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Kong F, You L, Zhang D, Sun G, Chen J. Facile Preparation of Dense Polysulfone UF Membranes with Enhanced Salt Rejection by Post-Heating. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:759. [PMID: 37755181 PMCID: PMC10536995 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13090759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Polysulfone (PSf) membranes typically have a negligible rejection of salts due to the intrinsic larger pore size and wide pore size distribution. In this work, a facile and scalable heat treatment was proposed to increase the salt rejection. The influence of heat treatment on the structure and performance of PSf membranes was systematically investigated. The average pore size decreased from 9.94 ± 5.5 nm for pristine membranes to 1.18 ± 0.19 nm with the increase in temperature to 50 °C, while the corresponding porosity decreased from 2.07% to 0.13%. Meanwhile, the thickness of the sponge structure decreased from 20.20 to 11.5 μm as the heat treatment temperature increased to 50 °C. The MWCO of PSf decreased from 290,000 Da to 120 Da, whereas the membrane pore size decreased from 5.5 to 0.19 nm. Correspondingly, the water flux decreased from 1545 to 27.24 L·m-2·h-1, while the rejection ratio increased from 3.1% to 74.0% for Na2SO4, from 1.3% to 48.2% for MgSO4, and from 0.6% to 23.8% for NaCl. Meanwhile, mechanism analysis indicated that the water evaporation in the membranes resulted in the shrinkage of the membrane pores and decrease in the average pore size, thus improving the separation performance. In addition, the desalting performance of the heat-treated membranes for real actual industrial wastewater was improved. This provides a facile and scalable route for PSf membrane applications for enhanced desalination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanxin Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China (D.Z.); (J.C.)
| | - Lian You
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China (D.Z.); (J.C.)
| | - Dingwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China (D.Z.); (J.C.)
| | - Guangdong Sun
- Research Center for Urban & Rural Water Environmental Technology, China Urban and Rural Holding Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 102249, China
- Beijing Originwater Membrane Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China
| | - Jinfu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China (D.Z.); (J.C.)
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Shefer I, Lopez K, Straub AP, Epsztein R. Applying Transition-State Theory to Explore Transport and Selectivity in Salt-Rejecting Membranes: A Critical Review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:7467-7483. [PMID: 35549171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Membrane technologies using reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) have been widely implemented in water purification and desalination processes. Separation between species at the molecular level is achievable in RO and NF membranes due to a complex and poorly understood combination of transport mechanisms that have attracted the attention of researchers within and beyond the membrane community for many years. Minimizing existing knowledge gaps in transport through these membranes can improve the sustainability of current water-treatment processes and expand the use of RO and NF membranes to other applications that require high selectivity between species. Since its establishment in 1949, and with growing popularity in recent years, Eyring's transition-state theory (TST) for transmembrane permeation has been applied in numerous studies to mechanistically explore molecular transport in membranes including RO and NF. In this review, we critically assess TST applied to transmembrane permeation in salt-rejecting membranes, focusing on mechanistic insights into transport under confinement that can be gained from this framework and the key limitations associated with the method. We first demonstrate and discuss the limited ability of the commonly used solution-diffusion model to mechanistically explain transport and selectivity trends observed in RO and NF membranes. Next, we review important milestones in the development of TST, introduce its underlying principles and equations, and establish the connection to transmembrane permeation with a focus on molecular-level enthalpic and entropic barriers that govern water and solute transport under confinement. We then critically review the application of TST to explore transport in RO and NF membranes, analyzing trends in measured enthalpic and entropic barriers and synthesizing new data to highlight important phenomena associated with the temperature-dependent measurement of the activation parameters. We also discuss major limitations of the experimental application of TST and propose specific solutions to minimize the uncertainties surrounding the current approach. We conclude with identifying future research needs to enhance the implementation and maximize the benefit of TST application to transmembrane permeation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idit Shefer
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Kian Lopez
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0428, United States
| | - Anthony P Straub
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0428, United States
| | - Razi Epsztein
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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Yu X, Wang Q, Nagasawa H, Kanezashi M, Tsuru T. SiC mesoporous membranes for sulfuric acid decomposition at high temperatures in the iodine-sulfur process. RSC Adv 2020; 10:41883-41890. [PMID: 35516528 PMCID: PMC9057924 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06919a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic microporous materials have shown promise for the fabrication of membranes with chemical stability and resistance to high temperatures. Silicon-carbide (SiC) has been widely studied due to its outstanding mechanical stability under high temperatures and its resistance to corrosion and oxidation. This study is the first to prepare mesoporous SiC membranes for use in sulphuric acid decomposition to achieve thermochemical water splitting in the iodine–sulfur process. Single-gas permeation was carried out to confirm the stability of this mesoporous membrane under exposure to steam and H2SO4 vapor. Benefiting from the excellent chemical stability of the α-Al2O3 membrane support and the SiC particle layer, the SiC membrane exhibited stable gas permeance without significant degradation under H2SO4 vapor treatment at 600 °C. Additionally, with extraction, the membrane reactor exhibited an increased conversion from 25 to 41% for H2SO4 decomposition at 600 °C. The high performance combined with outstanding stability under acidic conditions suggests the developed SiC membrane is a promising candidate for H2SO4 decomposition in a catalytic membrane reactor. In the present study, SiC particles derived mesoporous membrane was discovered and applied to membrane reactor for H2SO4 decomposition. The reaction equilibrium was moved the to the product side by membrane reactor with extraction at 600 °C.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University 1-4-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527 Japan
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University 1-4-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527 Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagasawa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University 1-4-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527 Japan
| | - Masakoto Kanezashi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University 1-4-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527 Japan
| | - Toshinori Tsuru
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University 1-4-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527 Japan
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Anisah S, Kanezashi M, Nagasawa H, Tsuru T. Hydrothermal stability and permeation properties of TiO2-ZrO2 (5/5) nanofiltration membranes at high temperatures. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Yu L, Kanezashi M, Nagasawa H, Guo M, Moriyama N, Ito K, Tsuru T. Tailoring Ultramicroporosity To Maximize CO 2 Transport within Pyrimidine-Bridged Organosilica Membranes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:7164-7173. [PMID: 30694041 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b01462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Amine-functionalized organosilica membranes have attracted an increasing amount of attention because of significant potential for the capture of postcombustion CO2. The appealing separation performance of these membranes, however, is generally obtained via compromises to gas permeance. In the present study, a novel, ultramicroporosity-tailored composite (organo)silica membrane with high flux was synthesized via sol-gel cocondensation of a pyrimidine-bridged organoalkoxysilane precursor 4,6-bis(3-(triethoxysilyl)-1-propoxy)-1,3-pyrimidine (BTPP) with a second intrinsically rigid network precursor (1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane or tetraethylorthosilicate). The surface chemistry, ultramicroporosity, and chain-packing state of the initial BTPP-derived membranes can be carefully tuned, which has been verified via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, water-contact angle measurement, X-ray diffraction, and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. The composite (organo)silica xerogel specimens presented a slightly improved ultramicroporosity with noticeable increases in gas adsorption (CO2 and N2). However, a surprising increase in CO2 permeance (>2000 GPU), with moderate CO2/N2 selectivity (∼20), was observed in the resultant composite (organo)silica membranes. Furthermore, gas permeance of the composite membranes far surpassed the values based on Maxwell predictions, indicating a possible molecular-scale dispersion of the composite networks. This novel, porosity-tailored, high-flux membrane holds great potential for use in industrial postcombustion CO2 capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Hiroshima University , 1-4-1 Kagamiyama , Higashihiroshima 739-8527 , Japan
| | - Masakoto Kanezashi
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Hiroshima University , 1-4-1 Kagamiyama , Higashihiroshima 739-8527 , Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagasawa
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Hiroshima University , 1-4-1 Kagamiyama , Higashihiroshima 739-8527 , Japan
| | - Meng Guo
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Hiroshima University , 1-4-1 Kagamiyama , Higashihiroshima 739-8527 , Japan
| | - Norihiro Moriyama
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Hiroshima University , 1-4-1 Kagamiyama , Higashihiroshima 739-8527 , Japan
| | - Kenji Ito
- National Metrology Institute of Japan , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology , 1-1-1 Higashi , Tsukuba 305-8565 , Japan
| | - Toshinori Tsuru
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Hiroshima University , 1-4-1 Kagamiyama , Higashihiroshima 739-8527 , Japan
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Kassim Shaari NZ, Sulaiman NA, Rahman NA. Thin film composite membranes: Preparation, characterization, and application towards copper ion removal. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2019; 7:102845. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2018.102845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Zheng FT, Yamamoto K, Kanezashi M, Gunji T, Tsuru T, Ohshita J. Preparation of Hybrid Organosilica Reverse Osmosis Membranes by Interfacial Polymerization of Bis[(trialkoxysilyl)propyl]amine. CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.180525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Tao Zheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Masakoto Kanezashi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Takahiro Gunji
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Toshinori Tsuru
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Joji Ohshita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
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Shi M, Wang Z, Zhao S, Wang J, Zhang P, Cao X. A novel pathway for high performance RO membrane: Preparing active layer with decreased thickness and enhanced compactness by incorporating tannic acid into the support. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Gong G, Nagasawa H, Kanezashi M, Tsuru T. Facile and Scalable Flow-Induced Deposition of Organosilica on Porous Polymer Supports for Reverse Osmosis Desalination. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:14070-14078. [PMID: 29616792 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b19075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of a continuous and uniform organosilica membrane on a porous polymer substrate was achieved via a facile and technologically scalable flow-induced deposition (FD) approach. The uniformity of the thickness of an organosilica separation layer on a polymer surface with a large area was improved significantly via this two-step FD approach. Meanwhile, the optimal concentration of the organosilica used in membrane preparation was also investigated. This polymer-supported organosilica layered-hybrid membrane showed a high level of NaCl rejection (97.5-99%) in the reverse osmosis desalination of a 2000 ppm NaCl solution at an operating pressure of 3 MPa. This membrane also exhibited good stability and flexibility when rolled into a curvature radius of 11 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genghao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin Polytechnic University , Tianjin 300387 , PR China
| | - Hiroki Nagasawa
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Hiroshima University , Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527 , Japan
| | - Masakoto Kanezashi
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Hiroshima University , Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527 , Japan
| | - Toshinori Tsuru
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Hiroshima University , Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527 , Japan
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Gohil JM, Suresh AK. Chlorine attack on reverse osmosis membranes: Mechanisms and mitigation strategies. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.06.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Evaluation of non-commercial ceramic SiO2-ZrO2 and organosilica BTESE membranes in a highly oxidative medium: Performance in hydrogen peroxide. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Gong G, Nagasawa H, Kanezashi M, Tsuru T. Tailoring the Separation Behavior of Polymer-Supported Organosilica Layered-Hybrid Membranes via Facile Post-Treatment Using HCl and HN3 Vapors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:11060-11069. [PMID: 27070105 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b01986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A promising layered-hybrid membrane consisting of a microporous organosilica active layer deposited onto a porous polymer support was prepared via a facile sol-gel spin-coating process. Subsequently, the pore sizes and structures of the organosilica top layers on the membrane surface were tuned at mild temperature combined with vapor treatment from either hydrochloric acid (HVT) or ammonia (AVT), thereby tailoring the desalination performance of the membranes during reverse osmosis (RO) processing. The effects of HVT and AVT on the pore size, structure, and morphology of organosilica layers and on the separation performances of membranes were investigated in detail. We confirmed that both HVT and AVT processes accelerated the condensation of silanol (Si-OH) in the organosilica layer, which led to dense silica networks. The layered-hybrid membranes after HVT showed an improved salt rejection and reduced water flux, while membranes after AVT exhibited a decrease in both salt rejection and water permeability. We found that HVT gave rise to smoother and denser organosilica layers, while AVT produced large voids and formed pinholes due to Ostwald ripening. These conclusions were supported by a comparative analysis of the results obtained via FTIR, TG-MS, SPM, and RO desalination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genghao Gong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hiroshima University , Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagasawa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hiroshima University , Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Masakoto Kanezashi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hiroshima University , Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Toshinori Tsuru
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hiroshima University , Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
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