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Xu L, Liu R, Qin Y, Wang T. Brain metabolism in Alzheimer's disease: biological mechanisms of exercise. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:33. [PMID: 37365651 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00364-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major subtype of neurodegenerative dementia caused by long-term interactions and accumulation of multiple adverse factors, accompanied by dysregulation of numerous intracellular signaling and molecular pathways in the brain. At the cellular and molecular levels, the neuronal cellular milieu of the AD brain exhibits metabolic abnormalities, compromised bioenergetics, impaired lipid metabolism, and reduced overall metabolic capacity, which lead to abnormal neural network activity and impaired neuroplasticity, thus accelerating the formation of extracellular senile plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. The current absence of effective pharmacological therapies for AD points to the urgent need to investigate the benefits of non-pharmacological approaches such as physical exercise. Despite the evidence that regular physical activity can improve metabolic dysfunction in the AD state, inhibit different pathophysiological molecular pathways associated with AD, influence the pathological process of AD, and exert a protective effect, there is no clear consensus on the specific biological and molecular mechanisms underlying the advantages of physical exercise. Here, we review how physical exercise improves crucial molecular pathways and biological processes associated with metabolic disorders in AD, including glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, Aβ metabolism and transport, iron metabolism and tau pathology. How metabolic states influence brain health is also presented. A better knowledge on the neurophysiological mechanisms by which exercise improves AD metabolism can contribute to the development of novel drugs and improvement of non-pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Xu
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin, 300050, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology & Sports Medicine, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin, 300050, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology & Sports Medicine, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yingkai Qin
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin, 300050, China.
| | - Tianhui Wang
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin, 300050, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology & Sports Medicine, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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Kao DS, Du Y, DeMarco AG, Min S, Hall MC, Rochet JC, Tao WA. Identification of Novel Kinases of Tau Using Fluorescence Complementation Mass Spectrometry (FCMS). Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100441. [PMID: 36379402 PMCID: PMC9755369 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperphosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein Tau is a major hallmark of Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. Understanding the protein kinases that phosphorylate Tau is critical for the development of new drugs that target Tau phosphorylation. At present, the repertoire of the Tau kinases remains incomplete, and methods to uncover novel upstream protein kinases are still limited. Here, we apply our newly developed proteomic strategy, fluorescence complementation mass spectrometry, to identify novel kinase candidates of Tau. By constructing Tau- and kinase-fluorescent fragment library, we detected 59 Tau-associated kinases, including 23 known kinases of Tau and 36 novel candidate kinases. In the validation phase using in vitro phosphorylation, among 15 candidate kinases we attempted to purify and test, four candidate kinases, OXSR1 (oxidative-stress responsive gene 1), DAPK2 (death-associated protein kinase 2), CSK (C-terminal SRC kinase), and ZAP70 (zeta chain of T-cell receptor-associated protein kinase 70), displayed the ability to phosphorylate Tau in time-course experiments. Furthermore, coexpression of these four kinases along with Tau increased the phosphorylation of Tau in human neuroglioma H4 cells. We demonstrate that fluorescence complementation mass spectrometry is a powerful proteomic strategy to systematically identify potential kinases that can phosphorylate Tau in cells. Our discovery of new candidate kinases of Tau can present new opportunities for developing Alzheimer's disease therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Der-Shyang Kao
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Yanyan Du
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Andrew G DeMarco
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Sehong Min
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Mark C Hall
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA; Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Jean-Christophe Rochet
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - W Andy Tao
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA; Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA; Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
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Mueed Z, Mehta D, Rai PK, Kamal MA, Poddar NK. Cross-Interplay between Osmolytes and mTOR in Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:4699-4711. [PMID: 32418522 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200518112355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, categorized by the piling of amyloid-β (Aβ), hyperphosphorylated tau, PHFs, NFTs and mTOR hyperactivity, is a neurodegenerative disorder, affecting people across the globe. Osmolytes are known for osmoprotectants and play a pivotal role in protein folding, function and protein stability, thus, preventing proteins aggregation, and counteracting effects of denaturing solutes on proteins. Osmolytes (viz., sorbitol, inositol, and betaine) perform a pivotal function of maintaining homeostasis during hyperosmotic stress. The selective advantage of utilising osmolytes over inorganic ions by cells is in maintaining cell volume without compromising cell function, which is important for organs such as the brain. Osmolytes have been documented not only as neuroprotectors but they also seem to act as neurodegenerators. Betaine, sucrose and trehalose supplementation has been seen to induce autophagy thereby inhibiting the accumulation of Aβ. In contrast, sucrose has also been associated with mTOR hyperactivity, a hallmark of AD pathology. The neuroprotective action of taurine is revealed when taurine supplementation is seen to inhibit neural damage, apoptosis and oxidative damage. Inositol stereoisomers (viz., scyllo-inositol and myo-inositol) have also been seen to inhibit Aβ production and plaque formation in the brain, inhibiting AD pathogenesis. However, TMAO affects the aging process adversely by deregulating the mTOR signalling pathway and then kindling cognitive dysfunction via degradation of chemical synapses and synaptic plasticity. Thus, it can be concluded that osmolytes may act as a probable therapeutic approach for neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we have reviewed and focussed upon the impact of osmolytes on mTOR signalling pathway and thereby its role in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeba Mueed
- Department of Biotechnology, Invertis University, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Devanshu Mehta
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India
| | - Pankaj K Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Invertis University, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad A Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Enzymoics; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
| | - Nitesh K Poddar
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Tyagi A, Kamal MA, Poddar NK. Integrated Pathways of COX-2 and mTOR: Roles in Cell Sensing and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:693. [PMID: 32742252 PMCID: PMC7364283 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenases (COX) are enzymes catalyzing arachidonic acid into prostanoids. COX exists in three isoforms: COX-1, 2, and 3. COX-1 and COX-2 have been widely studied in order to explore and understand their involvement in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a progressive neuroinflammatory dementia. COX-2 was traditionally viewed to be expressed only under pathological conditions and to have detrimental effects in AD pathophysiology and neurodegeneration. However, an increasing number of reports point to much more complex roles of COX-2 in AD. Mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been considered as a hub which integrates multiple signaling cascades, some of which are also involved in AD progression. COX-2 and mTOR are both involved in environmental sensing, growth, and metabolic processes of the cell. They are also known to act in cooperation in many different cancers and thus, their role together in normal cellular functions as well as AD has been explored in this review. Some of the therapeutic approaches targeting COX-2 and mTOR in AD and cancer are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Tyagi
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad A Kamal
- King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Enzymoics, Hebersham, NSW, Australia
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Sureda A, Capó X, Tejada S. Neuroprotective Effects of Flavonoid Compounds on Neuronal Death Associated to Alzheimer’s Disease. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:5124-5136. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666171226103237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is an increasing neurodegenerative pathology related to
age in many societies. Some aspects of the disease are related to the loss of neuronal cells
derived by the formation of extracellular neuritic plaques and the appearance of intracellular
neurofibrillary tangles, altogether generating an inflammatory and oxidative status.
The accumulation of amyloids in cells induces the activation of the apoptotic cascade
which implies caspases activation. Alzheimer’s disease is treated with acetylcholine esterase
inhibitors, although their effects are still far away to reduce or eliminate the problems
associated with the pathology. The lack of effective treatment has led to the search
for new therapeutic alternatives based on natural products. Flavonoids comprise a group
of phenolic compounds that have gained great interest since they present great diversity of
biological activities. In the present work, we review the potential uses of flavonoids and
the proposed mechanisms of action as a new therapeutic strategy in neurological cell
death associated with Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Xavier Capó
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Silvia Tejada
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), E- 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
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Saini N, Singh D, Sandhir R. Bacopa monnieri prevents colchicine-induced dementia by anti-inflammatory action. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:505-518. [PMID: 30604025 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0332-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is considered as an early event in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that precedes the formation of Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Therefore, strategies aimed at attenuating inflammation by phytochemicals may be a potential therapeutic intervention against AD. The present study was designed to evaluate if colchicine-induced inflammation and Aβ production could be prevented by Bacopa monnieri (BM) supplementation. Dementia was induced by a single intracerebroventicular injection of colchicine (15 μg/5 μl), whereas, BM extract was administered orally (50 mg/kg body weight, daily) for 15 days. Assessment of cognitive functions using Morris water maze revealed deficits in colchicine administered animals. This was accompanied by significant increase in oxidative stress in terms of accentuated ROS and NO production. Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) and chemokine (MCP-1) increased in the brain regions. Furthermore, COX-2 and iNOS expression also increased significantly in the brain regions of colchicine-administered animals. In addition, BACE-1 activity increased in the colchicine treated animals, which was accompanied by enhanced Aβ production. On the other hand, BM supplementation was able to improve cognitive functions, suppress Aβ formation by reducing BACE-1 activity. Inflammatory and oxidative stress markers were attenuated in the brain regions of BM supplemented animals. Taken together, the findings reveal that BM reverses colchicine-induced dementia by its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant action suggesting that it may be an effective therapeutic intervention to ameliorate progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Saini
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
- Department of Zoology, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India
| | - Devinder Singh
- Department of Zoology, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India
| | - Rajat Sandhir
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Hyperosmotic Stress Initiates AMPK-Independent Autophagy and AMPK- and Autophagy-Independent Depletion of Thioredoxin 1 and Glyoxalase 2 in HT22 Nerve Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2715810. [PMID: 31049129 PMCID: PMC6458930 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2715810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Hyperosmotic stress is an important pathophysiologic condition in diabetes, severe trauma, dehydration, infection, and ischemia. Furthermore, brain neuronal cells face hyperosmotic stress in ageing and Alzheimer's disease. Despite the enormous importance of knowing the homeostatic mechanisms underlying the responses of nerve cells to hyperosmotic stress, this topic has been underrepresented in the literature. Recent evidence points to autophagy induction as a hallmark of hyperosmotic stress, which has been proposed to be controlled by mTOR inhibition as a consequence of AMPK activation. We previously showed that methylglyoxal induced a decrease in the antioxidant proteins thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) and glyoxalase 2 (Glo2), which was mediated by AMPK-dependent autophagy. Thus, we hypothesized that hyperosmotic stress would have the same effect. Methods HT22 hippocampal nerve cells were treated with NaCl (37, 75, or 150 mM), and the activation of the AMPK/mTOR pathway was investigated, as well as the levels of Trx1 and Glo2. To determine if autophagy was involved, the inhibitors bafilomycin (Baf) and chloroquine (CQ), as well as ATG5 siRNA, were used. To test for AMPK involvement, AMPK-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were used. Results Hyperosmotic stress induced a clear increase in autophagy, which was demonstrated by a decrease in p62 and an increase in LC3 lipidation. AMPK phosphorylation, linked to a decrease in mTOR and S6 ribosomal protein phosphorylation, was also observed. Deletion of AMPK in MEFs did not prevent autophagy induction by hyperosmotic stress, as detected by decreased p62 and increased LC3 II, or mTOR inhibition, inferred by decreased phosphorylation of P70 S6 kinase and S6 ribosomal protein. These data indicating that AMPK was not involved in autophagy activation by hyperosmotic stress were supported by a decrease in pS555-ULK1, an AMPK phosphorylation site. Trx1 and Glo2 levels were decreased at 6 and 18 h after treatment with 150 mM NaCl. However, this decrease in Trx1 and Glo2 in HT22 cells was not prevented by autophagy inhibition by Baf, CQ, or ATG5 siRNA. AMPK-deficient MEFs under hyperosmotic stress presented the same Trx1 and Glo2 decrease as wild-type cells. Conclusion Hyperosmotic stress induced AMPK activation, but this was not responsible for its effects on mTOR activity or autophagy induction. Moreover, the decrease in Trx1 and Glo2 induced by hyperosmotic stress was independent of both autophagy and AMPK activation.
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Pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and tissue distribution study of JCC-02, a novel N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor inhibitor, in rats by LC-MS/MS. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 131:146-152. [PMID: 30776467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
JCC-02, N-(3,5-dimethyladamantan-1-yl)-N'-(3-chlorophenyl) urea, has been developed as a novel N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor inhibitor for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed to determine the concentration of JCC-02 in rat plasma and different tissues to investigate its pharmacokinetic behavior in vivo and distribution character in organs. The matrix samples were prepared by protein precipitation method with acetonitrile using gliclazide as the internal standard (IS). This validated method was successfully applied to JCC-02 pharmacokinetic study in rats after oral administration of low (0.7 mg·kg-1), medium (2 mg·kg-1) and high (6 mg·kg-1) concentration, intravenous administration (2 mg·kg-1) as well as tissue distribution in rats after administration of JCC-02 (2 mg·kg-1) orally. The results indicated that the area under the time curve (AUC0-∞) and peak plasma concentration (Cmax) were directly proportional to dosage and the pharmacokinetic behavior of JCC-02 in rats was a linear process with respect to dosage. JCC-02 could be absorbed into blood circulation rapidly because of its short time to reach peak plasma concentration (tmax). Meanwhile, JCC-02 has a low clearance and a high volume of distribution, which might result in its long half-time. Oral absolute bioavailability (F) of JCC-02 was (14.61 ± 5.81)%, which was turned out to be low relatively. In tissues, the differences of JCC-02 concentration were quite large. After administration, small intestine (22.29 ± 15.86 μg·mL-1), stomach (7.21 ± 2.87 μg·mL-1), large intestine (1.27 ± 0.57 μg·mL-1), liver (0.96 ± 0.52 μg·mL-1) and fat (0.48 ± 0.24 μg·mL-1) were the first five organs with the largest drug concentration. Small intestine could be the main part of drug absorption where most of the drug was distributed after oral administration. More importantly, JCC-02 could cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which may probably have a pretty good therapeutic effect on AD.
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Hahr JY. Physiology of aging. Med Hypotheses 2018; 123:83-85. [PMID: 30696601 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In a natural state, death of the neuronal cells of the central nervous system is a hallmark of the aging process and occurs very insidiously. As we age, a natural loss of the body water occurs simultaneously with a rise in plasma osmolality. When a progressive rise in plasma osmolality occurs with age, it increases the effective viscosity of the circulating blood, and the thickened blood fails to perfuse the body systems and organs. If red blood cells fail to perfuse the central nervous system, the neuronal cells die from hypoxia and a lack of essential nutrients. This process is insidious but unavoidable. Hyperosmolality occurs in all mammals and it is a natural phenomenon of mammalian aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Y Hahr
- Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, 9200 W. Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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Lee JH, Oh IH, Lim HK. Stem Cell Therapy: A Prospective Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease. Psychiatry Investig 2016; 13:583-589. [PMID: 27909447 PMCID: PMC5128344 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2016.13.6.583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) without cure remains as a serious health issue in the modern society. The major neuropathological alterations in AD are characterized by chronic neuroinflammation and neuronal loss due to neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau, plaques of β-amyloid (Aβ) and various metabolic dysfunctions. Due to the multifaceted nature of AD pathology and our limited understanding on its etiology, AD is difficult to be treated with currently available pharmaceuticals. This unmet need, however, could be met with stem cell technology that can be engineered to replace neuronal loss in AD patients. Although stem cell therapy for AD is only in its development stages, it has vast potential uses ranging from replacement therapy to disease modelling and drug development. Current progress with stem cells in animal model studies offers promising results for the new prospective treatment for AD. This review will discuss the characteristics of AD, current progress in stem cell therapy and remaining challenges and promises in its development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Han Lee
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Il-Hoan Oh
- The Catholic High-Performance Cell Therapy Center & Department of Medical Lifescience, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kook Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Vincent Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Meng DL, Shang L, Feng XH, Huang XF, Che X. Xanthoceraside hollow gold nanoparticles, green pharmaceutics preparation for poorly water-soluble natural anti-AD medicine. Int J Pharm 2016; 506:184-90. [PMID: 27102991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In order to increase the solubility of poorly water-soluble natural product, xanthoceraside, an effective anti-AD compound from Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge, and maintain its natural property, the xanthoceraside hollow gold nanoparticles were successively prepared by green ultrasonic method with silica spheres as templates and HF solution as selective etching solvent. Hollow gold nanoparticles and drug-loaded hollow gold nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The solubilities of xanthoceraside loaded on hollow gold nanoparticles were increased obviously from 3.0μg/ml and 2.5μg/ml to 12.7μg/ml and 10.7μg/ml at 25°C and 37°C, respectively. The results of XRD and DSC indicated that the reason for this increase was mainly due to the amorphous state of xanthoceraside loaded on the hollow gold nanoparticles. In summary, the method of loading xanthoceraside onto hollow gold nanoparticles was a green and useful strategy to improve the solubility and dissolution of poorly water-soluble natural products and worth to applying to other natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Li Meng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Lei Shang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Xiao-He Feng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Xing-Fei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Xin Che
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Rd., Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China.
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