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Depsipeptides Targeting Tumor Cells: Milestones from In Vitro to Clinical Trials. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020670. [PMID: 36677728 PMCID: PMC9864405 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is currently considered one of the most threatening diseases worldwide. Diet could be one of the factors that can be enhanced to comprehensively address a cancer patient's condition. Unfortunately, most molecules capable of targeting cancer cells are found in uncommon food sources. Among them, depsipeptides have emerged as one of the most reliable choices for cancer treatment. These cyclic amino acid oligomers, with one or more subunits replaced by a hydroxylated carboxylic acid resulting in one lactone bond in a core ring, have broadly proven their cancer-targeting efficacy, some even reaching clinical trials and being commercialized as "anticancer" drugs. This review aimed to describe these depsipeptides, their reported amino acid sequences, determined structure, and the specific mechanism by which they target tumor cells including apoptosis, oncosis, and elastase inhibition, among others. Furthermore, we have delved into state-of-the-art in vivo and clinical trials, current methods for purification and synthesis, and the recognized disadvantages of these molecules. The information collated in this review can help researchers decide whether these molecules should be incorporated into functional foods in the near future.
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Chen H, Zhou C, Hu Z, Sang M, Ni S, Wu J, Pan Q, Tong J, Liu K, Li N, Zhu L, Xu G. Construction of an algorithm based on oncosis-related LncRNAs comprising the molecular subtypes and a risk assessment model in lung adenocarcinoma. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24461. [PMID: 35476781 PMCID: PMC9169186 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As an important non‐apoptotic cell death method, oncosis has been reported to be closely associated with tumors in recent years. However, few research reported the relationship between oncosis and lung cancer. Methods In this study, we established an oncosis‐based algorithm comprised of cluster grouping and a risk assessment model to predict the survival outcomes and related tumor immunity of patients with lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD). We selected 11 oncosis‐related lncRNAs associated with the prognosis (CARD8‐AS1, LINC00941, LINC01137, LINC01116, AC010980.2, LINC00324, AL365203.2, AL606489.1, AC004687.1, HLA‐DQB1‐AS1, and AL590226.1) to divide the LUAD patients into different clusters and different risk groups. Compared with patients in clsuter1, patients in cluster2 had a survival advantage and had a relatively more active tumor immunity. Subsequently, we constructed a risk assessment model to distinguish between patients into different risk groups, in which low‐risk patients tend to have a better prognosis. GO enrichment analysis revealed that the risk assessment model was closely related to immune activities. In addition, low‐risk patients tended to have a higher content of immune cells and stromal cells in tumor microenvironment, higher expression of PD‐1, CTLA‐4, HAVCR2, and were more sensitive to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including PD‐1/CTLA‐4 inhibitors. The risk score had a significantly positive correlation with tumor mutation burden (TMB). The survival curve of the novel oncosis‐based algorithm suggested that low‐risk patients in cluster2 have the most obvious survival advantage. Conclusion The novel oncosis‐based algorithm investigated the prognosis and the related tumor immunity of patients with LUAD, which could provide theoretical support for customized individual treatment for LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chongchang Zhou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zeyang Hu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Menglu Sang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Saiqi Ni
- Department of Urology, Ningbo City First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiacheng Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qiaoling Pan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jingtao Tong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Kaitai Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ni Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Linwen Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Guodong Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Salman MM, Kitchen P, Yool AJ, Bill RM. Recent breakthroughs and future directions in drugging aquaporins. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2022; 43:30-42. [PMID: 34863533 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins facilitate the passive transport of water, solutes, or ions across biological membranes. They are implicated in diverse pathologies including brain edema following stroke or trauma, epilepsy, cancer cell migration and tumor angiogenesis, metabolic disorders, and inflammation. Despite this, there is no aquaporin-targeted drug in the clinic and aquaporins have been perceived to be intrinsically non-druggable targets. Here we challenge this idea, as viable routes to inhibition of aquaporin function have recently been identified, including targeting their regulation or their roles as channels for unexpected substrates. Identifying new drug development frameworks for conditions associated with disrupted water and solute homeostasis will meet the urgent, unmet clinical need of millions of patients for whom no pharmacological interventions are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mootaz M Salman
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Kavli Institute for NanoScience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK; Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Philip Kitchen
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
| | - Andrea J Yool
- University of Adelaide, School of Biomedicine, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
| | - Roslyn M Bill
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
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