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