1
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Lee U, Park K, Chang S, Cho M, Lee J. Feasibility evaluation of near dissolved organic matter microfiltration (NDOM MF) for the efficient removal of microplastics in the water treatment process. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 356:141882. [PMID: 38582163 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Microfiltration (MF) using membranes with a mean pore size smaller than 0.45 μm has generally been used for particle removal from water, given that materials larger and smaller than 0.45 μm are regarded as particulates and dissolved organic matter (DOM), respectively. It is also the case for removing small-size microplastics (MPs). However, given their sizes (ca. 1 μm), there is room for further improvement of the productivity (i.e., water flux) in the pore size range of 0.45-1 μm on the condition that the removal rate is maintained. With this in mind, MF's water flux and removal rate were tested using seven different MF membranes, and the right pore, with the size of 0.8 μm, was found for MP removal, which is called near DOM (NDOM) MF. In the filtration test using polystyrene surrogate beads with an average particle diameter of 1.20 μm, NDOM MF exhibited a 1.7 to 13 times higher permeate flux than the conventional MF using 0.1, 0.2, and 0.45 μm membranes while maintaining a higher removal rate than 2 log. The excellent removal rate of the NDOM MF was attributable to the following three factors: (1) smaller mean pore size than the average particle diameter, (2) particle screening effect enhanced by the secondary layer formed by surface deposition, and (3) 3D mesh sublayer structure favorable for capturing penetrated particles. Furthermore, the outstanding filtration performance also appeared in a low-temperature (< 10°C) process, demonstrating that NDOM MF is feasible independently of temperature. Additionally, in constant flux filtration, NDOM MF demonstrated the long-term feasibility by lowering the transmembrane pressure and specific filtration energy by more than 2 times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uje Lee
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongyeon Park
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwon Chang
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Cho
- Division of Biotechnology, SELS Center, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaewoo Lee
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea; Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Department of JBNU-KIST Industry-Academia Convergence Research, Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Young AH, Hotz N, Hawkins BT, Kabala ZJ. Inducing Deep Sweeps and Vortex Ejections on Patterned Membrane Surfaces to Mitigate Surface Fouling. MEMBRANES 2024; 14:21. [PMID: 38248711 PMCID: PMC10818955 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Patterned membrane surfaces offer a hydrodynamic approach to mitigating concentration polarization and subsequent surface fouling. However, when subjected to steady crossflow conditions, surface patterns promote particle accumulation in the recirculation zones of cavity-like spaces. In order to resolve this issue, we numerically subject a two-dimensional, patterned membrane surface to a rapidly pulsed crossflow. When combined with cavity-like spaces, such as the valleys of membrane surface patterns, a rapidly pulsed flow generates mixing mechanisms (i.e., the deep sweep and the vortex ejection) and disrupts recirculation zones. In only four pulses, we demonstrate the ability of these mechanisms to remove over half of the particles trapped in recirculation zones via massless particle tracking studies (i.e., numerical integration of the simulated velocity field). The results of this work suggest that when combined with a rapidly pulsed inlet flow, patterned membrane surfaces can not only alleviate concentration polarization and the surface fouling that follows but also reduce the need for traditional cleaning methods that require operational downtime and often involve the use of abrasive chemical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- August H. Young
- Duke Center for WaSH-AID, Durham, NC 27701, USA;
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Nico Hotz
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Brian T. Hawkins
- Duke Center for WaSH-AID, Durham, NC 27701, USA;
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Zbigniew J. Kabala
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
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3
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Wang Q, Lin W, Chou S, Dai P, Huang X. Patterned membranes for improving hydrodynamic properties and mitigating membrane fouling in water treatment: A review. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 236:119943. [PMID: 37054608 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Membrane technologies have been widely applied in water treatment over the past few decades. However, membrane fouling remains a hinderance for the widespread use of membrane processes because it decreases effluent quality and increases operating costs. To mitigate membrane fouling, researchers have been exploring effective anti-fouling strategies. Recently, patterned membranes are gaining attention as a novel non-chemical membrane modification for membrane fouling control. In this paper, we review the research on patterned membranes used in water treatment over the past 20 years. In general, patterned membranes show superior anti-fouling performances, which mainly results from two aspects: hydrodynamic effects and interaction effects. Due to the introduction of diversified topographies onto the membrane surface, patterned membranes yield dramatic improvements on hydrodynamic properties, e.g., shear stress, velocity field and local turbulence, restraining concentration polarization and foulants' deposition on the membrane surface. Besides, the membrane-foulant and foulant-foulant interactions play an important role in the mitigation of membrane fouling. Due to the existence of surface patterns, the hydrodynamic boundary layer is destroyed and the interaction force as well as the contact area between foulants and surface are decreased, which contributes to the fouling suppression. However, there are still some limitations in the research and application of patterned membranes. Future research is suggested to focus on the development of patterned membranes appropriate for different water treatment scenarios, the insights into the interaction forces affected by surface patterns, and the pilot-scale and long-term studies to verify the anti-fouling performances of patterned membranes in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Weichen Lin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Shuren Chou
- Beijing OriginWater Membrane Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing 101407, China
| | - Pan Dai
- Beijing OriginWater Membrane Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing 101407, China
| | - Xia Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Research and Application Center for Membrane Technology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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4
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Lee U, Jang ES, Lee S, Kim HJ, Kang CW, Cho M, Lee J. Near dissolved organic matter microfiltration (NDOM MF) coupled with UVC LED disinfection to maximize the efficiency of water treatment for the removal of Giardia and Cryptosporidium. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 233:119731. [PMID: 36822110 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microfiltration (MF) membranes with a mean pore size same as or smaller than 0.45 µm have been typically used to separate pathogenic protozoa in water since materials larger than 0.45 µm are considered particulates. However, 0.45 µm is too small to separate protozoa which are 4-6 µm (Cryptosporidium oocyst) or 8-15 µm (Giardia cyst) in size. In this study, we optimized the mean pore size of MF membranes to maximize the producibility and guarantee a high removal rate simultaneously and proposed the membrane filtration using an MF membrane with an optimum mean pore size larger than but close to dissolved organic matter (DOM), which is called near DOM MF (NDOM MF). According to the MF test using polystyrene surrogate beads with diameters of 3 and 8 µm, an MF membrane with a 0.8 µm mean pore size was the best in that it showed 52% to 146% higher water fluxes than a 0.45 µm MF membrane while maintaining the removal rate at 3-4 log. It was also the case for a low-temperature MF test, revealing the NDOM MF is highly effective regardless of temperature changes. Lastly, we tried to find the possibility of combining the NDOM MF with disinfection by an ultraviolet light emitting diode (UVC LED) to further guarantee the high quality of treated water while providing high process efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uje Lee
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Suk Jang
- Department of Housing Environmental Design and Research Institute of Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Somin Lee
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jun Kim
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Won Kang
- Department of Housing Environmental Design and Research Institute of Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Cho
- Division of Biotechnology, Advanced institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaewoo Lee
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Hydrodynamic effects of non-uniform feed spacer structures on energy loss and mass transfer in spiral wound module. J Memb Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2023.121479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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6
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Yang M, Wang J, Zhang M, Liu K, Huang H. Particle oscillation at corrugated membrane-water interface: An in-situ direct observation and implication to membrane fouling control. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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7
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Shao S, Zeng F, Long L, Zhu X, Peng LE, Wang F, Yang Z, Tang CY. Nanofiltration Membranes with Crumpled Polyamide Films: A Critical Review on Mechanisms, Performances, and Environmental Applications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:12811-12827. [PMID: 36048162 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanofiltration (NF) membranes have been widely applied in many important environmental applications, including water softening, surface/groundwater purification, wastewater treatment, and water reuse. In recent years, a new class of piperazine (PIP)-based NF membranes featuring a crumpled polyamide layer has received considerable attention because of their great potential for achieving dramatic improvements in membrane separation performance. Since the report of novel crumpled Turing structures that exhibited an order of magnitude enhancement in water permeance ( Science 2018, 360 (6388), 518-521), the number of published research papers on this emerging topic has grown exponentially to approximately 200. In this critical review, we provide a systematic framework to classify the crumpled NF morphologies. The fundamental mechanisms and fabrication methods involved in the formation of these crumpled morphologies are summarized. We then discuss the transport of water and solutes in crumpled NF membranes and how these transport phenomena could simultaneously improve membrane water permeance, selectivity, and antifouling performance. The environmental applications of these emerging NF membranes are highlighted, and future research opportunities/needs are identified. The fundamental insights in this review provide critical guidance on the further development of high-performance NF membranes tailored for a wide range of environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senlin Shao
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Fanxi Zeng
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Li Long
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Xuewu Zhu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, PR China
| | - Lu Elfa Peng
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Chuyang Y Tang
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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8
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Shang C, Xia J, Sun L, Lipscomb GG, Zhang S. Concentration polarization on surface patterned membranes. AIChE J 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuning Shang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jianzhong Xia
- Institute for Advanced Study Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
| | - Lili Sun
- Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Toledo Toledo Ohio USA
| | - G. Glenn Lipscomb
- Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Toledo Toledo Ohio USA
| | - Sui Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore Singapore
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9
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Kim DY, Jung SY, Lee YJ, Ahn KH. Effect of Colloidal Interactions and Hydrodynamic Stress on Particle Deposition in a Single Micropore. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:6013-6022. [PMID: 35507428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Clogging is ubiquitous. It happens in a wide range of material processing and causes severe performance degradation or process breakdown. In this study, we investigate clogging dynamics in a single micropore by controlling the surface property of the particle and processing condition. Microfluidic observation is conducted to investigate particle deposition in a contraction microchannel where polystyrene suspension is injected as a feed solution. The particle deposition area is quantified using the images taken using a CCD camera in both upstream and downstream of the microchannel. Pressure drop across the microchannel is also measured. When the particle interaction is repulsive, the deposition occurs mostly in downstream, while an opposite tendency is identified when the particle interaction is attractive. More complex deposition characteristics are found as the flow rate is changed. Particle flux density and the ratio of lift force to colloidal force are introduced to explain the clogging dynamics. This study provides a useful insight to alleviate clogging issues by controlling the colloidal interaction and hydrodynamic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Yeon Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seon Yeop Jung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 16890, Korea
| | - Young Jin Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kyung Hyun Ahn
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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10
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Malakian A, Husson SM. Evaluating Protein Fouling on Membranes Patterned by Woven Mesh Fabrics. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:730. [PMID: 34677496 PMCID: PMC8538970 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11100730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Membrane surface patterning is one approach used to mitigate fouling. This study used a combination of flux decline measurements and visualization experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of a microscale herringbone pattern for reducing protein fouling on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration membranes. Thermal embossing with woven mesh stamps was used for the first time to pattern membranes. Embossing process parameters were studied to identify conditions replicating the mesh patterns with high fidelity and to determine their effect on membrane permeability. Permeability increased or remained constant when patterning at low pressure (≤4.4 MPa) as a result of increased effective surface area; whereas permeability decreased at higher pressures due to surface pore-sealing of the membrane active layer upon compression. Flux decline measurements with dilute protein solutions showed monotonic decreases over time, with lower rates for patterned membranes than as-received membranes. These data were analyzed by the Hermia model to follow the transient nature of fouling. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) provided complementary, quantitative, spatiotemporal information about protein deposition on as-received and patterned membrane surfaces. CLSM provided a greater level of detail for the early (pre-monolayer) stage of fouling than could be deduced from flux decline measurements. Images show that the protein immediately started to accumulate rapidly on the membranes, likely due to favorable hydrophobic interactions between the PVDF and protein, followed by decreasing rates of fouling with time as protein accumulated on the membrane surface. The knowledge generated in this study can be used to design membranes that inhibit fouling or otherwise direct foulants to deposit selectively in regions that minimize loss of flux.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott M. Husson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA;
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11
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Larocque MJ, Latulippe DR, de Lannoy CF. Formation of electrically conductive hollow fiber membranes via crossflow deposition of carbon nanotubes – Addressing the conductivity/permeability trade-off. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Malakian A, Zhou Z, Messick L, Spitzer TN, Ladner DA, Husson SM. Understanding the Role of Pattern Geometry on Nanofiltration Threshold Flux. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:445. [PMID: 33371519 PMCID: PMC7767534 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10120445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal fouling can be mitigated by membrane surface patterning. This contribution identifies the effect of different pattern geometries on fouling behavior. Nanoscale line-and-groove patterns with different feature sizes were applied by thermal embossing on commercial nanofiltration membranes. Threshold flux values of as-received, pressed, and patterned membranes were determined using constant flux, cross-flow filtration experiments. A previously derived combined intermediate pore blocking and cake filtration model was applied to the experimental data to determine threshold flux values. The threshold fluxes of all patterned membranes were higher than the as-received and pressed membranes. The pattern fraction ratio (PFR), defined as the quotient of line width and groove width, was used to analyze the relationship between threshold flux and pattern geometry quantitatively. Experimental work combined with computational fluid dynamics simulations showed that increasing the PFR leads to higher threshold flux. As the PFR increases, the percentage of vortex-forming area within the pattern grooves increases, and vortex-induced shielding increases. This study suggests that the PFR should be higher than 1 to produce patterned membranes with maximal threshold flux values. Knowledge generated in this study can be applied to other feature types to design patterned membranes for improved control over colloidal fouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Malakian
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (A.M.); (L.M.); (T.N.S.)
| | - Zuo Zhou
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (Z.Z.); (D.A.L.)
| | - Lucas Messick
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (A.M.); (L.M.); (T.N.S.)
| | - Tara N. Spitzer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (A.M.); (L.M.); (T.N.S.)
| | - David A. Ladner
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (Z.Z.); (D.A.L.)
| | - Scott M. Husson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (A.M.); (L.M.); (T.N.S.)
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13
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Shang C, Wang L, Xia J, Zhang S. Macropatterning of Microcrumpled Nanofiltration Membranes by Spacer Imprinting for Low-Scaling Desalination. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:15527-15533. [PMID: 33166125 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Surface patterns provide a chemical-free approach to reduce fouling by mimicking nature and are yet limited by their complicated fabrication procedures. Here, we report readily scalable methods to create sub-micrometer- and millimeter-scale patterns on membrane surfaces for low-scaling desalination, with a focus on the antiscaling mechanism. Specifically, a robust polyethylene (PE) lithium battery separator prepared from melt casting and stretching has been used as the support for nanofiltration (NF), giving micrometer-scale crumples on the surface. Then, the PENF membrane is imprinted by a permeate spacer during tests, leading to millimeter-scale patterns. Two types of experiments are designed to give insights into the impact of surface structure on scaling in NF processes, including (1) comparisons of smooth surfaces and surfaces with nanometer-, micrometer-, and millimeter-scale features and (2) no-stirring dead-end tests and crossflow tests. It has been found that micrometer-scale patterns are resistant to scaling through both spatial and hydrodynamic effects, and millimeter-scale patterns are also effective in reducing scaling solely due to hydrodynamic effects. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation gives further explanations. In addition, organic and microbial fouling has been studied to give implications for future membrane engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuning Shang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585
| | - Li Wang
- Beijing OriginWater Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China
| | - Jianzhong Xia
- Beijing OriginWater Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Sui Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585
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14
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Micro-patterned membranes prepared via modified phase inversion: Effect of modified interface on water fluxes and organic fouling. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 585:490-504. [PMID: 33121759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of patterns on a membrane-solute interface has been suggested as an effective method to tackle the reduced flux and fouling issues. Herein, the effectiveness of using spray-modified non-solvent induced phase separation (s-NIPS) to create a variety of micrometer-level structured interfaces is now studied. Circular, triangular and rectangular patterns with different dimensions were successfully created on polyacrylonitrile membranes. The rectangular pattern height was varied from 500 to 1500 µm, which resulted in a proportional increase in clean water permeance from 590 ± 47 L m-2 h-1 bar-1 to 1345 ± 108 L m-2 h-1 bar-1 respectively. This coincided with some BSA rejection loss for the highest patterns, indicating the fragile nature of these tall features. No significant rejection losses were found for the smaller pattern heights (145-250 µm) as compared to flat membranes, while fluxes more than doubled still. The critical pressure was also increased substantially for patterned membranes and showed a proportionality with the pattern height. These experimental findings were correlated with the reduced foulant adhesion due to a shear-induced slip boundary layer at the membrane-solution interface. Computational fluid dynamics simulations further showed higher shear stress values due to flow constriction within the membrane's valley regions. These findings indicate the high potential of s-NIPS patterned membranes in long-term industrial applications by requiring less membrane area for a given application and reducing cleaning interventions.
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15
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Heparinized thin-film composite membranes with sub-micron ridge structure for efficient hemodialysis. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Chew JW, Kilduff J, Belfort G. The behavior of suspensions and macromolecular solutions in crossflow microfiltration: An update. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.117865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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17
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Structural tailoring of sharkskin-mimetic patterned reverse osmosis membranes for optimizing biofouling resistance. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Lee J, Won YJ, Choi DC, Lee S, Park PK, Choo KH, Oh HS, Lee CH. Micro-patterned membranes with enzymatic quorum quenching activity to control biofouling in an MBR for wastewater treatment. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Barambu NU, Bilad MR, Wibisono Y, Jaafar J, Mahlia TMI, Khan AL. Membrane Surface Patterning as a Fouling Mitigation Strategy in Liquid Filtration: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11101687. [PMID: 31618963 PMCID: PMC6835855 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane fouling is seen as the main culprit that hinders the widespread of membrane application in liquid-based filtration. Therefore, fouling management is key for the successful implementation of membrane processes, and it is done across all magnitudes. For optimum operation, membrane developments and surface modifications have largely been reported, including membrane surface patterning. Membrane surface patterning involves structural modification of the membrane surface to induce secondary flow due to eddies, which mitigate foulant agglomeration and increase the effective surface area for improved permeance and antifouling properties. This paper reviews surface patterning approaches used for fouling mitigation in water and wastewater treatments. The focus is given on the pattern formation methods and their effect on overall process performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiu Umar Barambu
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak 32610, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Roil Bilad
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak 32610, Malaysia.
| | - Yusuf Wibisono
- Bioprocess Engineering Program, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65141, Indonesia.
| | - Juhana Jaafar
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor 81310, Malaysia.
| | - Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia
- School of Information, Systems and Modelling, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Asim Laeeq Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
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20
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Ge C, Zhai W, Park CB. Preparation of Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) Perforated Membrane via CO 2 Foaming and Its Particle Separation Performance. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E847. [PMID: 31083341 PMCID: PMC6571844 DOI: 10.3390/polym11050847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The way in which a perforated structure is formed has attracted much interest in the porous membrane research community. This novel structure gives materials an excellent antifouling property as well as a low operating pressure and other benefits. Unfortunately, the current membrane fabrication methods usually involve multi-step processes and the use of organic solvents or additives. Our study is the first to offer a way to prepare perforated membrane by using a physical foaming technique with CO2 as the blowing agent. We selected thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as the base material because it is a biocompatible elastomer with excellent tensility, high abrasion resistance, and good elastic resilience. Various processing parameters, which included the saturation pressure, the foaming temperature, and the membrane thickness, were applied to adjust the TPU membrane's perforated morphology. We proposed a possible formation mechanism of the perforated membrane. The as-prepared TPU membrane had good mechanical properties with a tensile strength of about 5 MPa and an elongation at break above 100%. Such mechanical properties make this novel membrane usable as a self-standing filter device. In addition, its straight-through channel structure can separate particles and meet different separation requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbiao Ge
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.
| | - Wentao Zhai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Chul B Park
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada.
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21
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Transport and deposition of colloidal particles on a patterned membrane surface: Effect of cross-flow velocity and the size ratio of particle to surface pattern. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Du X, Liu X, Wang Y, Radaei E, Lian B, Leslie G, Li G, Liang H. Particle deposition on flat sheet membranes under bubbly and slug flow aeration in coagulation-microfiltration process: Effects of particle characteristic and shear stress. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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23
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Kim Y, Ahn KH, Lee SJ. Clogging mechanism of poly(styrene) particles in the flow through a single micro-pore. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Zhang W, Ruan X, Ma Y, Jiang X, Zheng W, Liu Y, He G. Modeling and simulation of mitigating membrane fouling under a baffle-filled turbulent flow with permeate boundary. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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25
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Ding Y, Maruf S, Aghajani M, Greenberg AR. Surface patterning of polymeric membranes and its effect on antifouling characteristics. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2016.1201115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yifu Ding
- Membrane Science, Engineering and Technology Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Sajjad Maruf
- Membrane Science, Engineering and Technology Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Masoud Aghajani
- Membrane Science, Engineering and Technology Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Alan R. Greenberg
- Membrane Science, Engineering and Technology Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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