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Filice S, Scuderi V, Scalese S. Sulfonated Pentablock Copolymer (Nexar TM) for Water Remediation and Other Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2009. [PMID: 39065326 PMCID: PMC11280590 DOI: 10.3390/polym16142009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the use of a sulfonated pentablock copolymer commercialized as NexarTM in water purification applications. The properties and the use of sulfonated copolymers, in general, and of NexarTM, in particular, are described within a brief reference focusing on the problem of different water contaminants, purification technologies, and the use of nanomaterials and nanocomposites for water treatment. In addition to desalination and pervaporation processes, adsorption and photocatalytic processes are also considered here. The reported results confirm the possibility of using NexarTM as a matrix for embedded nanoparticles, exploiting their performance in adsorption and photocatalytic processes and preventing their dispersion in the environment. Furthermore, the reported antimicrobial and antibiofouling properties of NexarTM make it a promising material for achieving active coatings that are able to enhance commercial filter lifetime and performance. The coated filters show selective and efficient removal of cationic contaminants in filtration processes, which is not observed with a bare commercial filter. The UV surface treatment and/or the addition of nanostructures such as graphene oxide (GO) flakes confer NexarTM with coating additional functionalities and activity. Finally, other application fields of this polymer are reported, i.e., energy and/or gas separation, suggesting its possible use as an efficient and economical alternative to the more well-known Nafion polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Filice
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi (CNR-IMM), Ottava Strada n.5, 95121 Catania, Italy;
| | | | - Silvia Scalese
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi (CNR-IMM), Ottava Strada n.5, 95121 Catania, Italy;
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2
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Wang X, Thomas AM, Lammertink RGH. Dimensionally Stable Anion Exchange Membranes Based on Macromolecular-Cross-Linked Poly(arylene piperidinium) for Water Electrolysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:2593-2605. [PMID: 38175180 PMCID: PMC10797592 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The advancement of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) with superior ionic conductivity has been greatly hindered due to the inherent "trade-off" between membrane swelling and ionic conductivity. To resolve this dilemma, macromolecular covalently cross-linked C-FPVBC-x AEMs were fabricated by combining partially functionalized ether-bond-free polystyrene (FPVBC) with poly(arylene piperidinium). The results from atomic force microscopy reveal that an increase in the ratio of FPVBC promotes the fabrication of microphase separation morphology, resulting in a high ionic conductivity of 40.15 mS cm-1 (30 °C) for the C-FPVBC-1.7 membrane. Molecular dynamics simulations further examine the ionic conduction effect of cross-linked AEMs. Besides, the unique cross-linking structure significantly improves mechanical and alkaline stability. After treatment in 1 M KOH at 50 °C for 1200 h, the C-FPVBC-1.7 membrane shows only a 6.9% decrease in conductivity. The C-FPVBC-1.7 AEM-based water electrolyzer achieves a high current density of 890 mA cm-2 at 2.4 V (80 °C) and maintains good stability, enduring over 100 h at 100 mA cm-2 (50 °C). These results demonstrate the significant potential of macromolecularly cross-linked AEMs for practical applications in water electrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqin Wang
- Soft
Matter, Fluidics and Interfaces, Faculty of Science and Technology,
MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
- School
of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan
University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China
| | - Angela Mary Thomas
- Soft
Matter, Fluidics and Interfaces, Faculty of Science and Technology,
MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology
Alliance (BRTA), Mikeletegi
Pasealekua 2, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Rob G. H. Lammertink
- Soft
Matter, Fluidics and Interfaces, Faculty of Science and Technology,
MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
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3
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Kim TY, Hur SM, Ramírez-Hernández A. Effect of Block Sequence on the Solution Self-Assembly of Symmetric ABCBA Pentablock Polymers in a Selective Solvent. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:2575-2586. [PMID: 36917777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c07930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Solution self-assembly of multiblock polymers offers a platform to create complex functional self-assembled nanostructures. However, a complete understanding of the effect of the different single-molecule-level parameters and solution conditions on the self-assembled morphology is still lacking. In this work, we have used dissipative particle dynamics to investigate the solution self-assembly of symmetric ABCBA linear pentablock polymers in a selective solvent and examined the effect of the block sequence, composition, and polymer concentration on the final morphology and polymer conformations. We confirmed that block sequence has an effect on the self-assembled morphologies, and it has a strong influence on polymer conformations that give place to physical gels for the sequence where the solvophilic block is located in the middle of the macromolecule. Our results are summarized in terms of morphology diagrams in the composition-concentration parameter space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Yi Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Su-Mi Hur
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Abelardo Ramírez-Hernández
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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4
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Zheng W, Liu CH, Nieh MP, Cornelius CJ. Sulfonated Pentablock Copolymer Membrane Morphological Anisotropy and Its Impact on Dimensional Swelling, Proton Conductivity, and the Transport of Protons and Water. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong518060, China
| | - Chung-Hao Liu
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut06269, United States
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut06269, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut06269, United States
| | - Mu-Ping Nieh
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut06269, United States
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut06269, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut06269, United States
| | - Chris J. Cornelius
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa50011, United States
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Lehmann ML, Yang G, Nanda J, Saito T. Unraveling Ion Transport in Trifluoromethanesulfonimide Pentablock Copolymer Membranes in Nonaqueous Electrolytes. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Lehmann
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37966, United States
| | - Guang Yang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Jagjit Nanda
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37966, United States
| | - Tomonori Saito
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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7
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Wieczorek J, Ulbricht M. Amphiphilic poly(arylene ether sulfone) multiblock copolymers with quaternary ammonium groups for novel thin-film composite nanofiltration membranes. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Thomas ER, Jain A, Mann SC, Yang Y, Green MD, Walker WS, Perreault F, Lind ML, Verduzco R. Freestanding self-assembled sulfonated pentablock terpolymer membranes for high flux pervaporation desalination. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Yan M, Lu Y, Li N, Zeng F, Wang Q, Bai H, Xie Z. Hyperbranch-Crosslinked S-SEBS Block Copolymer Membranes for Desalination by Pervaporation. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10100277. [PMID: 33050535 PMCID: PMC7599453 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10100277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sulfonated aromatic polymer (SAP) featuring hydrophilic nanochannels for water transport is a promising membrane material for desalination. SAPs with a high sulfonation degree favor water transport but suffer from reduced mechanical strength and membrane swelling. In this work, a hyperbranched polyester, H302, was introduced to crosslink a sulfonated styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene (S-SEBS) copolymer membrane. The effects of crosslinking temperature and amount of H302 on the microstructure, and the pervaporation desalination performance of the membrane, were investigated. H302/S-SEBS copolymer membranes with different crosslinking conditions were characterized by various techniques including FTIR, DSC, EA, SEM, TEM and SAXS, and tensile strength, water sorption and contact angle measurements. The results indicate that the introduction of hyperbranched polyester enlarged the hydrophilic microdomain of the S-SEBS membrane. Crosslinking with hyperbranched polyester with heat treatment effectively enhanced the mechanical strength of the S-SEBS membrane, with the tensile strength being increased by 140–200% and the swelling ratio reduced by 45–70%, while reasonable water flux was maintained. When treating 5 wt% hypersaline water at 65 °C, the optimized crosslinked membrane containing 15 wt% H302 and heated at 100 °C reached a water flux of 9.3 kg·m−2·h−1 and a salt rejection of 99.9%. The results indicate that the hyperbranched-S-SEBS membrane is promising for use in PV desalination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Yan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (M.Y.); (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (Q.W.)
| | - Yunyun Lu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (M.Y.); (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (Q.W.)
| | - Na Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (M.Y.); (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (Q.W.)
- Correspondence: (N.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Feixiang Zeng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (M.Y.); (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qinzhuo Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (M.Y.); (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (Q.W.)
| | - Hongcun Bai
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
| | - Zongli Xie
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Private Bag 10, Clayton South MDC, VIC 3169, Australia
- Correspondence: (N.L.); (Z.X.)
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11
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Ulbricht M. Design and synthesis of organic polymers for molecular separation membranes. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Xu C, Colorado Escobar M, Gorodetsky AA. Stretchable Cephalopod-Inspired Multimodal Camouflage Systems. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905717. [PMID: 32128911 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Soft, mechanically deformable materials and systems that can, on demand, manipulate light propagation within both the visible and infrared (IR) regions of the electromagnetic spectrum are desirable for applications that include sensing, optoelectronics, robotics, energy conservation, and thermal management. However, the development of such technologies remains exceptionally difficult, with relatively few examples reported to date. Herein, this challenge is addressed by engineering cephalopod-inspired adaptive camouflage platforms with multispectral functionality. First, stretchable copolymer membranes that feature outstanding unstrained protonic conductivities of up to ≈90 mS cm-1 , demonstrate increases of ≈80% in their conductivities at strains of 200%, and exhibit no loss in electrical performance even under extreme elongations of 500% are described. Next, the membranes are used for the fabrication of mechanically and electrically actuated camouflage devices that function over an unprecedented spectral window; can simultaneously modulate their visible and IR specular-to-diffuse transmittance ratios by >3000-fold and >4-fold, respectively; feature rapid response times of ≈0.6 s; and exhibit good performance after repeated actuation. These findings may afford new scientific and technological opportunities not only for adaptive optics and photonics but also for any platform that can benefit from simultaneously controlling visible light and heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyi Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | | | - Alon A Gorodetsky
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
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13
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Jackson GL, Kim SA, Jayaraman A, Diallo SO, Mahanthappa MK. Consequences of Convex Nanopore Chemistry on Confined Water Dynamics. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:1495-1508. [PMID: 32065528 PMCID: PMC7122394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b10176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental understanding of confined water is crucial for developing selective ion transport and water purification membranes, yet the roles of nanopore geometry and functionality on confined water dynamics remain unresolved. We report the synthesis of perdeuterated ionic alkylsulfonate amphiphiles and their water-induced self-assembly into lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) mesophases with well-defined, convex, sulfonate-lined nanopores. Quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) measurements demonstrate that the water self-diffusion coefficients within these sulfonate-lined convex nanopores depend on the hydration level and amphiphile counterion identity (H+, K+, NMe4+). The consistency of the observed counterion-dependent water dynamics trends with those of carboxylate LLCs is rationalized on the basis of similarities in the counterion spatial distributions in the water-filled channels, which we deduce from electron density maps derived from small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analyses. These findings indicate that water diffusion is systematically faster in sulfonate-lined nanopores as compared to carboxylate-lined pores due to weaker water interactions with the softer and more hydrophobic-SO3- functionalities. These molecular-level insights into the relationships between convex pore wall chemical functionalities, hydrated counterions, and confined water diffusion may inform future development of new nanoporous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grayson L. Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706
| | - Sung A Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave, S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Ashish Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave, S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Souleymane O. Diallo
- Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Mahesh K. Mahanthappa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave, S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455
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14
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Aryal D, Howard MP, Samanta R, Antoine S, Segalman R, Truskett TM, Ganesan V. Influence of pore morphology on the diffusion of water in triblock copolymer membranes. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:014904. [PMID: 31914764 DOI: 10.1063/1.5128119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the transport properties of water in self-assembled block copolymer morphologies is important for furthering the use of such materials as water-purifying membranes. In this study, we used coarse-grained dissipative particle dynamics simulations to clarify the influence of pore morphology on the self-diffusion of water in linear-triblock-copolymer membranes. We considered representative lamellar, cylindrical, and gyroid morphologies and present results for both the global and local diffusivities of water in the pores. Our results suggest that the diffusivity of water in the confined, polymer-coated pores differs from that in the unconfined bulk. Explicitly, in confinement, the mobility of water is reduced by the hydrodynamic friction arising from the hydrophilic blocks coating the pore walls. We demonstrate that in lamella and cylindrical morphologies, the latter effects can be rendered as a universal function of the pore size relative to the brush height of the hydrophilic blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Aryal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Michael P Howard
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Rituparna Samanta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Segolene Antoine
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Rachel Segalman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Thomas M Truskett
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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15
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Oh HJ, Aboian MS, Yi MYJ, Maslyn JA, Loo WS, Jiang X, Parkinson DY, Wilson MW, Moore T, Yee CR, Robbins GR, Barth FM, DeSimone JM, Hetts SW, Balsara NP. 3D Printed Absorber for Capturing Chemotherapy Drugs before They Spread through the Body. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:419-427. [PMID: 30937369 PMCID: PMC6439445 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite efforts to develop increasingly targeted and personalized cancer therapeutics, dosing of drugs in cancer chemotherapy is limited by systemic toxic side effects. We have designed, built, and deployed porous absorbers for capturing chemotherapy drugs from the bloodstream after these drugs have had their effect on a tumor, but before they are released into the body where they can cause hazardous side effects. The support structure of the absorbers was built using 3D printing technology. This structure was coated with a nanostructured block copolymer with outer blocks that anchor the polymer chains to the 3D printed support structure and a middle block that has an affinity for the drug. The middle block is polystyrenesulfonate which binds to doxorubicin, a widely used and effective chemotherapy drug with significant toxic side effects. The absorbers are designed for deployment during chemotherapy using minimally invasive image-guided endovascular surgical procedures. We show that the introduction of the absorbers into the blood of swine models enables the capture of 64 ± 6% of the administered drug (doxorubicin) without any immediate adverse effects. Problems related to blood clots, vein wall dissection, and other biocompatibility issues were not observed. This development represents a significant step forward in minimizing toxic side effects of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jeung Oh
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Mariam S. Aboian
- Department
of Radiology, School of Medicine, University
of California, San Francisco, California 94110, United States
| | - Michael Y. J. Yi
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jacqueline A. Maslyn
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Energy Storage and Distributed
Resources Division, Joint Center for Energy Storage Research
(JCESR), Materials Sciences Division, Advanced Light Source Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Whitney S. Loo
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Xi Jiang
- Energy Storage and Distributed
Resources Division, Joint Center for Energy Storage Research
(JCESR), Materials Sciences Division, Advanced Light Source Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Dilworth Y. Parkinson
- Energy Storage and Distributed
Resources Division, Joint Center for Energy Storage Research
(JCESR), Materials Sciences Division, Advanced Light Source Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Mark W. Wilson
- Department
of Radiology, School of Medicine, University
of California, San Francisco, California 94110, United States
| | - Terilyn Moore
- Department
of Radiology, School of Medicine, University
of California, San Francisco, California 94110, United States
| | - Colin R. Yee
- Department
of Radiology, School of Medicine, University
of California, San Francisco, California 94110, United States
| | - Gregory R. Robbins
- Carbon,
Inc., 1089 Mills Way, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Florian M. Barth
- Carbon,
Inc., 1089 Mills Way, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Joseph M. DeSimone
- Carbon,
Inc., 1089 Mills Way, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Steven W. Hetts
- Department
of Radiology, School of Medicine, University
of California, San Francisco, California 94110, United States
| | - Nitash P. Balsara
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Energy Storage and Distributed
Resources Division, Joint Center for Energy Storage Research
(JCESR), Materials Sciences Division, Advanced Light Source Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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16
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Akhtar FH, Vovushua H, Villalobos LF, Shevate R, Kumar M, Nunes SP, Schwingenschlögl U, Peinemann KV. Highways for water molecules: Interplay between nanostructure and water vapor transport in block copolymer membranes. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Mineart KP, Ryan JJ, Appavou MS, Lee B, Gradzielski M, Spontak RJ. Self-Assembly of a Midblock-Sulfonated Pentablock Copolymer in Mixed Organic Solvents: A Combined SAXS and SANS Analysis. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:1032-1039. [PMID: 30609374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ionic, and specifically sulfonated, block copolymers are continually gaining interest in the soft materials community due to their unique suitability in various ion-exchange applications such as fuel cells, organic photovoltaics, and desalination membranes. One unresolved challenge inherent to these materials is solvent templating, that is, the translation of self-assembled solution structures into nonequilibrium solid film morphologies. Recently, the use of mixed polar/nonpolar organic solvents has been examined in an effort to elucidate and control the solution self-assembly of sulfonated block copolymers. The current study sheds new light on micellar assemblies (i.e., those with the sulfonated blocks comprising the micellar core) of a midblock-sulfonated pentablock copolymer in polar/nonpolar solvent mixtures by combining small-angle X-ray and small-angle neutron scattering. Our scattering data reveal that micelle size depends strongly on overall solvent composition: micelle cores and coronae grow as the fraction of nonpolar solvent is increased. Universal model fits further indicate that an unexpectedly high fraction of the micelle cores is occupied by polar solvent (60-80 vol %) and that partitioning of the polar solvent into micelle cores becomes more pronounced as its overall quantity decreases. This solvent presence in the micelle cores explains the simultaneous core/corona growth, which is otherwise counterintuitive. Our findings provide a potential pathway for the formation of solvent-templated films with more interconnected morphologies due to the greatly solvated micellar cores in solution, thereby enhancing the molecular, ion, and electron-transport properties of the resultant films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth P Mineart
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Bucknell University , Lewisburg , Pennsylvania 17837 , United States
| | | | - Marie-Sousai Appavou
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Outstation at MLZ , Jülich Centre for Neutron Science , Garching D-85747 , Germany
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- Advanced Photon Source , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Michael Gradzielski
- Stranski Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie , Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin , Berlin D-10623 , Germany
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18
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Xu C, Stiubianu GT, Gorodetsky AA. Adaptive infrared-reflecting systems inspired by cephalopods. Science 2018; 359:1495-1500. [PMID: 29599237 DOI: 10.1126/science.aar5191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Materials and systems that statically reflect radiation in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum underpin the performance of many entrenched technologies, including building insulation, energy-conserving windows, spacecraft components, electronics shielding, container packaging, protective clothing, and camouflage platforms. The development of their adaptive variants, in which the infrared-reflecting properties dynamically change in response to external stimuli, has emerged as an important unmet scientific challenge. By drawing inspiration from cephalopod skin, we developed adaptive infrared-reflecting platforms that feature a simple actuation mechanism, low working temperature, tunable spectral range, weak angular dependence, fast response, stability to repeated cycling, amenability to patterning and multiplexing, autonomous operation, robust mechanical properties, and straightforward manufacturability. Our findings may open opportunities for infrared camouflage and other technologies that regulate infrared radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyi Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - George T Stiubianu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Alon A Gorodetsky
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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19
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Truong PV, Shingleton S, Kammoun M, Black RL, Charendoff M, Willis C, Ardebili H, Stein GE. Structure and Properties of Sulfonated Pentablock Terpolymer Films as a Function of Wet–Dry Cycles. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stacy Shingleton
- Kraton Performance
Polymers, Inc., 16400 Park Row, Houston, Texas 77084, United States
| | | | - Rephayah L. Black
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Marc Charendoff
- Kraton Performance
Polymers, Inc., 16400 Park Row, Houston, Texas 77084, United States
| | - Carl Willis
- Kraton Performance
Polymers, Inc., 16400 Park Row, Houston, Texas 77084, United States
| | | | - Gila E. Stein
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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20
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Chen SH, Willis C, Shull KR. Water transport and mechanical response of block copolymer ion-exchange membranes for water purification. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Aryal D, Agrawal A, Perahia D, Grest GS. Structured Ionomer Thin Films at Water Interface: Molecular Dynamics Simulation Insight. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:11070-11076. [PMID: 28832167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the structure and dynamics of thin films of ionizable polymers at water interfaces is critical to their many applications. As the chemical diversity within one polymer is increased, controlling the structure and dynamics of the polymer, which is a key to their use, becomes a challenge. Here molecular dynamics simulations (MD) are used to obtain molecular insight into the structure and dynamics of thin films of one such macromolecule at the interface with water. The polymer consists of an ABCBA topology with randomly sulfonated polystyrene (C), tethered symmetrically to flexible poly(ethylene-r-propylene) blocks (B), and end-capped by a poly(t-butylstyrene) block (A). The compositions of the interfacial and bulk regions of thin films of the ABCBA polymers are followed as a function of exposure time to water. We find that interfacial rearrangements take place where buried ionic segments migrate toward the water interface. The hydrophobic blocks collapse and rearrange to minimize their exposure to water. The water that initially drives interfacial reengagements breaks the ionic clusters within the film, forming a dynamic hydrophilic internal network within the hydrophobic segments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gary S Grest
- Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
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22
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Aryal D, Agrawal A, Perahia D, Grest GS. Structure and Dynamics of Ionic Block Copolymer Melts: Computational Study. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Aryal
- Department
of Chemistry and #Department of Physics, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Anupriya Agrawal
- Department
of Chemistry and #Department of Physics, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Dvora Perahia
- Department
of Chemistry and #Department of Physics, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Gary S. Grest
- Sandia National
Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
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23
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Aryal D, Grest GS, Perahia D. Soft nanoparticles: nano ionic networks of associated ionic polymers. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:2117-2122. [PMID: 27976769 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr09206c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Directing the formation of nanostructures that serve as building blocks of membranes presents an immense step towards engineering controlled polymeric ion transport systems. Using the exquisite atomic detail captured by molecular dynamics simulations, we follow the assembly of a co-polymer that consists of polystyrene sulfonate tethered symmetrically to hydrophobic blocks, realizing a new type of long lived solvent-responsive soft nanoparticle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Aryal
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA.
| | - Gary S Grest
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - Dvora Perahia
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA.
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24
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Ertem SP, Caire BR, Tsai TH, Zeng D, Vandiver MA, Kusoglu A, Seifert S, Hayward RC, Weber AZ, Herring AM, Coughlin EB, Liberatore MW. Ion transport properties of mechanically stable symmetric ABCBA pentablock copolymers with quaternary ammonium functionalized midblock. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Piril Ertem
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Massachusetts Amherst; 120 Governors Drive Amherst Massachusetts 01003
| | - Benjamin R. Caire
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Colorado School of Mines; Golden Colorado 80401
| | - Tsung-Han Tsai
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Massachusetts Amherst; 120 Governors Drive Amherst Massachusetts 01003
| | - Di Zeng
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Massachusetts Amherst; 120 Governors Drive Amherst Massachusetts 01003
| | - Melissa A. Vandiver
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Colorado School of Mines; Golden Colorado 80401
| | - Ahmet Kusoglu
- Energy Conversion Group; Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Berkeley California 94720
| | - Soenke Seifert
- Energy Conversion Group; Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Berkeley California 94720
| | - Ryan C. Hayward
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Massachusetts Amherst; 120 Governors Drive Amherst Massachusetts 01003
| | - Adam Z. Weber
- Energy Conversion Group; Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Berkeley California 94720
| | - Andrew M. Herring
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Colorado School of Mines; Golden Colorado 80401
| | - E. Bryan Coughlin
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Massachusetts Amherst; 120 Governors Drive Amherst Massachusetts 01003
| | - Matthew W. Liberatore
- Department of Chemical Engineering Department; University of Toledo; 2801 W Bancroft Street MS305 Toledo Ohio 43606
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25
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Mineart KP, Dickerson JD, Love DM, Lee B, Zuo X, Spontak RJ. Hydrothermal Conditioning of Physical Hydrogels Prepared from a Midblock‐Sulfonated Multiblock Copolymer. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth P. Mineart
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Joshua D. Dickerson
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Dillon M. Love
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- X‐ray Science Division Advanced Photon Source Argonne National Laboratory Argonne IL 60439 USA
| | - Xiaobing Zuo
- X‐ray Science Division Advanced Photon Source Argonne National Laboratory Argonne IL 60439 USA
| | - Richard J. Spontak
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
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26
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Nguyen HD, Assumma L, Judeinstein P, Mercier R, Porcar L, Jestin J, Iojoiu C, Lyonnard S. Controlling Microstructure-Transport Interplay in Highly Phase-Separated Perfluorosulfonated Aromatic Multiblock Ionomers via Molecular Architecture Design. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:1671-1683. [PMID: 27966862 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Proton-conducting multiblock polysulfones bearing perfluorosulfonic acid side chains were designed to encode nanoscale phase-separation, well-defined hydrophilic/hydrophobic interfaces, and optimized transport properties. Herein, we show that the superacid side chains yield highly ordered morphologies that can be tailored by best compromising ion-exchange capacity and block lengths. The obtained microstructures were extensively characterized by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) over an extended range of hydration. Peculiar swelling behaviors were evidenced at two different scales and attributed to the dilution of locally flat polymer particles. We evidence the direct correlation between the quality of interfaces, the topology and connectivity of ionic nanodomains, the block superstructure long-range organization, and the transport properties. In particular, we found that the proton conductivity linearly depends on the microscopic expansion of both ionic and block domains. These findings indicate that neat nanoscale phase-separation and block-induced long-range connectivity can be optimized by designing aromatic ionomers with controlled architectures to improve the performances of polymer electrolyte membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huu-Dat Nguyen
- LEPMI, Université Grenoble Alpes - CNRS , 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Luca Assumma
- LEPMI, Université Grenoble Alpes - CNRS , 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Patrick Judeinstein
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin (LLB), CNRS-CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay , 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Regis Mercier
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Université de Lyon , 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Lionel Porcar
- Institut Laue Langevin (ILL) , 38002 Grenoble, France
| | - Jacques Jestin
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin (LLB), CNRS-CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay , 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Cristina Iojoiu
- LEPMI, Université Grenoble Alpes - CNRS , 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sandrine Lyonnard
- INAC-SPrAM, Université Grenoble Alpes - CEA - CNRS , 38000 Grenoble, France
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27
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Mineart KP, Ryan JJ, Lee B, Smith SD, Spontak RJ. Molecular and morphological characterization of midblock-sulfonated styrenic triblock copolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth P. Mineart
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina 27695
| | - Justin J. Ryan
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina 27695
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- Advanced Photon Source; Argonne National Laboratory; Argonne Illinois 60439
| | - Steven D. Smith
- Corporate Research & Development; The Procter & Gamble Company; Cincinnati Ohio 45224
| | - Richard J. Spontak
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina 27695
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina 27695
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28
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Filice S, D'Angelo D, Scarangella A, Iannazzo D, Compagnini G, Scalese S. Highly effective and reusable sulfonated pentablock copolymer nanocomposites for water purification applications. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08000j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfonated pentablock copolymer nanocomposites loaded with TiO2 or graphene oxide show their effectiveness in water purification applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Filice
- CNR-IMM
- I-95121 Catania
- Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università di Catania
| | | | | | - D. Iannazzo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettronica
- Chimica e Ingegneria Industriale
- Università degli Studi di Messina
- Messina
- Italy
| | - G. Compagnini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università di Catania
- I-95125 Catania
- Italy
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29
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frank S. Bates
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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30
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Armstrong DP, Mineart KP, Lee B, Spontak RJ. Olefinic Thermoplastic Elastomer Gels: Combining Polymer Crystallization and Microphase Separation in a Selective Solvent. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:1273-1277. [PMID: 35614739 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Since selectively swollen thermoplastic elastomer gels (TPEGs) afford a wide range of beneficial properties that open new doors to developing elastomer-based technologies, we examine the unique structure-property behavior of TPEGs composed of olefinic block copolymers (OBCs) in this study. Unlike their styrenic counterparts typically possessing two chemically different blocks, this class of multiblock copolymers consists of linear polyethylene hard blocks and poly(ethylene-co-α-octene) soft blocks, in which case, microphase separation between the hard and the soft blocks is accompanied by crystallization of the hard blocks. Here, we prepare olefinic TPEGs (OTPEGs) through the incorporation of a primarily aliphatic oil that selectively swells the soft block and investigate the resultant morphological features through the use of polarized light microscopy and small-/wide-angle X-ray scattering. These features are correlated with thermal and mechanical property measurements from calorimetry, rheology, and extensiometry to elucidate the roles of crystallization and self-assembly on gel characteristics and establish useful structure-property relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Byeongdu Lee
- Advanced
Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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31
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Zheng W, Cornelius C. Solvent tunable multi-block ionomer morphology and its relationship to modulus, water swelling, directionally dependent ion transport, and actuator performance. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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32
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Schultz AR, Chen M, Fahs GB, Moore RB, Long TE. Living anionic polymerization of 4‐diphenylphosphino styrene for
ABC
triblock copolymers. POLYM INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alison R Schultz
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Department of Chemistry Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA 24061 USA
| | - Mingtao Chen
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Department of Chemistry Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA 24061 USA
| | - Gregory B Fahs
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Department of Chemistry Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA 24061 USA
| | - Robert B Moore
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Department of Chemistry Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA 24061 USA
| | - Timothy E Long
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Department of Chemistry Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA 24061 USA
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33
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Zhang W, Liu Y, Jackson AC, Savage AM, Ertem SP, Tsai TH, Seifert S, Beyer FL, Liberatore MW, Herring AM, Coughlin EB. Achieving Continuous Anion Transport Domains Using Block Copolymers Containing Phosphonium Cations. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxu Zhang
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Ye Liu
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Aaron C. Jackson
- US Army Research
Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21005, United States
| | - Alice M. Savage
- US Army Research
Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21005, United States
| | - S. Piril Ertem
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Tsung-Han Tsai
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Soenke Seifert
- X-ray
Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Frederick L. Beyer
- US Army Research
Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21005, United States
| | - Matthew W. Liberatore
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Andrew M. Herring
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - E. Bryan Coughlin
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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34
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Sproll V, Nagy G, Gasser U, Embs JP, Obiols-Rabasa M, Schmidt TJ, Gubler L, Balog S. Radiation Grafted Ion-Conducting Membranes: The Influence of Variations in Base Film Nanostructure. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Sproll
- Electrochemistry
Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Gergely Nagy
- Laboratory
for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Urs Gasser
- Laboratory
for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Jan Peter Embs
- Laboratory
for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Marc Obiols-Rabasa
- Division
of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Lund, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas J. Schmidt
- Electrochemistry
Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lorenz Gubler
- Electrochemistry
Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Sandor Balog
- Adolphe
Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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35
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Mineart KP, Lee B, Spontak RJ. A Solvent-Vapor Approach toward the Control of Block Ionomer Morphologies. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- Advanced
Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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36
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Schultz AR, Fahs GB, Jangu C, Chen M, Moore RB, Long TE. Phosphonium-containing diblock copolymers from living anionic polymerization of 4-diphenylphosphino styrene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:950-3. [PMID: 26587572 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc08699j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Living anionic polymerization of 4-diphenylphosphino styrene (DPPS) achieved well-defined homopolymers, poly(DPPS-b-S) styrenic block copolymers, and poly(I-b-DPPS) diene-based diblock copolymers with predictable molecular weights and narrow polydispersities. In situ FTIR spectroscopy monitored the anionic polymerization of DPPS and tracked monomer consumption for kinetic analysis. Post-alkylation enabled controlled placement of phosphonium functionality in poly(I-b-DPPS) diblock copolymers, producing well-defined phosphonium-containing block copolymers with low degrees of compositional heterogeneity. Incorporating phosphonium charge disrupted the lamellar bulk morphology of the neutral diblock precursor and provided morphologies with interdigitated packing of alkyl chains on the phosphonium cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison R Schultz
- Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Department of Chemistry, 80 Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Gregory B Fahs
- Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Department of Chemistry, 80 Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Chainika Jangu
- Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Department of Chemistry, 80 Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Mingtao Chen
- Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Department of Chemistry, 80 Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Robert B Moore
- Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Department of Chemistry, 80 Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Timothy E Long
- Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Department of Chemistry, 80 Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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37
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Layer-by-layer (LbL) polyelectrolyte membrane with Nexar™ polymer as a polyanion for pervaporation dehydration of ethanol. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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38
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Mineart KP, Jiang X, Jinnai H, Takahara A, Spontak RJ. Morphological investigation of midblock-sulfonated block ionomers prepared from solvents differing in polarity. Macromol Rapid Commun 2014; 36:432-8. [PMID: 25537368 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments regarding charged multiblock copolymers that can form physical networks and exhibit robust mechanical properties herald new and exciting opportunities for contemporary technologies requiring amphiphilic attributes. Due to the presence of strong interactions, however, control over the phase behavior of such materials remains challenging, especially since their morphologies can be solvent-templated. In this study, transmission electron microscopy and microtomography are employed to examine the morphological characteristics of midblock-sulfonated pentablock ionomers prepared from solvents differing in polarity. Resultant images confirm that discrete, spherical ion-rich microdomains form in films cast from a relatively nonpolar solvent, whereas an apparently mixed morphology with a continuous ion-rich pathway is generated when the casting solvent is more highly polar. Detailed 3D analysis of the morphological characteristics confirms the coexistence of hexagonally-packed nonpolar cylinders and lamellae, which facilitates the diffusion of ions and/or other polar species through the nanostructured medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth P Mineart
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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39
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Thong Z, Han G, Cui Y, Gao J, Chung TS, Chan SY, Wei S. Novel nanofiltration membranes consisting of a sulfonated pentablock copolymer rejection layer for heavy metal removal. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:13880-13887. [PMID: 25369240 DOI: 10.1021/es5031239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Facing stringent regulations on wastewater discharge containing heavy metal ions, various industries are demanding more efficient and effective treatment methods. Among the methods available, nanofiltration (NF) is a feasible and promising option. However, the development of new membrane materials is constantly required for the advancement of this technology. This is a report of the first attempt to develop a composite NF membrane comprising a molecularly designed pentablock copolymer selective layer for the removal of heavy metal ions. The resultant NF membrane has a mean effective pore diameter of 0.50 nm, a molecular weight cutoff of 255 Da, and a reasonably high pure water permeability (A) of 2.4 LMH/bar. The newly developed NF membrane can effectively remove heavy metal cations such as Pb(2+), Cd(2+), Zn(2+), and Ni(2+) with a rejection of >98.0%. On the other hand, the membrane also shows reasonably high rejections toward anions such as HAsO4(2-) (99.9%) and HCrO4(-) (92.3%). This performance can be attributed to (1) the pentablock copolymer's unique ability to form a continuous water transport passageway with a defined pore size and (2) the incorporation of polyethylenimine as a gutter layer between the selective layer and the substrate. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported NF membrane comprising this pentablock copolymer as the selective material. The promising preliminary results achieved in this study provide a useful platform for the development of new NF membranes for heavy metal removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Thong
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore , Singapore 119260
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Zuo J, Shi GM, Wei S, Chung TS. The development of novel Nexar block copolymer/Ultem composite membranes for C2-C4 alcohols dehydration via pervaporation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:13874-13883. [PMID: 24988480 DOI: 10.1021/am503277t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Novel composite membranes comprising sulfonated styrenic Nexar pentablock copolymers were developed by dip-coating on poly(ether imide) hollow fibers for pervaporation dehydration of C2-C4 alcohols. The advantages of using block copolymers as the selective layer are (1) their effectiveness to synergize the physicochemical properties of different chemical and structural moieties and (2) tunable nanoscale morphology and nanostructure via molecular engineering. To achieve high-performance composite membranes, the effects of coating time, ion exchange capacity (IEC) of the copolymer, and solvent systems for coating were investigated. It is revealed that a minimum coating time of 30 s is needed for the formation of a continuous and less-defective top layer. A higher IEC value results in a membrane with a higher flux and lower separation factor because of enhanced hydrophilicity and stretched chain conformation. Moreover, the composite membranes prepared from hexane/ethanol mixtures show higher separation factors and lower fluxes than those from the hexane solvent owing to microdomain segregation induced by ethanol and a smooth and dense top selective layer. These hypotheses were verified by atomic force microscopy and positron annihilation spectroscopy. The newly developed composite membranes demonstrate impressive separation performance with fluxes exceeding 2 kg/m(2) h and separation factors more than 200 for isopropyl alcohol and n-butanol dehydration from 85/15 wt % alcohol/water feed mixtures at 50 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zuo
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117576
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Fan Y, Zhang M, Moore RB, Cornelius CJ. Structure, physical properties, and molecule transport of gas, liquid, and ions within a pentablock copolymer. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Duong PHH, Chung TS, Wei S, Irish L. Highly permeable double-skinned forward osmosis membranes for anti-fouling in the emulsified oil-water separation process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:4537-4545. [PMID: 24621207 DOI: 10.1021/es405644u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Forward osmosis (FO) has attracted wide attention in recent years. However, the FO performance may be restricted due to internal concentration polarization (ICP) and fast fouling propensity that occurs in the membrane sublayer. Particularly, these problems significantly affect the membrane performance when treating highly contaminated oily wastewater. Recently, double-skinned flat sheet cellulose acetate (CA) membranes consisting of two selective skins via the phase inversion method have demonstrated less ICP and fouling propensity over typical single-skinned membranes. However, these membranes exhibit low water fluxes of <12 LMH under 2 M NaCl draw solution. Therefore, a novel double-skinned FO membrane with a high water flux has been aimed for in this study for emulsified oil-water treatment. The double-skinned FO membrane comprises a fully porous sublayer sandwiched between (i) a truly dense skin for salt rejection and (ii) a fairly loose dense skin for emulsified oil particle rejection. The former dense skin is a polyamide synthesized via interfacial polymerization, while the latter one is a self-assembled sulfonated pentablock copolymer (Nexar copolymer) layer. The resultant double-skinned membrane exhibits a high water flux of 17.2 LMH and a low reverse salt transport of 4.85 gMH using 0.5 M NaCl as the draw solution and DI water as the feed. The double-skinned membrane outperforms the single-skinned membrane with much lower fouling propensity for emulsified oil-water separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuoc H H Duong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
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Free volume characterization of sulfonated styrenic pentablock copolymers using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Schneider NS, Zukas WS, Pomerantz NL. Effect of cation exchange on dimethyl methylphosphonate permeation kinetics in a pentablock hydrocarbon ionomer and a perfluorocarbon ionomer. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Geise GM, Paul DR, Freeman BD. Fundamental water and salt transport properties of polymeric materials. Prog Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Geise GM, Hickner MA, Logan BE. Ionic resistance and permselectivity tradeoffs in anion exchange membranes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:10294-10301. [PMID: 24040962 DOI: 10.1021/am403207w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Salinity gradient energy technologies, such as reverse electrodialysis (RED) and capacitive mixing based on Donnan potential (Capmix CDP), could help address the global need for noncarbon-based energy. Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) are a key component in these systems, and improved AEMs are needed in order to optimize and extend salinity gradient energy technologies. We measured ionic resistance and permselectivity properties of quaternary ammonium-functionalized AEMs based on poly(sulfone) and poly(phenylene oxide) polymer backbones and developed structure-property relationships between the transport properties and the water content and fixed charge concentration of the membranes. Ion transport and ion exclusion properties depend on the volume fraction of water in the polymer membrane, and the chemical nature of the polymer itself can influence fine-tuning of the transport properties to obtain membranes with other useful properties, such as chemical and dimensional stability. The ionic resistance of the AEMs considered in this study decreased by more than 3 orders of magnitude (i.e., from 3900 to 1.6 Ω m) and the permselectivity decreased by 6% (i.e., from 0.91 to 0.85) as the volume fraction of water in the polymer was varied by a factor of 3.8 (i.e., from 0.1 to 0.38). Water content was used to rationalize a tradeoff relationship between the permselectivity and ionic resistance of these AEMs whereby polymers with higher water content tend to have lower ionic resistance and lower permselectivity. The correlation of ion transport properties with water volume fraction and fixed charge concentration is discussed with emphasis on the importance of considering water volume fraction when interpreting ion transport data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey M Geise
- Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Pan J, Wang S, Xiao M, Hickner M, Meng Y. Layered zirconium phosphate sulfophenylphosphonates reinforced sulfonated poly (fluorenyl ether ketone) hybrid membranes with high proton conductivity and low vanadium ion permeability. J Memb Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Choi JH, Willis CL, Winey KI. Effects of neutralization with Et3Al on structure and properties in sulfonated styrenic pentablock copolymers. J Memb Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Geise GM, Freeman BD, Paul DR. Sodium chloride diffusion in sulfonated polymers for membrane applications. J Memb Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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