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Elgharbi S, Boubakri A, Bouguecha S, Chemingui S, Alanazy HD, Hafiane A. Unlocking groundwater desalination potential for agriculture with fertilizer drawn forward osmosis: prediction and performance optimization via RSM and ANN. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:43660-43672. [PMID: 38904877 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The agricultural sector uses 70% of the world's freshwater. As clean water is extracted, groundwater quality decreases, making it difficult to grow crops. Brackish water desalination is a promising solution for agricultural areas, but the cost is a barrier to adoption. This study investigated the performance of the fertilizer drawn forward osmosis (FDFO) process for brackish water desalination using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) approaches. The RSM model was used to identify the optimal operating conditions, and the ANN model was used to predict the water flux (Jw) and reverse solute flux (Js). Both models achieved high accuracy, with RSM excelling in predicting Js (R2 = 0.9614) and ANN performing better for Jw (R2 = 0.9801). Draw solution (DS) concentration emerged as the most critical factor for both models, having a relative importance of 100% for two outputs. The optimal operating conditions identified by RSM were a DS concentration of 22 mol L-1, and identical feed solution (FS) and DS velocities of 8.1 cm s-1. This configuration yielded a high Jw of 4.386 LMH and a low Js of 0.392 gMH. Furthermore, the study evaluated the applicability of FDFO for real brackish groundwater. The results confirm FDFO's potential as a viable technology for water recovery in agriculture. The standalone FO system proves to be less energy-intensive than other desalination technologies. However, FO exhibits a low recovery rate, which may necessitate further dilution for fertigation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarra Elgharbi
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, University of Ha'il, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Boubakri
- Laboratory Water, Membranes and Environmental Biotechnology, Center of Water Research and Technologies (CERTE), PB 273, 8020, Soliman, Tunisia.
| | - Salah Bouguecha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdul-Aziz University, P.B: 80204, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sondes Chemingui
- National Center for Research in Materials Sciences, Technopole of Borj Cedria, BP 73, 8027, Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Haessah D Alanazy
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, University of Ha'il, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amor Hafiane
- Laboratory Water, Membranes and Environmental Biotechnology, Center of Water Research and Technologies (CERTE), PB 273, 8020, Soliman, Tunisia
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Al Bazedi G, Soliman N, Sewilam H. Biofouling mechanism and cleaning procedures for Spirulina platensis as an organic fertilizer draw solution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:91355-91368. [PMID: 37479923 PMCID: PMC10439861 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28694-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
The forward osmosis (FO) desalination process has recently acknowledged a lot of attention as a promising solution for reducing the disadvantages of existing desalination systems. This work aimed to investigate the effect of a selected liquid organic fertilizer a novel draw solution produced from "microalgae Spirulina platensis" on the biofouling mechanism of FO membrane. Different draw solution (DS) concentrations ranging 240-480 g/L were examined, obtained water flux ranging from 6.5 to 3.4 Lm2h-1. A high flux decline was observed when using higher DS concentrations due to fouling layer accumulated throughout the membrane area which lowers the effective osmotic pressure difference. Different cleaning strategies were examined. The biofouled membrane was cleaned on-line with deionized water (DI) and externally using ultrasound (US) and HCl. Baseline experiments were done to investigate the efficiency of the cleaning strategies. After cleaning using the deionized water (DI) water, it was found that the water flux progressed from 3.4 to 7 Lm2h-1, while when using acid cleaning the flux recovered to 15 Lm-2h-1. The efficacy and amount of foulant removed by each cleaning stage were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Al Bazedi
- Center for Applied Research on the Environment and Sustainability (CARES), School of Science and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, P.O. Box: 74, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
- Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering and Renewable Energy Research Institute, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, PO Box 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Noha Soliman
- Center for Applied Research on the Environment and Sustainability (CARES), School of Science and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, P.O. Box: 74, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Hani Sewilam
- Center for Applied Research on the Environment and Sustainability (CARES), School of Science and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, P.O. Box: 74, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt.
- Department of Engineering Hydrology, RWTH Aachen University, Mies-van-der-Rohe Strasse 17, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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Yasmeen M, Nawaz MS, Khan SJ, Ghaffour N, Khan MZ. Recovering and reuse of textile dyes from dyebath effluent using surfactant driven forward osmosis to achieve zero hazardous chemical discharge. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 230:119524. [PMID: 36584660 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This experimental study explores the feasibility of the reuse of dyes recovered from denim and polyester dyebath effluents using forward osmosis (FO) system to achieve zero hazardous material discharge. In batch experiments, the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) at 0.5 M concentration generated an average flux of 3.5 L/m2/h (LMH) and reverse salt flux (RSF) of only 0.012 g/m2/h (GMH), while maintaining 100% dye rejection. This flux stability comes from the property of surfactants to form micelles and exert a stable osmotic pressure (π) above their critical micelle concentration (CMC). The low RSF is due to the greater micelle size. A colored fouling layer was formed on the membrane active layer (AL), which was easily removed using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and citric acid. According to Fourier transform infrared spectra and atomic forces microscopy images of the AL, the interaction between foulants and membrane active groups did not significantly affect the physiochemical properties of the membrane. In the semi-continuous experiment, a very stable average flux of 7.3 LMH and RSF of 0.03 GMH was obtained using 0.75 M SDS as draw solution. The stacked 1D proton nuclear magnetic resonance analysis (1HNMR) spectra of both original and recovered disperse dyes showed 100% similarity, which validates the concept that the recovered dyes maintained their integrity during reconcentration and can be reused in the next batch dyeing process. Importantly, the diluted SDS concentration can be directly reused within the same textile industry in scouring and finishing processes. The processes of dye recovery and reuse developed in this study do not produce any waste or hazardous by-products and are suitable for scale-up and onsite industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Yasmeen
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE), Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saqib Nawaz
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sher Jamal Khan
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE), Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Noreddine Ghaffour
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; Environmental Science and Engineering Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Zafar Khan
- School of Chemicals and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Development of high-performance CuBTC MOF-based forward osmosis (FO) membranes and their cleaning strategies. Chem Eng Res Des 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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5
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Alamoudi T, Nawaz MS, Obaid M, Jin Y, Soukane S, Son HS, Gudideni V, Al-Qahtani A, Ghaffour N. Optimization of osmotic backwashing cleaning protocol for produced water fouled forward osmosis membranes. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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6
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Ibrar I, Yadav S, Altaee A, Safaei J, Samal AK, Subbiah S, Millar G, Deka P, Zhou J. Sodium docusate as a cleaning agent for forward osmosis membranes fouled by landfill leachate wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136237. [PMID: 36049636 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Membrane cleaning is critical for economic and scientific reasons in wastewater treatment systems. Sodium docusate is a laxative agent and removes cerumen (ear wax). Docusate penetrates the hard ear wax, making it softer and easier to remove. The same concept could be applied to soften and remove fouling layers on the membrane surface. Once softened, the foulants can be easily flushed with water. This innovative approach can address the challenge of developing superior methods to mitigate membrane fouling and material degradation. In this study, we evaluated the efficiency of sodium docusate for cleaning fouled forward osmosis membranes with real landfill leachate wastewater. Experiments were conducted to examine the impact of dose rate, contact time, flow or static conditions, and process configuration (forward osmosis (FO) or pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) upon fouling created by landfill leachate dewatering. A remarkable (99%) flux recovery was achieved using docusate at a small concentration of only 0.1% for 30 min. Furthermore, docusate can also effectively restore flux with static cleaning without using pumps to circulate the cleaning solution. Furthermore, cleaning efficiency can be achieved at neutral pH compatible with most membrane materials. From an economic and energy-saving perspective, static cleaning can almost achieve the same cleaning efficiency as kinetic cleaning for fouled forward osmosis membranes without the expense of additional pumping energy compared to kinetic cleaning. Since pumping energy is a major contributor to the overall energy of the forward osmosis system, it can be minimized to a certain degree by using a static cleaning approach and can bring good energy savings when using larger membrane areas. Studies of the contact angle on the membrane surface indicated that the contact angle was decreased compared to the fouled membrane after cleaning (e.g. 70.3° to 63.2° or FO mode and static cleaning). Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed that the cleaning strategy was successful. Infrared Spectroscopy showed that a small amount of sodium docusate remained on the membrane surface. Docusate is more environmentally friendly than acid or alkaline solutions from an environmental perspective. Furthermore, the cleaning solution can be reused for several cycles without discarding it due to the surfactant properties of docusate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrar Ibrar
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Sudesh Yadav
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Ali Altaee
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Javad Safaei
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Akshaya K Samal
- Centre for Nano and Material Science (CNMS), Jain University, India
| | - Senthilmurugan Subbiah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Graeme Millar
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Priyamjeet Deka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - John Zhou
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
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Almoalimi K, Liu YQ. Fouling and cleaning of thin film composite forward osmosis membrane treating municipal wastewater for resource recovery. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132507. [PMID: 34627812 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Concentrating municipal wastewater by forward osmosis (FO) membrane to a high level of water recovery rate to facilitate downstream resource recovery might cause more serious membrane fouling. This study investigated the concentration of synthetic and real municipal wastewater to 90% water recovery rate by hollow fiber and flat-sheet thin film composite (TFC) FO membranes and their associated membrane fouling and cleaning. Results show that the FO membrane had high rejection rates of COD, phosphate, Ca2+ and Mg2+ with concentration factors at around 8 when achieving a 90% water recovery rate, which facilitated downstream phosphate recovery by precipitation and energy recovery by anaerobic digestion. Ca2+ concentration in municipal wastewater at 61 mg/L was found to be the main factor to cause inorganic scaling, and the fouling caused by calcium precipitates was harder to be cleaned by physical cleaning compared with suspended solids (SS) such as cellulose particles. In addition, the TFC FO membrane for treating real sewage with SS is not applicable for the hollow fiber configuration used in this study due to lumen clogging, while the TFC flat sheet configuration was able to achieve a 90% water recovery rate. The use of a spacer in the flat sheet configuration improved the efficiency of the following physical cleaning by around 15% although it did not alleviate membrane fouling during the membrane filtration process. This study highlighted the importance of the chemistry of FS and DS and FO membrane configuration on membrane fouling particularly at high water recovery rates and the necessity of pre-treatment of municipal wastewater by removing suspended solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Almoalimi
- Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Yong-Qiang Liu
- Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom.
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8
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Suwaileh W, Zargar M, Abdala A, Siddiqui F, Khiadani M, Abdel-Wahab A. Concentration polarization control in stand-alone and hybrid forward osmosis systems: Recent technological advancements and future directions. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2021.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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9
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Samannan B, Chen YS, Selvam J, Peter P, Lin YL, Thavasikani J. Hydrothermal method of Synthesis, Characterization and TFN FO membrane performances of silverton-type anion with 1, 3, 5-triazine hybrid material. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Jia X, Li K, Wang B, Zhao Z, Hou D, Wang J. Membrane cleaning in membrane distillation of reverse osmosis concentrate generated in landfill leachate treatment. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 85:244-256. [PMID: 35050880 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a thermally induced membrane separation process, membrane distillation (MD) has drawn more and more attention to the advantages of treating hypersaline wastewaters, especially the concentrate from the reverse osmosis (RO) process. One of the major obstacles in widespread MD application is the membrane fouling. We investigated the feasibility of direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) for landfill leachate reverse osmosis concentrate (LFLRO) brine treatment and systematically assessed the efficiency of chemical cleaning for DCMD after processing LFLRO brine. The results showed that 80% water recovery rate was achieved when processing the LFLRO brine by DCMD, but membrane fouling occurred during the DCMD process, and manifested as the decreasing of permeate flux and the increasing of permeate conductivity. Analysis revealed that the serious flux reduction was primarily caused by the fouling layer, which consisted of organic matter and inorganic salts. Five cleaning methods were investigated for membrane cleaning, including hydrogen chloride (HCl)-sodium hydroxide (NaOH), ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)-NaOH, citric acid, sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) cleaning. Among the chemical cleaning methods investigated, the 3 wt.% SDS cleaning showed the best efficiency at recovering the performance of fouled membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Jia
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China E-mail: ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kuiling Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China E-mail:
| | - Baoqiang Wang
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - ZhiChao Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China E-mail: ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Deyin Hou
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China E-mail: ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jun Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China E-mail: ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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11
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Ibrar I, Yadav S, Ganbat N, Samal AK, Altaee A, Zhou JL, Nguyen TV. Feasibility of H 2O 2 cleaning for forward osmosis membrane treating landfill leachate. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 294:113024. [PMID: 34139645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study reports landfill leachate treatment by the forward osmosis (FO) process using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for membrane cleaning. Although chemical cleaning is an effective method for fouling control, it could compromise membrane integrity. Thus, understanding the impact of chemical cleaning on the forward osmosis membrane is essential to improving the membrane performance and lifespan. Preliminary results revealed a flux recovery of 98% in the AL-FS mode (active layer facing feed solution) and 90% in the AL-DS (draw solution faces active layer) using 30% H2O2 solution diluted to 3% by pure water. The experimental work investigated the effects of chemical cleaning on the polyamide active and polysulfone support layers since the FO membrane could operate in both orientations. Results revealed that polysulfone support layer was more sensitive to H2O2 damage than the polyamide active at a neutral pH. The extended exposure of thin-film composite (TFC) FO membrane to H2O2 was investigated, and the active layer tolerated H2O2 for 72 h, and the support layer for only 40 h. Extended operation of the TFC FO membrane in the AL-FS based on a combination of physical (hydraulic flushing with DI water) and H2O2 was reported, and chemical cleaning with H2O2 could still recover 92% of the flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrar Ibrar
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Sudesh Yadav
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Namuun Ganbat
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Akshaya K Samal
- Centre for Nano and Material Science (CNMS), Jain University, India
| | - Ali Altaee
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - John L Zhou
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Tien Vinh Nguyen
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
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12
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Zhu L, Ding C, Zhu T, Wang Y. A review on the forward osmosis applications and fouling control strategies for wastewater treatment. Front Chem Sci Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-021-2084-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Biological wastewater treatment processes such as activated sludge and anaerobic digestion remain the most favorable when compared to processes such as chemical precipitation and ion exchange due to their cost-effectiveness, eco-friendliness, ease of operation, and low maintenance. Since Abattoir Wastewater (AWW) is characterized as having high organic content, anaerobic digestion is slow and inadequate for complete removal of all nutrients and organic matter when required to produce a high-quality effluent that satisfies discharge standards. Multi-integrated systems can be designed in which additional stages are added before the anaerobic digester (pre-treatment), as well as after the digester (post-treatment) for nutrient recovery and pathogen removal. This can aid the water treatment plant effluent to meet the discharge regulations imposed by the legislator and allow the possibility for reuse on-site. This review aims to provide information on the principles of anaerobic digestion, aeration pre-treatment technology using enzymes and a hybrid membrane bioreactor, describing their various roles in AWW treatment. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification are essential to add after anaerobic digestion for nutrient recovery utilizing a single step process. Nutrient recovery has become more favorable than nutrient removal in wastewater treatment because it consumes less energy, making the process cost-effective. In addition, recovered nutrients can be used to make nutrient-based fertilizers, reducing the effects of eutrophication and land degradation. The downflow expanded granular bed reactor is also compared to other high-rate anaerobic reactors, such as the up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and the expanded granular sludge bed reactor (EGSB).
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Polyoxometalate-cored supramolecular star polymers as a novel crosslinker for graphene oxide-based forward osmosis membranes: Anti-fouling, super hydrophilic and high water permeable. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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15
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Kim DY, Park H, Park YI, Lee JH. Polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel-supported forward osmosis membranes with high performance and excellent pH stability. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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17
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Daly S, Casey E, Semião AJ. Osmotic backwashing of forward osmosis membranes to detach adhered bacteria and mitigate biofouling. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Nguyen TT, Adha RS, Field RW, Kim IS. Extended performance study of forward osmosis during wastewater reclamation: Quantification of fouling-based concentration polarization effects on the flux decline. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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19
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Factors affecting the performance of forward osmosis treatment for oilfield produced water from surfactant-polymer flooding. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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20
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Habib Z, Khan SJ, Ahmad NM, Shahzad HMA, Jamal Y, Hashmi I. Antibacterial behaviour of surface modified composite polyamide nanofiltration (NF) membrane by immobilizing Ag-doped TiO 2 nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:3657-3669. [PMID: 31072275 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1617355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Modification of active membrane surface is an auspicious way to enhance the membrane performance. In our study, a commercially available composite polyamide Nanofiltration (NF) membrane was modified by immobilizing silver doped TiO2 (Ag-TiO2) nanoparticles. Ag-TiO2 with different nanoparticles concentration (0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 wt. %) were coated on the surface of the membrane by a dip coating method. The evidence of successful coating was evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy images. Moreover, the Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), contact angle measurement and permeation tests were carried out in order to evaluate the membrane performance after coating. The antifouling property of the modified membrane was evaluated for Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria by colony counting method. The results indicated that the modified membranes keep efficient antibacterial efficacy against both types of bacteria. The bacterial growth reduced approximately 93% and 91% on the modified membrane as compared to the unmodified membrane for E.coli and B.subtilis, respectively. Ag-TiO2 nanoparticles imbedded nanofiltration membranes inhibit the biofilm formation and facilitate in cleaning membrane surface without using excessive chemical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunaira Habib
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sher Jamal Khan
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Mehmood Ahmad
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Aamir Shahzad
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yousuf Jamal
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Imran Hashmi
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
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21
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Ibrar I, Yadav S, Altaee A, Samal AK, Zhou JL, Nguyen TV, Ganbat N. Treatment of biologically treated landfill leachate with forward osmosis: Investigating membrane performance and cleaning protocols. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 744:140901. [PMID: 32711320 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study presents systematic investigations to evaluate the performance, rejection rate, fouling, cleaning protocols and impact of physical and chemical cleaning strategies on the performance of commercial cellulose triacetate (CTA) membrane. The treatment of landfill leachate (LFL) solution was performed in the active layer facing feed solution and support layer facing the draw solution (AL-FS mode), and active layer facing the draw solution and support layer facing the feed solution (AL-DS mode). Compared to the AL-FS mode, a higher flux for AL-DS mode was achieved, but membrane fouling was more severe in the latter. In both membrane orientations, the rejection rate of the FO membrane to heavy ions and contaminants in the wastewater was between 93 and 99%. Physical and chemical cleaning strategies were investigated to recover the performance of the FO membrane and to study the impact of cleaning methods on the membrane rejection rate. Physical cleaning with hot water at 35 °C and osmotic backwashing with 1.5 M NaCl demonstrated excellent water flux recovery compared to chemical cleaning. In the chemical cleaning, an optimal concentration of 3% hydrogen peroxide was determined for 100% flux recovery of the fouled membrane. However, slight membrane damage was achieved at this concentration on the active layer side. Alkaline cleaning at pH 11 was more effective than acid cleaning at pH 4, although both protocols compromised the membrane rejection rate for some toxic ions. A comparison of the membrane long-term performance found that cleaning with osmotic backwashing and hot water were effective methods to restore water flux without comprising the membrane rejection rate. Overall, it was found that physical cleaning protocols are superior to chemical cleaning protocols for forward osmosis membrane fouled by landfill leachate wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrar Ibrar
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Sudesh Yadav
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Ali Altaee
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Akshaya K Samal
- Centre for Nano and Material Science (CNMS), Jain University, India
| | - John L Zhou
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Tien Vinh Nguyen
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Namuun Ganbat
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
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22
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Blandin G, Ferrari F, Lesage G, Le-Clech P, Héran M, Martinez-Lladó X. Forward Osmosis as Concentration Process: Review of Opportunities and Challenges. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10100284. [PMID: 33066490 PMCID: PMC7602145 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10100284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years, osmotic membrane systems, such as forward osmosis (FO), have gained popularity as "soft" concentration processes. FO has unique properties by combining high rejection rate and low fouling propensity and can be operated without significant pressure or temperature gradient, and therefore can be considered as a potential candidate for a broad range of concentration applications where current technologies still suffer from critical limitations. This review extensively compiles and critically assesses recent considerations of FO as a concentration process for applications, including food and beverages, organics value added compounds, water reuse and nutrients recovery, treatment of waste streams and brine management. Specific requirements for the concentration process regarding the evaluation of concentration factor, modules and design and process operation, draw selection and fouling aspects are also described. Encouraging potential is demonstrated to concentrate streams more than 20-fold with high rejection rate of most compounds and preservation of added value products. For applications dealing with highly concentrated or complex streams, FO still features lower propensity to fouling compared to other membranes technologies along with good versatility and robustness. However, further assessments on lab and pilot scales are expected to better define the achievable concentration factor, rejection and effective concentration of valuable compounds and to clearly demonstrate process limitations (such as fouling or clogging) when reaching high concentration rate. Another important consideration is the draw solution selection and its recovery that should be in line with application needs (i.e., food compatible draw for food and beverage applications, high osmotic pressure for brine management, etc.) and be economically competitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetan Blandin
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Water, Air and Soil Unit, 08242 Manresa, Spain;
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34090 Montpellier, France; (G.L.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Federico Ferrari
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), 17003 Girona, Spain;
| | - Geoffroy Lesage
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34090 Montpellier, France; (G.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Pierre Le-Clech
- UNESCO Centre for Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Marc Héran
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34090 Montpellier, France; (G.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Xavier Martinez-Lladó
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Water, Air and Soil Unit, 08242 Manresa, Spain;
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23
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Huang J, Luo J, Chen X, Feng S, Wan Y. How Do Chemical Cleaning Agents Act on Polyamide Nanofiltration Membrane and Fouling Layer? Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jianquan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiangrong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shichao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yinhua Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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24
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Abstract
Organic fouling in the forward osmosis process is complex and influenced by different parameters in the forward osmosis such as type of feed and draw solution, operating conditions, and type of membrane. In this article, we reviewed organic fouling in the forward osmosis by focusing on wastewater treatment applications. Model organic foulants used in the forward osmosis literature were highlighted, which were followed by the characteristics of organic foulants when real wastewater was used as feed solution. The various physical and chemical cleaning protocols for the organic fouled membrane are also discussed. The study also highlighted the effective pre-treatment strategies that are effective in reducing the impact of organic fouling on the forward osmosis (FO) membrane. The efficiency of cleaning methods for the removal of organic fouling in the FO process was investigated, including recommendations on future cleaning technologies such as Ultraviolet and Ultrasound. Generally, a combination of physical and chemical cleaning is the best for restoring the water flux in the FO process.
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25
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Novel Thermal Desalination Brine Reject-Sewage Effluent Salinity Gradient for Power Generation and Dilution of Brine Reject. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13071756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Salinity gradient resource presents an essential role for power generated in the process of pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO). Researchers proposed several designs for coupling the PRO process with the desalination plants, particularly reverse osmosis technology for low-cost desalination but there is no study available yet on the utilization of the concentrated brine reject from a thermal desalination plant. This study evaluates the feasibility of power generation in the PRO process using thermal plant brine reject-tertiary sewage effluent (TSE) salinity gradient resource. Power generation in the PRO process was determined for several commercially available FO membranes. Water flux in Oasys Forward Osmosis membrane was more than 31 L/m2h while the average water flux in the Oasys module was 17 L/m2h. The specific power generation was higher in the thin film composite (TFC) membranes compared to the cellulose triacetate (CTA) membranes. The specific power generation for the Oasys membrane was 0.194 kWh/m3, which is 41% of the maximum Gibbs energy of the brine reject-TSE salinity gradient. However, the Hydration Technology Innovation CTA membrane extracted only 0.133 kWh/m3 or 28% of Gibbs free energy of mixing for brine reject-TSE salinity gradient. The study reveals the potential of the brine reject-TSE salinity gradient resource for power generation and the dilution of brine reject.
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26
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Liu X, Wu J, Hou LA, Wang J. Fouling and cleaning protocols for forward osmosis membrane used for radioactive wastewater treatment. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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27
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Zhao S, Dou P, Song J, Nghiem LD, Li XM, He T. Direct preparation of dialysate from tap water via osmotic dilution. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Kim Y, Li S, Ghaffour N. Evaluation of different cleaning strategies for different types of forward osmosis membrane fouling and scaling. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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29
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Recent advances in functionalized polymer membranes for biofouling control and mitigation in forward osmosis. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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30
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Factors Affecting the Performance of Membrane Osmotic Processes for Bioenergy Development. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13020481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Forward osmosis (FO) and pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) have gained attention recently as potential processes to solve water and energy scarcity problems with advantages over pressure-driven membrane processes. These processes can be designed to produce bioenergy and clean water at the same time (i.e., wastewater treatment with power generation). Despite having significant technological advancement, these bioenergy processes are yet to be implemented in full scale and commercialized due to its relatively low performance. Hence, massive and extensive research has been carried out to evaluate the variables in FO and PRO processes such as osmotic membrane, feed solutions, draw solutions, and operating conditions in order to maximize the outcomes, which include water flux and power density. However, these research findings have not been summarized and properly reviewed. The key parts of this review are to discuss the factors influencing the performance of FO and PRO with respective resulting effects and to determine the research gaps in their optimization with the aim of further improving these bioenergy processes and commercializing them in various industrial applications.
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31
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Xu X, Zhang H, Yu M, Wang Y, Gao T, Yang F. Conductive thin film nanocomposite forward osmosis membrane (TFN-FO) blended with carbon nanoparticles for membrane fouling control. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 697:134050. [PMID: 32380598 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fouling in forward osmosis (FO) significantly affects water flux and membrane life, which restricts the further development of FO. In this work, carbon nanoparticles were blended in polyethersulfone (PES) to prepare a conductive thin film nanocomposite (TFN) FO membrane to control the membrane fouling in FO processes. The membrane containing 4 wt% carbon exhibited an optimum performance with water flux of 14.0 and 17.2 LMH for FO (active layer for FS) and PRO (active layer for DS) modes, respectively, using DI water as feed solution and 1 M NaCl as draw solution and electrical conductivity of 170.1 mS/m. Dynamic antifouling experiments showed that, compared with no voltage applied, the water flux decline of surface charged TFN-FO membrane was significantly retarded. For CaSO4, BSA and LYS as model contaminants, the water fluxes were improved by 31%, 13% and 7% under the voltages of +1.7 V, -1.7 V and +1.7 V, respectively. Moreover, the charged membrane is more effective in relieving the initial membrane fouling, and contaminant-contaminant interactions mechanism dominates the formation of further membrane fouling processes. Therefore, for contaminants with different charge conditions, customizing membrane surface charges is a feasible and promising approach for controlling membrane fouling in situ method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hanmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Mingchuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yuezhu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Tianyu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Fenglin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
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32
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Hao X, Gao S, Tian J, Wang S, Zhang H, Sun Y, Shi W, Cui F. New insights into the organic fouling mechanism of an in situ Ca 2+ modified thin film composite forward osmosis membrane. RSC Adv 2019; 9:38227-38234. [PMID: 35541777 PMCID: PMC9075835 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06272f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effect of organic substances on the fouling behavior of a thin film composite (TFC) membrane with in situ Ca2+ addition (TFC-Ca membrane) was evaluated. Bovine serum albumin (BSA), humic acid (HA) and sodium alginate (SA) were used as surrogate foulants for protein, natural organic substances and polysaccharides, respectively, thus enabling the analysis of foulant–membrane interaction in the membrane fouling process. Fouling experiments were carried out and the fouling mechanism was investigated by extended Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (XDLVO) theory. SEM-EDX, ICP-OES and TOC analysis were applied to characterize the fouled TFC-Ca membrane. Results suggested that the interfacial free energies obtained from advanced contact angle measurements were correlated strongly with the rates of membrane fouling. In situ Ca2+ addition in the TFC membrane resulted in the decrease of the interfacial adhesion free energy (i.e., foulant–membrane interaction) and thus the mitigation of membrane fouling. The permeate flux of TFC-Ca FO membrane after organic fouling could be fully restored by simple physical cleaning. The antifouling mechanism of Ca2+ pre-binding carboxyl groups in the TFC-Ca FO membrane was demonstrated, which provides new insights into the development of antifouling TFC membranes in the future. In this study, the effect of organic substances on the fouling behavior of a thin film composite (TFC) membrane with in situ Ca2+ addition (TFC-Ca membrane) was evaluated.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 China
| | - Shanshan Gao
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300401 China
| | - Jiayu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 China .,School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300401 China
| | - Songxue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 China
| | - Huizhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 China
| | - Yan Sun
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University Xi'an 710061 China
| | - Wenxin Shi
- College of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China
| | - Fuyi Cui
- College of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China
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33
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Wang C, Li Y, Wang Y. Treatment of greywater by forward osmosis technology: role of the operating temperature. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:3434-3443. [PMID: 29757084 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1476595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Effects of operating conditions were investigated in terms of water flux, reverse salt flux (RSF) and pollutant rejection in a forward osmosis (FO) membrane system treating synthetic greywater. Changing cross-flow velocity had a slight impact on the performance of the FO membrane. Elevating operating temperature was more effective than increasing draw solution concentration to enhance the water flux. Further observation on the effect of heating mode showed that when the temperature was increased from 20 to 30°C, heating the feed solution (FS) side was better than heating the draw solution (DS) side or heating both sides; further increasing the temperature to 40 and 50°C, heating both the FS and DS achieved much higher water flux compared with only increasing the FS or DS temperature. Under isothermal conditions, a higher water flux and a lower RSF were achieved at 40°C than at other temperatures. Changing either FS or DS temperature had similar influences on water flux and RSF. The FO process revealed high rejection of nitrate (95.7%-100%), ammonia nitrogen (98.8%-100%), total nitrogen (97.4%-99.9%), linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (100%) and Mg (97.5%-100%). A mathematical model that could well simulate the water flux evolution in the present FO system was recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Yongmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqiang Wang
- Walt Disney Shanghai Research & Development, Inc. , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
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34
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Ly QV, Hu Y, Li J, Cho J, Hur J. Characteristics and influencing factors of organic fouling in forward osmosis operation for wastewater applications: A comprehensive review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 129:164-184. [PMID: 31128437 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater reuse is considered one of the most promising practices for the achievement of sustainable water management on a global scale. In the context of the safe reuse of water, membrane filtration is a competitive technique due to its superior efficiency in several processes. However, membrane fouling by organics is an inevitable challenge that is encountered during the practical application of membrane processes. The resolution of the membrane fouling challenge requires an in-depth understanding of many complex interactions between organic foulants and the membrane. In the last few decades, the forward osmosis (FO) membrane process, which exploits osmosis as a driving force, has emerged as an effective technology for water production with low energy consumption, thus leveraging the water-energy nexus. However, their successful application is severely hampered by membrane fouling, which is caused by such complex fouling mechanisms as cake enhanced osmotic pressure (CEOP), reverse salt diffusion (RSD), internal, and external concentration polarization as well as by the traditional fouling processes encompassing colloids, microbial (biofouling), inorganic, and organic fouling. Of these fouling types, the fouling potential of organic matter in FO has not been given sufficient attention, in particular, when FO is applied to wastewater treatment. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of FO membrane fouling for wastewater applications with a special focus on the identification of the major factors that lead to the unique properties of organic fouling in this filtration process. Based on the critical assessment of organic fouling formation and the governing mechanisms, proposals were advanced for future research aimed at the mitigation of FO membrane fouling to enhance process efficiency in wastewater applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Viet Ly
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea; State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, National Center for International Joint Research on Membrane Science and Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Yunxia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, National Center for International Joint Research on Membrane Science and Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Jianxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, National Center for International Joint Research on Membrane Science and Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Jinwoo Cho
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea.
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35
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Development of forward osmosis membranes modified by cross-linked layer by layer assembly for brackish water desalination. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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36
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Tran VH, Lim S, Han DS, Pathak N, Akther N, Phuntsho S, Park H, Shon HK. Efficient fouling control using outer-selective hollow fiber thin-film composite membranes for osmotic membrane bioreactor applications. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 282:9-17. [PMID: 30849738 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the efficiency of fouling mitigation methods using a novel outer selective hollow fiber thin-film composite forward osmosis (OSHF TFC FO) membrane for osmosis membrane bioreactor (OMBR) system treating municipal wastewater. Two home-made membrane modules having similar transport properties were used. Two operation regimes with three different fouling mitigation strategies were utilized to test the easiness of membrane for fouling cleaning. These two membrane modules demonstrated high performance with high initial water flux of 14.4 LMH and 14.1 LMH and slow increase rate of mixed liquor's salinity in the bioreactor using 30 g/L NaCl as draw solution. OMBR system showed high removals of total organic carbon and NH4 + -N (>98%). High fouling cleaning efficiency was achieved using OSHF TFC FO membrane with different fouling control methods. These results showed that this membrane is suitable for OMBR applications due to its high performance and its simplicity for fouling mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Huy Tran
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Australia
| | - Sungil Lim
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Australia
| | - Dong Suk Han
- Center for Advanced Materials (CAM), Research Complex H10, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nirenkumar Pathak
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Australia
| | - Nawshad Akther
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Australia
| | - Sherub Phuntsho
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Australia
| | - Hyunwoong Park
- School of Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Ho Kyong Shon
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Australia.
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37
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A Review of Fouling Mechanisms, Control Strategies and Real-Time Fouling Monitoring Techniques in Forward Osmosis. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11040695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Forward osmosis has gained tremendous attention in the field of desalination and wastewater treatment. However, membrane fouling is an inevitable issue. Membrane fouling leads to flux decline, can cause operational problems and can result in negative consequences that can damage the membrane. Hereby, we attempt to review the different types of fouling in forward osmosis, cleaning and control strategies for fouling mitigation, and the impact of membrane hydrophilicity, charge and morphology on fouling. The fundamentals of biofouling, organic, colloidal and inorganic fouling are discussed with a focus on recent studies. We also review some of the in-situ real-time online fouling monitoring technologies for real-time fouling monitoring that can be applicable to future research on forward osmosis fouling studies. A brief discussion on critical flux and the coupled effects of fouling and concentration polarization is also provided.
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38
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Zhao D, Qiu L, Song J, Liu J, Wang Z, Zhu Y, Liu G. Efficiencies and mechanisms of chemical cleaning agents for nanofiltration membranes used in produced wastewater desalination. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 652:256-266. [PMID: 30366326 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A spiral-wound nanofiltration (NF) membrane module harvested from a full-scale produced wastewater desalination plant was examined and cleaned to explore appropriate chemical cleaning protocols. Foulant identification and cleaning efficiency and mechanisms were investigated. For total foulants, the organic components, including anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) and crude oil, accounted for a weight percentage of 86.3%, while the remaining foulants constituted the inorganic fraction, including Na, Mg, Ca, Ba, Al, Fe and Si. Short-term cleaning experiments were designed to identify effective reagents that could be used for further evaluations of their cleaning efficiencies in long-term cleaning. For citric acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid tetrasodium (EDTA-4Na), the long-term cleaning efficiencies were relatively slight or even negative, while said values varied with different surfactants. Dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTAC) achieved the greatest flux recovery; conversely, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) provided insignificant, even negative effects, on flux recovery, as well as salt rejection, of the fouled NF membranes. FTIR and zeta potential analyses of the fouled membranes indicated that all the tested surfactants were identically effective in removing the foulants from the membrane surface, but their cleaning efficiencies differed. Moreover, a strong correlation between the flux ratio (Sf) and concentration of surfactant in the permeate (Cps) was observed. Among the tested chemical reagents, DTAC yielded the highest Cps and the greatest flux recovery, with an Sf of 2.25. Considering this correlation and the characteristics of the fouled membranes and surfactants, it is proposed that DTAC molecules penetrated the membrane pores and removed the foulants that were attached to the pore walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Zhao
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Liping Qiu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Jiyu Song
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Junxia Liu
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line Project of South-to-North Water Diversion of Henan Province, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Youbing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Guicai Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
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Bi R, Zhang R, Shen J, Liu YN, He M, You X, Su Y, Jiang Z. Graphene quantum dots engineered nanofiltration membrane for ultrafast molecular separation. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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40
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Zhang X, Gao S, Tian J, Shan S, Takagi R, Cui F, Bai L, Matsuyama H. Investigation of Cleaning Strategies for an Antifouling Thin-Film Composite Forward Osmosis Membrane for Treatment of Polymer-Flooding Produced Water. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b05194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
- Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe 6578501, Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Shanshan Gao
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Jiayu Tian
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Sujie Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Ryosuke Takagi
- Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe 6578501, Japan
| | - Fuyi Cui
- College of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Langming Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Hideto Matsuyama
- Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe 6578501, Japan
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Xiao T, Dou P, Wang J, Song J, Wang Y, Li XM, He T. Concentrating greywater using hollow fiber thin film composite forward osmosis membranes: Fouling and process optimization. Chem Eng Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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42
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Jamil TS, Mansor ES, Abdallah H, Shaban A. Innovative high flux/low pressure blend thin film composite membranes for water softening. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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43
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Biofouling Mitigation by Chloramination during Forward Osmosis Filtration of Wastewater. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15102124. [PMID: 30261685 PMCID: PMC6210331 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15102124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pre-concentration is essential for energy and resource recovery from municipal wastewater. The potential of forward osmosis (FO) membranes to pre-concentrate wastewater for subsequent biogas production has been demonstrated, although biofouling has also emerged as a prominent challenge. This study, using a cellulose triacetate FO membrane, shows that chloramination of wastewater in the feed solution at 3⁻8 mg/L residual monochloramine significantly reduces membrane biofouling. During a 96-h pre-concentration, flux in the chloraminated FO system decreased by only 6% and this flux decline is mostly attributed to the increase in salinity (or osmotic pressure) of the feed due to pre-concentration. In contrast, flux in the non-chloraminated FO system dropped by 35% under the same experimental conditions. When the feed was chloraminated, the number of bacterial particles deposited on the membrane surface was significantly lower compared to a non-chloraminated wastewater feed. This study demonstrated, for the first time, the potential of chloramination to inhibit bacteria growth and consequently biofouling during pre-concentration of wastewater using a FO membrane.
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Nascimento TA, Fdz-Polanco F, Peña M. Membrane-Based Technologies for the Up-Concentration of Municipal Wastewater: A Review of Pretreatment Intensification. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2018.1481089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago A. Nascimento
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Fernando Fdz-Polanco
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Mar Peña
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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Sun Y, Tian J, Song L, Gao S, Shi W, Cui F. Dynamic changes of the fouling layer in forward osmosis based membrane processes for municipal wastewater treatment. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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46
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Hey T, Bajraktari N, Davidsson Å, Vogel J, Madsen HT, Hélix-Nielsen C, Jansen JLC, Jönsson K. Evaluation of direct membrane filtration and direct forward osmosis as concepts for compact and energy-positive municipal wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2018; 39:264-276. [PMID: 28278103 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1298677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Municipal wastewater treatment commonly involves mechanical, biological and chemical treatment steps to protect humans and the environment from adverse effects. Membrane technology has gained increasing attention as an alternative to conventional wastewater treatment due to increased urbanization. Among the available membrane technologies, microfiltration (MF) and forward osmosis (FO) have been selected for this study due to their specific characteristics, such as compactness and efficient removal of particles. In this study, two treatment concepts were evaluated with regard to their specific electricity, energy and area demands. Both concepts would fulfil the Swedish discharge demands for small- and medium-sized wastewater treatment plants at full scale: (1) direct MF and (2) direct FO with seawater as the draw solution. The framework of this study is based on a combination of data obtained from bench- and pilot-scale experiments applying direct MF and FO, respectively. Additionally, available complementary data from a Swedish full-scale wastewater treatment plant and the literature were used to evaluate the concepts in depth. The results of this study indicate that both concepts are net positive with respect to electricity and energy, as more biogas can be produced compared to that using conventional wastewater treatment. Furthermore, the specific area demand is significantly reduced. This study demonstrates that municipal wastewater could be treated in a more energy- and area-efficient manner with techniques that are already commercially available and with future membrane technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Hey
- a VA SYD , Malmö , Sweden
- b Sweden Water Research AB, Ideon Science Park , Lund , Sweden
- c Water and Environmental Engineering at the Department of Chemical Engineering , Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Niada Bajraktari
- d Aquaporin A/S , Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
- e Department of Environmental Engineering , Technical University of Denmark , Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Åsa Davidsson
- c Water and Environmental Engineering at the Department of Chemical Engineering , Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Jörg Vogel
- d Aquaporin A/S , Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Henrik Tækker Madsen
- f Department of Chemistry and Bioscience , Aalborg University , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Claus Hélix-Nielsen
- d Aquaporin A/S , Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
- e Department of Environmental Engineering , Technical University of Denmark , Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
- g Laboratory for Water Biophysics and Membrane Processes, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , University of Maribor , Maribor , Slovenia
| | - Jes la Cour Jansen
- c Water and Environmental Engineering at the Department of Chemical Engineering , Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Karin Jönsson
- c Water and Environmental Engineering at the Department of Chemical Engineering , Lund University , Lund , Sweden
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Fabrication of composite nanofiltration membrane by incorporating attapulgite nanorods during interfacial polymerization for high water flux and antifouling property. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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48
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Surface functionalization of TFC FO membranes with zwitterionic polymers: Improvement of antifouling and salt-responsive cleaning properties. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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49
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An HK, Lee CG, Park SJ. Application of a nanofibrous composite membrane to the fertilizer-driven forward osmosis process for irrigation water use. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2017; 38:2700-2708. [PMID: 27973983 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1273397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we fabricated a nanofibrous composite (NFC) membrane as a substrate to produce forward osmosis (FO) membranes, and we also assessed the use of liquid fertilizer as a draw solution for the FO process in order to produce agricultural irrigation water. Commercial cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin-film composite (TFC) FO membranes were included in this study. Under FO tests, the NFC, CTA, and TFC membranes achieved initial osmotic water flux values of 35.31, 6.85, and 3.31 L/m2·h and final osmotic water flux values of 12.62, 6.31, and 3.85 L/m2 h, respectively. The reason for the high osmotic water flux of the NFC membrane is because its nanofiber layer has low tortuosity, high porosity, and a low thickness, resulting in a reduction in the internal concentration polarization phenomenon. When liquid fertilizer was used as the draw solution, the water flux values in the FO experiments for the NFC, CTA, and TFC membranes were 15.54, 5.46, and 2.54 L/m2 h. Finally, our results revealed that the FO process using liquid fertilizer as a draw solution can be applied to produce agricultural irrigation water from brackish water and the newly fabricated NFC membrane can be applied to the FO process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Kyung An
- a Department of Bioresources and Rural System Engineering , Hankyong National University , Anseong , Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gu Lee
- b Center for Water Resource Cycle Research , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jik Park
- a Department of Bioresources and Rural System Engineering , Hankyong National University , Anseong , Republic of Korea
- c Institute of Agricultural Environmental Science , Hankyong National University , Anseong , Republic of Korea
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50
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Biofouling of membrane distillation, forward osmosis and pressure retarded osmosis: Principles, impacts and future directions. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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