1
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Fanthom TB, Wilson C, Gruber D, Bracewell DG. Solid-Solid Interfacial Contact of Tubing Walls Drives Therapeutic Protein Aggregation During Peristaltic Pumping. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:3022-3034. [PMID: 37595747 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Peristaltic pumping during bioprocessing can cause therapeutic protein loss and aggregation during use. Due to the complexity of this apparatus, root-cause mechanisms behind protein loss have been long sought. We have developed new methodologies isolating various peristaltic pump mechanisms to determine their effect on monomer loss. Closed-loops of peristaltic tubing were used to investigate the effects of peristaltic pump parameters on temperature and monomer loss, whilst two mechanism isolation methodologies are used to isolate occlusion and lateral expansion-relaxation of peristaltic tubing. Heat generated during peristaltic pumping can cause heat-induced monomer loss and the extent of heat gain is dependent on pump speed and tubing type. Peristaltic pump speed was inversely related to the rate of monomer loss whereby reducing speed 2.0-fold increased loss rates by 2.0- to 5.0-fold. Occlusion is a parameter that describes the amount of tubing compression during pumping. Varying this to start the contacting of inner tubing walls is a threshold that caused an immediate 20-30% additional monomer loss and turbidity increase. During occlusion, expansion-relaxation of solid-liquid interfaces and solid-solid interface contact of tubing walls can occur simultaneously. Using two mechanisms isolation methods, the latter mechanism was found to be most destructive and a function of solid-solid contact area, where increasing the contact area 2.0-fold increased monomer loss by 1.6-fold. We establish that a form of solid-solid contact mechanism whereby the contact solid interfaces disrupt adsorbed protein films is the root-cause behind monomer loss and protein aggregation during peristaltic pumping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Fanthom
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Bernard Katz Building, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Christopher Wilson
- Ipsen Biopharm, 9 Ash Road North, Wrexham Industrial Estate, Wales, LL13 9UF, UK
| | - David Gruber
- Ipsen Biopharm, 9 Ash Road North, Wrexham Industrial Estate, Wales, LL13 9UF, UK
| | - Daniel G Bracewell
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Bernard Katz Building, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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2
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Vitharana S, Stillahn JM, Katayama DS, Henry CS, Manning MC. Application of Formulation Principles to Stability Issues Encountered During Processing, Manufacturing, and Storage of Drug Substance and Drug Product Protein Therapeutics. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2724-2751. [PMID: 37572779 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The field of formulation and stabilization of protein therapeutics has become rather extensive. However, most of the focus has been on stabilization of the final drug product. Yet, proteins experience stress and degradation through the manufacturing process, starting with fermentaition. This review describes how formulation principles can be applied to stabilize biopharmaceutical proteins during bioprocessing and manufacturing, considering each unit operation involved in prepration of the drug substance. In addition, the impact of the container on stabilty is discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua M Stillahn
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO 80534, USA; Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | | | - Charles S Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Mark Cornell Manning
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO 80534, USA; Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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3
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Fares HM, Carnovale M, Tabouguia MON, Jordan S, Katz JS. Novel Surfactant Compatibility with Downstream Protein Bioprocesses. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:1811-1820. [PMID: 37094665 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Downstream processing of antibodies consists of a series of steps aimed at purifying the product and ensuring it is delivered to formulators structurally and functionally intact. The process can be complex and time-consuming, involving multiple filtrations, chromatography, and buffer exchange steps that can interfere with product integrity. This study explores the possibility and benefits of adding N-myristoyl phenylalanine polyether amine diamide (FM1000) as a process aid. FM1000 is a nonionic surfactant that is highly effective at stabilizing proteins against aggregation and particle formation and has been extensively explored as a novel excipient for antibody formulations. In this work, FM1000 is shown to stabilize proteins against pumping-induced aggregation which can occur while transporting them between process units and within certain processes. It is also shown to prevent antibody fouling of multiple polymeric surfaces. Furthermore, FM1000 can be removed after some steps and during buffer exchange in ultrafiltration/diafiltration, if needed. Additionally, FM1000 was compared to polysorbates in studies focusing on surfactant retention on filters and columns. While the different molecular entities of polysorbates elute at different rates, FM1000 flows through purification units as a single molecule and at a faster rate. Overall, this work defines new areas of application for FM1000 within downstream processing and presents it as a versatile process aid, where its addition and removal are tunable depending on the needs of each product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi M Fares
- Colloids and Biopharma R&D, Pharma Solutions R&D, International Flavors and Fragrances, Wilmington, DE 19803
| | - Miriam Carnovale
- Colloids and Biopharma R&D, Pharma Solutions R&D, International Flavors and Fragrances, Wilmington, DE 19803
| | - Megane O N Tabouguia
- Colloids and Biopharma R&D, Pharma Solutions R&D, International Flavors and Fragrances, Wilmington, DE 19803
| | - Susan Jordan
- Colloids and Biopharma R&D, Pharma Solutions R&D, International Flavors and Fragrances, Wilmington, DE 19803
| | - Joshua S Katz
- Colloids and Biopharma R&D, Pharma Solutions R&D, International Flavors and Fragrances, Wilmington, DE 19803.
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4
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Štimac A, Kurtović T, Halassy B. Multi-Detection Size Exclusion Chromatography as an Advanced Tool for Monitoring Enzyme-Antibody Conjugation Reaction and Quality Control of a Final Product. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114567. [PMID: 37299042 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The multi-detection size exclusion chromatography (SEC) has been recognized as an advanced analytical technique for the characterization of macromolecules and process control, as well as the manufacturing and formulation of biotechnology products. It reveals reproducible molecular characterization data, such as molecular weight and its distribution, and the size, shape, and composition of the sample peaks. The aim of this work was to investigate the potential and suitability of the multi-detection SEC as a tool for surveillance over the molecular processes during the conjugation reaction between the antibody (IgG) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and demonstrate the plausibility of its application in the quality control of the final product, the IgG-HRP conjugate. Guinea pig anti-Vero IgG-HRP conjugate was prepared using a modified periodate oxidation method, based on periodate oxidation of the carbohydrate side chains of HRP, followed by the formation of Schiff bases between the activated HRP and amino groups of the IgG. The quantitative molecular characterization data of the starting samples, intermediates, and final product were obtained by multi-detection SEC. Titration of the prepared conjugate was performed by the ELISA and its optimal working dilution was determined. This methodology proved to be a promising and powerful technology for the IgG-HRP conjugate process control and development, as well as for the quality control of the final product, as verified by the analysis of several commercially available reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Štimac
- Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Rockefellerova 10, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Center of Excellence for Virus Immunology and Vaccines, Rockefellerova 10, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tihana Kurtović
- Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Rockefellerova 10, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Center of Excellence for Virus Immunology and Vaccines, Rockefellerova 10, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Beata Halassy
- Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Rockefellerova 10, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Center of Excellence for Virus Immunology and Vaccines, Rockefellerova 10, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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5
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Agrawal P, Wilkstein K, Guinn E, Mason M, Serrano Martinez CI, Saylae J. A Review of Tangential Flow Filtration: Process Development and Applications in the Pharmaceutical Industry. Org Process Res Dev 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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6
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Kannan A, Chinn M, Izadi S, Maier A, Dvornicky J, Fedesco M, Day E, Ladiwala A, Woys A. Predicting Formulation Conditions During Ultrafiltration and Dilution to Drug Substance Using a Donnan Model with Homology-Model Based Protein Charge. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:820-829. [PMID: 36336103 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In the manufacturing of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), the final steps of the purification process are typically ultrafiltration/diafiltration (UF/DF), dilution, and conditioning. These steps are developed such that the final drug substance (DS) is formulated to the desired mAb, buffer, and excipient concentrations. To develop these processes, process and formulation development scientists often perform experiments to account for the Gibbs-Donnan and volume-exclusion effects during UF/DF, which affect the output pH and buffer concentration of the UF/DF process. This work describes the development of an in silico model for predicting the DS pH and buffer concentration after accounting for the Gibbs-Donnan and volume-exclusion effects during the UF/DF operation and the subsequent dilution and conditioning steps. The model was validated using statistical analysis to compare model predictions against experimental results for nine molecules of varying protein concentrations and formulations. In addition, our results showed that the structure-based in silico approach used to calculate the protein charge was more accurate than a sequence-based approach. Finally, we used the model to gain fundamental insights about the Gibbs-Donnan effect by highlighting the role of the protein charge concentration (the protein concentration multiplied with protein charge at the formulation pH) on the Gibbs-Donnan effect. Overall, this work demonstrates that the Gibbs-Donnan and volume-exclusions effects can be predicted using an in silico model, potentially alleviating the need for experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aadithya Kannan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Michael Chinn
- Department of Purification Development, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Saeed Izadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Andrew Maier
- Department of Purification Development, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - James Dvornicky
- Department of Purification Development, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Mark Fedesco
- Department of Purification Development, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Eric Day
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Asif Ladiwala
- Department of Purification Development, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Ann Woys
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States.
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7
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Deiringer N, Leitner I, Friess W. Effect of the Tubing Material Used in Peristaltic Pumping in Tangential Flow Filtration Processes of Biopharmaceutics on Particle Formation and Flux. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:665-672. [PMID: 36220395 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Tangential flow filtration (TFF) is a central step in manufacturing of biopharmaceutics. Membrane clogging leads to decreased permeate flux, longer process time and potentially complete failure of the process. The effect of peristaltic pumping with tubings made of three different materials on protein particle formation during TFF was monitored via micro flow imaging, turbidity and photo documentation. At low protein concentrations, pumping with a membrane pump resulted in a stable flux with low protein particle concentration. Using a peristaltic pump led to markedly higher protein particle formation dependent on tubing type. With increasing protein particle formation propensity of the tubing, the permeate flux rate became lower and the process took longer. The protein particles formed in the pump were captured in the cassette and accumulated on the membrane leading to blocking. Using tubing with a hydrophilic copolymer modification counteracted membrane clogging and flux decrease by reducing protein particle formation. In ultrafiltration mode the permeate flux decrease was governed by the viscosity increase rather than by the protein aggregation; but using modified tubing is still beneficial due to a lower particle burden of the product. In summary, using tubing material for peristaltic pumping in TFF processes which leads a less protein particle formation, especially tubing material with hydrophilic modification, is highly beneficial for membrane flux and particle burden of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Deiringer
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Imke Leitner
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Friess
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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8
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Continuous background correction of refractive index signal to improve monoclonal antibody concentration monitoring during UF/DF and SPTFF operations. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2022; 45:647-657. [PMID: 34989873 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02683-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Inline refractive index (RI) has the potential for monitoring protein concentration during final bulk concentration. While useful for monitoring and controlling product concentration, RI is sensitive to the respective background buffer being used for processing. This raises concerns around variations in buffer preparations, and during diafiltration where the buffer background is a mixture of different buffers during exchange. This study evaluated whether the use of a RI probe in the permeate line could facilitate continuous background subtraction (dual RI) and improve concentration monitoring during ultrafiltration/diafiltration and single pass TFF concentration for IgG1 and IgG4 antibodies. The proposed dual RI strategy yielded reductions in % error compared to the use of a single refractive index estimate from the retentate line (6.18% vs 8.63% for IgG4 and 2.65% vs 8.85% for IgG1) during traditional ultrafiltration/diafiltration. The improvement in IgG estimates were best during diafiltration where the continuous background subtraction of the permeate RI-enabled continuous monitoring of antibody material without knowledge of what the background buffer was compared to the use of a single RI estimate (6.47% vs 10.79% for IgG4 and 3.29% vs 19.59% for IgG1). In contrast minimal improvement to accuracy was obtained when using SPTFF as a concentration step. The ability to monitor product concentration changes via the proposed dual RI approach removes the need for complex calibrations, minimal worry about changing buffer backgrounds during diafiltration, and could enable better process control during product concentration in the cGMP manufacture of biologics.
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9
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Hillebrandt N, Vormittag P, Dietrich A, Wegner CH, Hubbuch J. Process development for cross-flow diafiltration-based VLP disassembly: A novel high-throughput screening approach. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:3926-3940. [PMID: 34170511 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are particulate structures, which are applied as vaccines or delivery vehicles. VLPs assemble from subunits, named capsomeres, composed of recombinantly expressed viral structural proteins. During downstream processing, in vivo-assembled VLPs are typically dis- and reassembled to remove encapsulated impurities and to improve particle morphology. Disassembly is achieved in a high-pH solution and by the addition of a denaturant or reducing agent. The optimal disassembly conditions depend on the VLP amino acid sequence and structure, thus requiring material-consuming disassembly experiments. To this end, we developed a low-volume and high-resolution disassembly screening that provides time-resolved insight into the VLP disassembly progress. In this study, two variants of C-terminally truncated hepatitis B core antigen were investigated showing different disassembly behaviors. For both VLPs, the best capsomere yield was achieved at moderately high urea concentration and pH. Nonetheless, their disassembly behaviors differed particularly with respect to disassembly rate and aggregation. Based on the high-throughput screening results, a diafiltration-based disassembly process step was developed. Compared with mixing-based disassembly, it resulted in higher yields of up to 0.84 and allowed for integrated purification. This process step was embedded in a filtration-based process sequence of disassembly, capsomere separation, and reassembly, considerably reducing high-molecular-weight species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Hillebrandt
- Institute of Engineering in Life Sciences - Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Vormittag
- Institute of Engineering in Life Sciences - Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Annabelle Dietrich
- Institute of Engineering in Life Sciences - Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Christina H Wegner
- Institute of Engineering in Life Sciences - Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hubbuch
- Institute of Engineering in Life Sciences - Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
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10
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Thakur G, Hebbi V, Rathore AS. Near Infrared Spectroscopy as a PAT tool for monitoring and control of protein and excipient concentration in ultrafiltration of highly concentrated antibody formulations. Int J Pharm 2021; 600:120456. [PMID: 33711473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Excipient concentrations are critical quality attributes of monoclonal antibody (mAb) drug products and affect their safety and efficacy. In manufacturing processes, mAb products are formulated into the buffer containing the desired excipients using ultrafiltration (UF) and diafiltration (DF). Control of excipient concentrations is a challenge during high concentration UF due to electrostatic interactions which lead to excipient concentration drifts. This challenge is of increasing importance due to the growing preference towards high concentration subcutaneous drug formulations over conventional intravenous formulations in the biotherapeutic industry. Excipient concentrations are currently measured using offline RP-HPLC which is time-consuming and not suited for real time control. We propose a novel process analytical technology (PAT) tool for monitoring and control of mAb and excipients in high concentration UF using Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS). The NIRS is able to monitor concentrations within ±1% for mAb and ±2% for two common excipients, L-histidine and acetate. A Python-based controller uses real time concentration data to deliver concentrated excipient stock solutions to the UF reservoir whenever the excipient concentrations drift out of range. The PAT control system is able to achieve the target formulation without manual intervention or at-line analysis and is well-suited for implementation in mAb manufacturing platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Thakur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, 110016 Hauz Khas, India
| | - Vishwanath Hebbi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, 110016 Hauz Khas, India
| | - Anurag S Rathore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, 110016 Hauz Khas, India. http://www.biotechcmz.com
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11
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Review of Membrane Separation Models and Technologies: Processing Complex Food-Based Biomolecular Fractions. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-020-02559-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Thakur G, Thori S, Rathore AS. Implementing PAT for single-pass tangential flow ultrafiltration for continuous manufacturing of monoclonal antibodies. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Holstein M, Hung J, Feroz H, Ranjan S, Du C, Ghose S, Li ZJ. Strategies for high‐concentration drug substance manufacturing to facilitate subcutaneous administration: A review. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:3591-3606. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Holstein
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply Bristol‐Myers Squibb Co. Devens Massachusetts
| | - Jessica Hung
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply Bristol‐Myers Squibb Co. Devens Massachusetts
| | - Hasin Feroz
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply Bristol‐Myers Squibb Co. Devens Massachusetts
| | - Swarnim Ranjan
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply Bristol‐Myers Squibb Co. Devens Massachusetts
| | - Cheng Du
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply Bristol‐Myers Squibb Co. Devens Massachusetts
| | - Sanchayita Ghose
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply Bristol‐Myers Squibb Co. Devens Massachusetts
| | - Zheng Jian Li
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply Bristol‐Myers Squibb Co. Devens Massachusetts
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14
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Arazo M, Jaque N, Caro N, Abugoch L, Tapia C. Development of a scalable procedure by a discontinuous crossflow DF/UF to obtain a concentrate of chenopodin from a dead-end centrifugal UF at bench scale. Food Chem 2020; 313:126154. [PMID: 31931425 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.126154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a scalable crossflow diafiltration/ultrafiltration procedure for quinoa 11S globulin purification starting at the bench scale using Ultra15 centrifugal filter devices. The electrophoretic profiles of centrifugal ultrafiltration fractions showed a high heterogeneity in the bands, while crossflow ultrafiltration reduced the phenomena of protein sticking to the membrane, avoiding aggregate formation. In the crossflow protein concentration, flux decline curves were studied according to Hermia's fouling mechanisms and the resistance in a series model. High reversible resistance was related to external mechanisms due to complete blockage of the membrane surface followed by cake formation. The crossflow ultrafiltration was the most efficient technique for obtaining 57 kDa chenopodin isolate with higher processing capacity, purity and protein yield. The diafiltration/ultrafiltration process proved to be adequate and easy to handle to scale up the production of the 11S quinoa globulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Migdalia Arazo
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Alimentos y Tecnología Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Nestor Jaque
- Centro de Investigación AustralBiotech, Universidad Santo Tomás, Av. Ejército Libertador 146, Torre C, Nivel-2, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nelson Caro
- Centro de Investigación AustralBiotech, Universidad Santo Tomás, Av. Ejército Libertador 146, Torre C, Nivel-2, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lilian Abugoch
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Alimentos y Tecnología Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Cristian Tapia
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Alimentos y Tecnología Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Santiago, Chile.
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15
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Hebbi V, Roy S, Rathore AS, Shukla A. Modeling and prediction of excipient and pH drifts during ultrafiltration/diafiltration of monoclonal antibody biotherapeutic for high concentration formulations. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Brovč EV, Mravljak J, Šink R, Pajk S. Rational design to biologics development: The polysorbates point of view. Int J Pharm 2020; 581:119285. [PMID: 32240804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Formulation development is an essential part of any biopharmaceuticals development programme, and this will affect quality, safety and efficacy of the final drug product. The vast majority of biopharmaceuticals on the market are therapeutic proteins; however, these are less stable compared to conventional pharmaceuticals. To counter aggregation, denaturation and surface adsorption of proteins in solution, surfactants are added to the formulations; however, the choice of the best formulation is a challenge that is faced during formulation development. Polysorbates are the most widely used surfactants in the pharmaceutical industry and are presented in >80% of commercial monoclonal antibody formulations. In this review, we provide a general overview of polysorbates and their issues, and the characteristics that have to be taken into account during formulation development. Degradation of polysorbates, namely by hydrolysis and/or oxidation, is one of the main concerns associated with their use. Furthermore, degradation of polysorbates is determined by formulation composition, pH and storage conditions, therefore underlining the importance and complexity of protein formulation development using polysorbates. A need-based approach should be used for correct selection of excipients in protein formulations that contain polysorbates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema Valentina Brovč
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Global Drug Development Technical Research & Development, Novartis, Biologics Technical Development Mengeš, Drug Product Development, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Kolodvorska 27, SI-1234 Mengeš, Slovenia
| | - Janez Mravljak
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Roman Šink
- Global Drug Development Technical Research & Development, Novartis, Biologics Technical Development Mengeš, Drug Product Development, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Kolodvorska 27, SI-1234 Mengeš, Slovenia
| | - Stane Pajk
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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17
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Fernandez-Cerezo L, Rayat AC, Chatel A, Pollard JM, Lye GJ, Hoare M. The prediction of the operating conditions on the permeate flux and on protein aggregation during membrane processing of monoclonal antibodies. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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18
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Li Y, Stern D, Lock LL, Mills J, Ou SH, Morrow M, Xu X, Ghose S, Li ZJ, Cui H. Emerging biomaterials for downstream manufacturing of therapeutic proteins. Acta Biomater 2019; 95:73-90. [PMID: 30862553 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Downstream processing is considered one of the most challenging phases of industrial manufacturing of therapeutic proteins, accounting for a large portion of the total production costs. The growing demand for therapeutic proteins in the biopharmaceutical market in addition to a significant rise in upstream titers have placed an increasing burden on the downstream purification process, which is often limited by high cost and insufficient capacities. To achieve efficient production and reduced costs, a variety of biomaterials have been exploited to improve the current techniques and also to develop superior alternatives. In this work, we discuss the significance of utilizing traditional biomaterials in downstream processing and review the recent progress in the development of new biomaterials for use in protein separation and purification. Several representative methods will be highlighted and discussed in detail, including affinity chromatography, non-affinity chromatography, membrane separations, magnetic separations, and precipitation/phase separations. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Nowadays, downstream processing of therapeutic proteins is facing great challenges created by the rapid increase of the market size and upstream titers, starving for significant improvements or innovations in current downstream unit operations. Biomaterials have been widely used in downstream manufacturing of proteins and efforts have been continuously devoted to developing more advanced biomaterials for the implementation of more efficient and economical purification methods. This review covers recent advances in the development and application of biomaterials specifically exploited for various chromatographic and non-chromatographic techniques, highlighting several promising alternative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - David Stern
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Lye Lin Lock
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, MA 01434, United States
| | - Jason Mills
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, MA 01434, United States
| | - Shih-Hao Ou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Marina Morrow
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Xuankuo Xu
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, MA 01434, United States.
| | - Sanchayita Ghose
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, MA 01434, United States
| | - Zheng Jian Li
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, MA 01434, United States
| | - Honggang Cui
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States; Department of Oncology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
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19
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Li J, Krause ME, Chen X, Cheng Y, Dai W, Hill JJ, Huang M, Jordan S, LaCasse D, Narhi L, Shalaev E, Shieh IC, Thomas JC, Tu R, Zheng S, Zhu L. Interfacial Stress in the Development of Biologics: Fundamental Understanding, Current Practice, and Future Perspective. AAPS J 2019; 21:44. [PMID: 30915582 PMCID: PMC6435788 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-019-0312-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Biologic products encounter various types of interfacial stress during development, manufacturing, and clinical administration. When proteins come in contact with vapor-liquid, solid-liquid, and liquid-liquid surfaces, these interfaces can significantly impact the protein drug product quality attributes, including formation of visible particles, subvisible particles, or soluble aggregates, or changes in target protein concentration due to adsorption of the molecule to various interfaces. Protein aggregation at interfaces is often accompanied by changes in conformation, as proteins modify their higher order structure in response to interfacial stresses such as hydrophobicity, charge, and mechanical stress. Formation of aggregates may elicit immunogenicity concerns; therefore, it is important to minimize opportunities for aggregation by performing a systematic evaluation of interfacial stress throughout the product development cycle and to develop appropriate mitigation strategies. The purpose of this white paper is to provide an understanding of protein interfacial stability, explore methods to understand interfacial behavior of proteins, then describe current industry approaches to address interfacial stability concerns. Specifically, we will discuss interfacial stresses to which proteins are exposed from drug substance manufacture through clinical administration, as well as the analytical techniques used to evaluate the resulting impact on the stability of the protein. A high-level mechanistic understanding of the relationship between interfacial stress and aggregation will be introduced, as well as some novel techniques for measuring and better understanding the interfacial behavior of proteins. Finally, some best practices in the evaluation and minimization of interfacial stress will be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjiang Li
- Pharmaceutical Development, Wolfe Labs, 19 Presidential Way, Woburn, Massachusetts, 01801, USA.
| | - Mary E Krause
- Drug Product Science and Technology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901, USA.
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Drug Product Science and Technology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901, USA
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Formulation Development, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, 10591, USA
| | - Weiguo Dai
- Large Molecule Drug Product Development, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Johnson and Johnson, Malvern, Pennsylvania, 19355, USA
| | - John J Hill
- BioProcess Technology Consultants, Woburn, Massachusetts, 01801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Min Huang
- Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer, Andover, Massachusetts, 01810, USA
| | - Susan Jordan
- Pharma Excipients, The Dow Chemical Company, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, 19426, USA
| | - Daniel LaCasse
- Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer, Andover, Massachusetts, 01810, USA
| | - Linda Narhi
- Process Development, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, 91362, USA
| | - Evgenyi Shalaev
- Pharmaceutical Development, Allergan Inc., Irvine, California, 92612, USA
| | - Ian C Shieh
- Late Stage Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Justin C Thomas
- Bioproduct Research & Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46285, USA
| | - Raymond Tu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The City College of New York-CUNY, New York, New York, 10031, USA
| | - Songyan Zheng
- Drug Product Science and Technology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901, USA
| | - Lily Zhu
- Technical Operations, CRISPR Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
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20
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Buffer exchange path influences the stability and viscosity upon storage of a high concentration protein. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 131:60-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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21
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León G, Vargas M, Segura Á, Herrera M, Villalta M, Sánchez A, Solano G, Gómez A, Sánchez M, Estrada R, Gutiérrez JM. Current technology for the industrial manufacture of snake antivenoms. Toxicon 2018; 151:63-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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22
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Baek Y, Yang D, Zydney AL. Development of a Hydrodynamic Cleaning Cycle for Ultrafiltration/Diafiltration Processes Used for Monoclonal Antibody Formulation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b02608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Youngbin Baek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Deyu Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Andrew L. Zydney
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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23
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Willis LF, Kumar A, Dobson J, Bond NJ, Lowe D, Turner R, Radford SE, Kapur N, Brockwell DJ. Using extensional flow to reveal diverse aggregation landscapes for three IgG1 molecules. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:1216-1225. [PMID: 29315487 PMCID: PMC5900942 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) currently dominate the biopharmaceutical sector due to their potency and efficacy against a range of disease targets. These proteinaceous therapeutics are, however, susceptible to unfolding, mis‐folding, and aggregation by environmental perturbations. Aggregation thus poses an enormous challenge to biopharmaceutical development, production, formulation, and storage. Hydrodynamic forces have also been linked to aggregation, but the ability of different flow fields (e.g., shear and extensional flow) to trigger aggregation has remained unclear. To address this question, we previously developed a device that allows the degree of extensional flow to be controlled. Using this device we demonstrated that mAbs are particularly sensitive to the force exerted as a result of this flow‐field. Here, to investigate the utility of this device to bio‐process/biopharmaceutical development, we quantify the effects of the flow field and protein concentration on the aggregation of three mAbs. We show that the response surface of mAbs is distinct from that of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and also that mAbs of similar sequence display diverse sensitivity to hydrodynamic flow. Finally, we show that flow‐induced aggregation of each mAb is ameliorated by different buffers, opening up the possibility of using the device as a formulation tool. Perturbation of the native state by extensional flow may thus allow identification of aggregation‐resistant mAb candidates, their bio‐process parameters and formulation to be optimized earlier in the drug‐discovery pipeline using sub‐milligram quantities of material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon F Willis
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK.,School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Amit Kumar
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK.,School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - John Dobson
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | | | - David Lowe
- MedImmune Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Sheena E Radford
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK.,School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Nikil Kapur
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - David J Brockwell
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK.,School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
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24
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Arunkumar A, Singh N, Schutsky EG, Peck M, Swanson RK, Borys MC, Li ZJ. Effect of channel-induced shear on biologics during ultrafiltration/diafiltration (UF/DF). J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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25
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Hung JJ, Borwankar AU, Dear BJ, Truskett TM, Johnston KP. High concentration tangential flow ultrafiltration of stable monoclonal antibody solutions with low viscosities. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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26
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Binabaji E, Ma J, Rao S, Zydney AL. Ultrafiltration of highly concentrated antibody solutions: Experiments and modeling for the effects of module and buffer conditions. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 32:692-701. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Binabaji
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; the Pennsylvania State University; University Park PA 16802
| | | | - Suma Rao
- Amgen, Inc.; Thousand Oaks CA 91320
| | - Andrew L Zydney
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; the Pennsylvania State University; University Park PA 16802
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27
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Bauer KC, Schermeyer MT, Seidel J, Hubbuch J. Impact of polymer surface characteristics on the microrheological measurement quality of protein solutions – A tracer particle screening. Int J Pharm 2016; 505:246-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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28
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Winans J, Smith K, Gaborski T, Roussie J, McGrath J. Membrane capacity and fouling mechanisms for ultrathin nanomembranes in dead-end filtration. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Izaki S, Kurinomaru T, Maruyama T, Uchida T, Handa K, Kimoto T, Shiraki K. Feasibility of Antibody–Poly(Glutamic Acid) Complexes: Preparation of High-Concentration Antibody Formulations and Their Pharmaceutical Properties. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:1929-1937. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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30
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Kar A, Guha R, Dani N, Velegol D, Kumar M. Particle deposition on microporous membranes can be enhanced or reduced by salt gradients. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:793-799. [PMID: 24392973 DOI: 10.1021/la4044107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal particle deposition on membranes is a continuing scientific and technological challenge. In this paper we examine the role of a previously unexplored phenomenon-diffusiophoretic particle transport toward a membrane-in relation to fouling. Diffusiophoresis is an electrokinetic transport mechanism that arises in salt gradients, especially when the ions have different diffusion coefficients. Through experiments conducted with salt diffusing across microdialysis membranes, with no advection, we show experimentally that diffusiophoresis induces colloidal deposition on the surface of microporous surfaces. We used transient salt (NaCl, KCl, LiCl) gradients and fundamental electrokinetic modeling to assess the role of diffusiophoresis in colloidal fouling. Based on (i) difference in diffusion coefficients of ions, (ii) zeta potential on the particles, and (iii) ionic gradient applied across the walls of the membrane, colloidal fouling could be both quantitatively and qualitatively predicted. Our understanding enabled us to stop particle deposition by adding calcium carbonate outside the membrane, which generates a stronger electric field in a direction opposite to that created by salt diffusing from the membrane. We propose that accounting for this diffusiophoretic mode of particle deposition is important in understanding membrane fouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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31
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Callahan DJ, Stanley B, Li Y. Control of protein particle formation during ultrafiltration/diafiltration through interfacial protection. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:862-9. [PMID: 24449131 PMCID: PMC4284022 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the mechanism of protein particle formation during ultrafiltration/diafiltration (UF/DF), finding that agitation drives particle formation by promoting protein-interface adsorption and desorption. Low conductivity and the presence of surfactant reduced the level of particle formation in small-scale stirring studies, and the same trends were observed in pumping and UF/DF. Polysorbate 80 (PS80) and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) reduced particle formation in UF/DF by factors of 15 and 4, respectively. Measurements of conformational stability, colloidal stability, and surface tension demonstrated that PS80 protects against particle formation by preventing protein-interface adsorption, low conductivity improves the colloidal stability of the protein, and the mechanism of action of HPβCD remains unclear. This work demonstrates that interfacial adsorption–desorption of the protein during UF/DF is the principal cause of particle formation, that the level of surfactant-free particle formation depends on the colloidal stability of the protein, and that the inclusion of surfactant greatly reduces in-process particle formation during UF/DF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Callahan
- Department of Purification Process Sciences, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20878
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32
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Marichal-Gallardo PA, Álvarez MM. State-of-the-art in downstream processing of monoclonal antibodies: Process trends in design and validation. Biotechnol Prog 2012; 28:899-916. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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33
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Bai G, Bee JS, Biddlecombe JG, Chen Q, Leach WT. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) insights into agitation stress methods in biopharmaceutical development. Int J Pharm 2011; 423:264-80. [PMID: 22172288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Agitation of small amounts of liquid is performed routinely in biopharmaceutical process, formulation, and packaging development. Protein degradation commonly results from agitation, but the specific stress responsible or degradation mechanism is usually not well understood. Characterization of the agitation stress methods is critical to identifying protein degradation mechanisms or specific sensitivities. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to model agitation of 1 mL of fluid by four types of common laboratory agitation instruments, including a rotator, orbital shaker, magnetic stirrer and vortex mixer. Fluid stresses in the bulk liquid and near interfaces were identified, quantified and compared. The vortex mixer provides the most intense stresses overall, while the stir bar system presented locally intense shear proximal to the hydrophobic stir bar surface. The rotator provides gentler fluid stresses, but the air-water interfacial area and surface stresses are relatively high given its low rotational frequency. The orbital shaker provides intermediate-level stresses but with the advantage of a large stable platform for consistent vial-to-vial homogeneity. Selection of experimental agitation methods with targeted types and intensities of stresses can facilitate better understanding of protein degradation mechanisms and predictability for "real world" applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Bai
- Formulation Sciences, MedImmune LLC., One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
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34
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Eppler A, Weigandt M, Schulze S, Hanefeld A, Bunjes H. Comparison of different protein concentration techniques within preformulation development. Int J Pharm 2011; 421:120-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2011] [Revised: 09/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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35
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Casey C, Gallos T, Alekseev Y, Ayturk E, Pearl S. Protein concentration with single-pass tangential flow filtration (SPTFF). J Memb Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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36
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Bee JS, Randolph TW, Carpenter JF, Bishop SM, Dimitrova MN. Effects of Surfaces and Leachables on the Stability of Biopharmaceuticals. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:4158-70. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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37
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Rathore AS, Shirke A. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN MEMBRANE-BASED SEPARATIONS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY PROCESSES: REVIEW. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 41:398-421. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2011.613976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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38
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Vázquez-Rey M, Lang DA. Aggregates in monoclonal antibody manufacturing processes. Biotechnol Bioeng 2011; 108:1494-508. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.23155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2010] [Revised: 03/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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