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Clarke C, Kerr TJ, Warren RM, Kleynhans L, Miller MA, Goosen WJ. Identification and Characterisation of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in African Buffaloes ( Syncerus caffer), South Africa. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091861. [PMID: 36144463 PMCID: PMC9503067 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) may be confounded by immunological cross-reactivity to Mycobacterium bovis antigens when animals are sensitised by certain nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTMs). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate NTM species diversity in African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) respiratory secretions and tissue samples, using a combination of novel molecular tools. Oronasal swabs were collected opportunistically from 120 immobilised buffaloes in historically bTB-free herds. In addition, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF; n = 10) and tissue samples (n = 19) were obtained during post-mortem examination. Mycobacterial species were identified directly from oronasal swab samples using the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra qPCR (14/120 positive) and GenoType CMdirect (104/120 positive). In addition, all samples underwent mycobacterial culture, and PCRs targeting hsp65 and rpoB were performed. Overall, 55 NTM species were identified in 36 mycobacterial culture-positive swab samples with presence of esat-6 or cfp-10 detected in 20 of 36 isolates. The predominant species were M. avium complex and M. komanii. Nontuberculous mycobacteria were also isolated from 6 of 10 culture-positive BALF and 4 of 19 culture-positive tissue samples. Our findings demonstrate that there is a high diversity of NTMs present in buffaloes, and further investigation should determine their role in confounding bTB diagnosis in this species.
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Versey Z, da Cruz Nizer WS, Russell E, Zigic S, DeZeeuw KG, Marek JE, Overhage J, Cassol E. Biofilm-Innate Immune Interface: Contribution to Chronic Wound Formation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:648554. [PMID: 33897696 PMCID: PMC8062706 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.648554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Delayed wound healing can cause significant issues for immobile and ageing individuals as well as those living with co-morbid conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. These delays increase a patient’s risk for infection and, in severe cases, can result in the formation of chronic, non-healing ulcers (e.g., diabetic foot ulcers, surgical site infections, pressure ulcers and venous leg ulcers). Chronic wounds are very difficult and expensive to treat and there is an urgent need to develop more effective therapeutics that restore healing processes. Sustained innate immune activation and inflammation are common features observed across most chronic wound types. However, the factors driving this activation remain incompletely understood. Emerging evidence suggests that the composition and structure of the wound microbiome may play a central role in driving this dysregulated activation but the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these processes require further investigation. In this review, we will discuss the current literature on: 1) how bacterial populations and biofilms contribute to chronic wound formation, 2) the role of bacteria and biofilms in driving dysfunctional innate immune responses in chronic wounds, and 3) therapeutics currently available (or underdevelopment) that target bacteria-innate immune interactions to improve healing. We will also discuss potential issues in studying the complexity of immune-biofilm interactions in chronic wounds and explore future areas of investigation for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Versey
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Emily Russell
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sandra Zigic
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Katrina G DeZeeuw
- Department of Complex Continuing Care, Saint Vincent Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jonah E Marek
- Department of Complex Continuing Care, Saint Vincent Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Joerg Overhage
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Edana Cassol
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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